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Ma W, Xu Z, Wang Q, Zhang Z, Tang D, Zhao J. Metrology and visualization analysis of literatures related to tumor immunotherapy based on
CiteSpace. PRECISION MEDICAL SCIENCES 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/prm2.12099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
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Bozward AG, Wootton GE, Podstawka O, Oo YH. Autoimmune Hepatitis: Tolerogenic Immunological State During Pregnancy and Immune Escape in Post-partum. Front Immunol 2020; 11:591380. [PMID: 33072138 PMCID: PMC7541906 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.591380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The maternal immune system engages in a fine balancing act during pregnancy by simultaneously maintaining immune tolerance to the fetus and immune responses to protect against invading organisms. Pregnancy is an intricately orchestrated process where effector immune cells with fetal specificity are selectively silenced. This requires a sustained immune suppressive state not only by expansion of maternal Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) but also by leaning the immune clock toward a Th2 dominant arm. The fetus, known as a semi-allograft or temporary-self, leads to remission of autoimmune hepatitis during pregnancy. However, this tolerogenic immune state reverts back to a Th1 dominant arm, resulting in post-partum flare of AIH. Various hormones play a significant role in endocrine-immune axis during pregnancy. The placenta functions as a barrier between the maternal immune system and the fetus also plays a pivotal role in creating a tolerogenic environment during pregnancy. We review the evidence of immune tolerance during pregnancy and immune escape at post-partum period, focusing on patients with autoimmune hepatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber G Bozward
- Centre for Liver and Gastroenterology Research, NIHR Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom.,Centre for Rare Diseases, European Reference Network ERN Rare-Liver, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Grace E Wootton
- Centre for Liver and Gastroenterology Research, NIHR Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom.,Centre for Rare Diseases, European Reference Network ERN Rare-Liver, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Oskar Podstawka
- Centre for Liver and Gastroenterology Research, NIHR Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Ye H Oo
- Centre for Liver and Gastroenterology Research, NIHR Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom.,Centre for Rare Diseases, European Reference Network ERN Rare-Liver, Birmingham, United Kingdom.,Liver Transplant and Hepatology Unit, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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Sisti G, Di Tommaso M, Paccosi S, Parenti A, Di Rienzo G, Campana D, Witkin SS. Sex-specific influence of the vacuolar adenosine triphosphatase a2 isoform on outcome in twin pregnancies. Am J Reprod Immunol 2018; 81:e13071. [PMID: 30418688 DOI: 10.1111/aji.13071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
PROBLEM The influence of fetal sex on immune responses in multifetal pregnancies remains incompletely elucidated. The a2 isoform of vacuolar adenosine triphosphatase (a2V) is expressed on the cell membrane of maternal lymphoid cells and contributes to down-regulation of pro-inflammatory immune responses during gestation. The association between fetal sex and a2V expression on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from mothers with twin gestations was assessed. METHOD OF STUDY Patients in this prospective study were 93 women with twin pregnancies in their mid-second or early third trimester-27 with two male, 30 with two female and 36 with one male and one female fetus. PBMCs were isolated and a2V was measured by ELISA in cell lysates. Demographic and clinical data were subsequently obtained and correlations between a2V and fetal sex, birthweight and pregnancy outcome were assessed by the Mann-Whitney and Spearman rank correlation tests. RESULTS The mean a2V level was highest when both fetuses were male (2.0 ng/mL) and lowest when both were female (1.5 ng/mL; P = 0.0184). Only when both fetuses were female did the a2V concentration negatively correlate with birthweight of the 1st (P = 0.0011) and 2nd (P = 0.0044) born fetus and with gestational age at delivery (P = 0.0018). There were no associations between a2V and these outcomes in male only or mixed twin pregnancies. CONCLUSION We conclude that the a2V-mediated regulation of maternal immunity during twin pregnancies is influenced by fetal sex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Sisti
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Lincoln Medical and Mental Health Center, Bronx, New York.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | | | - Sara Paccosi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Astrid Parenti
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Giulia Di Rienzo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Dante Campana
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Steven S Witkin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York.,Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Altered Intracellular ATP Production by Activated CD4+ T-Cells in Very Preterm Infants. J Immunol Res 2016; 2016:8374328. [PMID: 28070527 PMCID: PMC5187601 DOI: 10.1155/2016/8374328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Revised: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. The neonatal immune system is not fully developed at birth; newborns have adequate lymphocytes counts but these cells lack function. Objective. To assess the activity of T-cells and the influence of the main perinatal factors in very preterm infants (birth weight < 1500 g). Design. Blood samples from 59 preterm infants (21/59 were dizygotic twins) were collected at birth and at 30 days of life to measure CD4+ T-cell activity using the ImmuKnow™ assay. Fifteen healthy adults were included as a control group. Results. CD4+ T-cell activity was lower in VLBW infants compared with adults (p < 0.001). Twins showed lower immune activity compared to singletons (p = 0.005). Infants born vaginally showed higher CD4+ T-cell activity compared to those born by C-section (p = 0.031); infants born after prolonged Premature Rupture of Membranes (pPROM) showed higher CD4+ T-cell activity at birth (p = 0.002) compared to infants born without pPROM. Low CD4+ T-cell activity at birth is associated with necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) in the first week of life (p = 0.049). Conclusions. Preterm infants show a lack in CD4+ T-cell activity at birth. Perinatal factors such as intrauterine inflammation, mode of delivery, and zygosity can influence the adaptive immune activation capacity at birth and can contribute to exposing these infants to serious complications such as NEC.
