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Rao TD, Xu M, Eng S, Yang G, Manson R, Rosales N, Kumar R, Veillard IE, Zhou Q, Iasonos A, Ouerfelli O, Djaballah H, Spriggs DR, Yeku OO. Dual Fluorescence Isogenic Synthetic Lethal Kinase Screen and High-Content Secondary Screening for MUC16/CA125 Selective Agents. Mol Cancer Ther 2022; 21:775-785. [PMID: 35413118 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-21-0572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Significant strides have been made in the development of precision therapeutics for cancer. Aberrantly expressed glycoproteins represent a potential avenue for therapeutic development. The MUC16/CA125 glycoprotein serves as a biomarker of disease and a driver of malignant transformation in epithelial ovarian cancer. Previously, we demonstrated a proof-of-principle approach to selectively targeting MUC16+ cells. In this report, we performed a synthetic lethal kinase screen using a human kinome RNAi library and identified key pathways preferentially targetable in MUC16+ cells using isogenic dual florescence ovarian cancer cell lines. Utilizing a separate approach, we performed high-content small-molecule screening of 6 different libraries of 356,982 compounds for MUC16/CA125 selective agents and identified lead candidates that showed preferential cytotoxicity in MUC16+ cells. Compounds with differential activity were selected and tested in various other ovarian cell lines or isogenic pairs to identify lead compounds for Structural Activity Relationship (SAR) selection. Lead siRNA and small molecule inhibitor candidates preferentially inhibited invasion of MUC16+ cells in vitro and in vivo and we show that this is due to decreased activation of MAP kinase, and non-receptor tyrosine kinases. Taken together, we present a comprehensive screening approach to the development of a novel class of MUC16-selective targeted therapeutics and identify candidates suitable for further clinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thapi Dharma Rao
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Mengyao Xu
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, United States
| | - Stephanie Eng
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, United States
| | - Guangli Yang
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Robin Manson
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Nestor Rosales
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Raj Kumar
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | | | - Qin Zhou
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Alexia Iasonos
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, United States
| | | | | | | | - Oladapo O Yeku
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
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Levit SL, Tang C. Polymeric Nanoparticle Delivery of Combination Therapy with Synergistic Effects in Ovarian Cancer. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:1048. [PMID: 33923947 PMCID: PMC8072532 DOI: 10.3390/nano11041048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Treatment of ovarian cancer is challenging due to late stage diagnosis, acquired drug resistance mechanisms, and systemic toxicity of chemotherapeutic agents. Combination chemotherapy has the potential to enhance treatment efficacy by activation of multiple downstream pathways to overcome drug resistance and reducing required dosages. Sequence of delivery and the dosing schedule can further enhance treatment efficacy. Formulation of drug combinations into nanoparticles can further enhance treatment efficacy. Due to their versatility, polymer-based nanoparticles are an especially promising tool for clinical translation of combination therapies with tunable dosing schedules. We review polymer nanoparticle (e.g., micelles, dendrimers, and lipid nanoparticles) carriers of drug combinations formulated to treat ovarian cancer. In particular, the focus on this review is combinations of platinum and taxane agents (commonly used first line treatments for ovarian cancer) combined with other small molecule therapeutic agents. In vitro and in vivo drug potency are discussed with a focus on quantifiable synergistic effects. The effect of drug sequence and dosing schedule is examined. Computational approaches as a tool to predict synergistic drug combinations and dosing schedules as a tool for future nanoparticle design are also briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shani L Levit
- Chemical and Life Science Engineering Department, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA
| | - Christina Tang
- Chemical and Life Science Engineering Department, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA