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Kaplinski M, Jois M, Galdos-Cardenas G, Rendell VR, Shah V, Do RQ, Marcus R, Pena MSB, Abastoflor MDC, LaFuente C, Bozo R, Valencia E, Verastegui M, Colanzi R, Gilman RH, Bern C. Sustained Domestic Vector Exposure Is Associated With Increased Chagas Cardiomyopathy Risk but Decreased Parasitemia and Congenital Transmission Risk Among Young Women in Bolivia. Clin Infect Dis 2015; 61:918-26. [PMID: 26063720 DOI: 10.1093/cid/civ446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We studied women and their infants to evaluate risk factors for congenital transmission and cardiomyopathy in Trypanosoma cruzi-infected women. METHODS Women provided data and blood for serology and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Infants of infected women had blood tested at 0 and 1 month by microscopy, PCR and immunoblot, and serology at 6 and 9 months. Women underwent electrocardiography (ECG). RESULTS Of 1696 women, 456 (26.9%) were infected; 31 (6.8%) transmitted T. cruzi to their infants. Women who transmitted had higher parasite loads than those who did not (median, 62.0 [interquartile range {IQR}, 25.8-204.8] vs 0.05 [IQR, 0-29.6]; P < .0001). Transmission was higher in twin than in singleton births (27.3% vs 6.4%; P = .04). Women who had not lived in infested houses transmitted more frequently (9.7% vs 4.6%; P = .04), were more likely to have positive results by PCR (65.5% vs 33.9%; P < .001), and had higher parasite loads than those who had lived in infested houses (median, 25.8 [IQR, 0-64.1] vs 0 [IQR, 0-12.3]; P < .001). Of 302 infected women, 28 (9.3%) had ECG abnormalities consistent with Chagas cardiomyopathy; risk was higher for older women (odds ratio [OR], 1.06 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 1.01-1.12] per year) and those with vector exposure (OR, 3.7 [95% CI, 1.4-10.2]). We observed a strong dose-response relationship between ECG abnormalities and reported years of living in an infested house. CONCLUSIONS We hypothesize that repeated vector-borne infection sustains antigen exposure and the consequent inflammatory response at a higher chronic level, increasing cardiac morbidity, but possibly enabling exposed women to control parasitemia in the face of pregnancy-induced Th2 polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Kaplinski
- Department of Cardiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Malasa Jois
- Division of Internal Medicine, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Gerson Galdos-Cardenas
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland Universidad Católica Boliviana, Santa Cruz, Plurinational State of Bolivia
| | | | - Vishal Shah
- Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Missouri
| | - Rose Q Do
- Department of Cardiology, University of Colorado, Denver
| | - Rachel Marcus
- Department of Cardiology, Washington Hospital Center, Washington, District of Columbia
| | | | | | | | - Ricardo Bozo
- Camiri Municipal Hospital, Camiri, Plurinational State of Bolivia
| | - Edward Valencia
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Enfermedades Infecciosas, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Manuela Verastegui
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Enfermedades Infecciosas, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Rony Colanzi
- Universidad Católica Boliviana, Santa Cruz, Plurinational State of Bolivia
| | - Robert H Gilman
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Caryn Bern
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine
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Rendell VR, Gilman RH, Valencia E, Galdos-Cardenas G, Verastegui M, Sanchez L, Acosta J, Sanchez G, Ferrufino L, LaFuente C, Abastoflor MDC, Colanzi R, Bern C. Trypanosoma cruzi-infected pregnant women without vector exposure have higher parasitemia levels: implications for congenital transmission risk. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0119527. [PMID: 25807498 PMCID: PMC4373803 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0119527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2014] [Accepted: 01/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Congenital transmission is a major source of new Trypanosoma cruzi infections, and as vector and blood bank control continue to improve, the proportion due to congenital infection will grow. A major unanswered question is why reported transmission rates from T. cruzi-infected mothers vary so widely among study populations. Women with high parasite loads during pregnancy are more likely to transmit to their infants, but the factors that govern maternal parasite load are largely unknown. Better understanding of these factors could enable prioritization of screening programs to target women most at risk of transmission to their infants. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS We screened pregnant women presenting for delivery in a large urban hospital in Bolivia and followed infants of infected women for congenital Chagas disease. Of 596 women screened, 128 (21.5%) had confirmed T. cruzi infection; transmission occurred from 15 (11.7%) infected women to their infants. Parasite loads were significantly higher among women who transmitted compared to those who did not. Congenital transmission occurred from 31.3% (9/29), 15.4% (4/26) and 0% (0/62) of women with high, moderate and low parasite load, respectively (χx2 for trend 18.2; p<0.0001). Twin births were associated with higher transmission risk and higher maternal parasite loads. Infected women without reported vector exposure had significantly higher parasite loads than those who had lived in an infested house (median 26.4 vs 0 parasites/mL; p<0.001) with an inverse relationship between years of living in an infested house and parasite load. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE We hypothesize that sustained vector-borne parasite exposure and repeated superinfection by T. cruzi may act as an immune booster, allowing women to maintain effective control of the parasite despite the down-regulation of late pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria R. Rendell
- Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States of America
| | - Robert H. Gilman
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Edward Valencia
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Enfermedades Infecciosas, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Gerson Galdos-Cardenas
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Manuela Verastegui
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Enfermedades Infecciosas, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Leny Sanchez
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Enfermedades Infecciosas, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Janet Acosta
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Enfermedades Infecciosas, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Gerardo Sanchez
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Enfermedades Infecciosas, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Lisbeth Ferrufino
- Universidad Catolica Boliviana, Santa Cruz, Plurinational State of Bolivia
| | - Carlos LaFuente
- Hospital Universitario Japones, Santa Cruz, Plurinational State of Bolivia
| | | | - Rony Colanzi
- Universidad Catolica Boliviana, Santa Cruz, Plurinational State of Bolivia
| | - Caryn Bern
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Acute infectious morbidity in multiple gestation. Infect Dis Obstet Gynecol 2015; 2015:173261. [PMID: 25684973 PMCID: PMC4313678 DOI: 10.1155/2015/173261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2014] [Revised: 11/17/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives. Physiologic and immunologic changes in pregnancy result in increased susceptibility to infection. These shifts are more pronounced in pregnancies complicated by multiple gestation. The objective of this study was to determine the association between multiple gestation and risk of infectious morbidity. Study Design. The Nationwide Inpatient Sample for the years 2008–2010 was used to identify pregnant women during admission for delivery with International Classification of Diseases codes. Logistic regression was used to compute odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for demographic data, preexisting medical conditions, and acute medical and infectious complications for women with multiple versus singleton gestations. Results. Among women with multiple gestation, 38.4 per 1,000 women had an infectious complication compared to 12.8 per 1,000 women with singletons. The most significant infectious morbidity associated with multiple gestation was intestinal infections, pyelonephritis, influenza, and pneumonia. After controlling for confounding variables, infectious complications at delivery persisted for women with multiples, though the association was dependent on mode of delivery. Conclusions. Women with multiple gestations are at increased risk for infectious morbidity identified at the time of delivery. This association was diminished among women who had a cesarean suggesting that operative delivery is not responsible for this association.
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duPont NC, Wang K, Wadhwa PD, Culhane JF, Nelson EL. Validation and comparison of luminex multiplex cytokine analysis kits with ELISA: determinations of a panel of nine cytokines in clinical sample culture supernatants. J Reprod Immunol 2005; 66:175-91. [PMID: 16029895 PMCID: PMC5738327 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2005.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 240] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2004] [Revised: 03/07/2005] [Accepted: 03/18/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
PROBLEM Analyses of the expression pattern of multiple cytokines are frequently required for characterization of the status of the immune system as it pertains to Th type bias and intrinsic levels of inflammation. Classically, analysis of cytokine expression patterns has been performed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) for each separate analyte. A new technology, Luminex MAP, facilitates the simultaneous evaluation of multiple immune mediators with advantages of higher throughput, smaller sample volume, and lower cost. Validation of this technology has been limited to small sample sets, limited use of clinical study specimens, and use of non-commercial reagents. METHODS Ninety-six specimens from women over the course of their respective pregnancies were evaluated for cytokine concentrations using commercially available ELISA kits and commercially available Luminex MAP kits according to the manufacturers' directions. Correlations between data sets were evaluated using Pearson's correlation coefficient (r). RESULTS Excellent correlations were demonstrated for IL-1 beta, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, IFN gamma, and TNF alpha, in contrast to IL-12 p 70 and IL-13. CONCLUSIONS Luminex multiplex technology has distinct advantages and is a valid alternative method to ELISA for the evaluation of the majority of cytokines tested and for the characterization of immune system status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nefertiti C. duPont
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gynecologic Oncology Division, University of California, Orange, CA 92868, USA
| | - Kehui Wang
- Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology Division, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Pathik D. Wadhwa
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Jennifer F. Culhane
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Public Health, College of Medicine, Drew University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Edward L. Nelson
- Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology Division, College of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, School of Biological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
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