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Carsanba E, Pintado M, Oliveira C. Fermentation Strategies for Production of Pharmaceutical Terpenoids in Engineered Yeast. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:295. [PMID: 33810302 PMCID: PMC8066412 DOI: 10.3390/ph14040295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Terpenoids, also known as isoprenoids, are a broad and diverse class of plant natural products with significant industrial and pharmaceutical importance. Many of these natural products have antitumor, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antiviral, and antimalarial effects, support transdermal absorption, prevent and treat cardiovascular diseases, and have hypoglycemic activities. Production of these compounds are generally carried out through extraction from their natural sources or chemical synthesis. However, these processes are generally unsustainable, produce low yield, and result in wasting of substantial resources, most of them limited. Microbial production of terpenoids provides a sustainable and environment-friendly alternative. In recent years, the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae has become a suitable cell factory for industrial terpenoid biosynthesis due to developments in omics studies (genomics, transcriptomics, metabolomics, proteomics), and mathematical modeling. Besides that, fermentation development has a significant importance on achieving high titer, yield, and productivity (TYP) of these compounds. Up to now, there have been many studies and reviews reporting metabolic strategies for terpene biosynthesis. However, fermentation strategies have not been yet comprehensively discussed in the literature. This review summarizes recent studies of recombinant production of pharmaceutically important terpenoids by engineered yeast, S. cerevisiae, with special focus on fermentation strategies to increase TYP in order to meet industrial demands to feed the pharmaceutical market. Factors affecting recombinant terpenoids production are reviewed (strain design and fermentation parameters) and types of fermentation process (batch, fed-batch, and continuous) are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erdem Carsanba
- Amyris BioProducts Portugal, Unipessoal, Lda. Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal;
- CBQF—Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina—Laboratório Associado, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Manuela Pintado
- CBQF—Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina—Laboratório Associado, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Carla Oliveira
- CBQF—Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina—Laboratório Associado, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal;
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Sak K. Role of semisynthetic flavonoids on cytotoxic chemotherapy—Dual benefit to cancer patients? Toxicology 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-819092-0.00047-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Yang W, Chen X, Li Y, Guo S, Wang Z, Yu X. Advances in Pharmacological Activities of Terpenoids. Nat Prod Commun 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x20903555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Terpenoids, the most abundant compounds in natural products, are a set of important secondary metabolites in plants with diverse structures. Terpenoids play key roles in plant growth and development, response to the environment, and physiological processes. As raw materials, terpenoids were also widely used in pharmaceuticals, food, and cosmetics industries. Terpenoids possess antitumor, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antiviral, antimalarial effects, promote transdermal absorption, prevent and treat cardiovascular diseases, and have hypoglycemic activities. In addition, previous studies have also found that terpenoids have many potential applications, such as insect resistance, immunoregulation, antioxidation, antiaging, and neuroprotection. Terpenoids have a complex structure with diverse effects and different mechanisms of action. Activities and mechanisms of terpenoids were reviewed in this paper. The development and application prospect of terpenoid compounds were also prospected, which provides a useful reference for new drug discovery and drug design based on terpenoids.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xu Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Linyi University, P. R. China
| | - Yanli Li
- School of Pharmacy, Linyi University, P. R. China
| | - Shaofen Guo
- School of Pharmacy, Linyi University, P. R. China
| | - Zhen Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Linyi University, P. R. China
| | - Xiuling Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Linyi University, P. R. China
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Dinavahi SS, Noory MA, Gowda R, Drabick JJ, Berg A, Neves RI, Robertson GP. Moving Synergistically Acting Drug Combinations to the Clinic by Comparing Sequential versus Simultaneous Drug Administrations. Mol Pharmacol 2017; 93:190-196. [PMID: 29242354 DOI: 10.1124/mol.117.110759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug combinations acting synergistically to kill cancer cells have become increasingly important in melanoma as an approach to manage the recurrent resistant disease. Protein kinase B (AKT) is a major target in this disease but its inhibitors are not effective clinically, which is a major concern. Targeting AKT in combination with WEE1 (mitotic inhibitor kinase) seems to have potential to make AKT-based therapeutics effective clinically. Since agents targeting AKT and WEE1 have been tested individually in the clinic, the quickest way to move the drug combination to patients would be to combine these agents sequentially, enabling the use of existing phase I clinical trial toxicity data. Therefore, a rapid preclinical approach is needed to evaluate whether simultaneous or sequential drug treatment has maximal therapeutic efficacy, which is based on a mechanistic rationale. To develop this approach, melanoma cell lines were treated with AKT inhibitor AZD5363 [4-amino-N-[(1S)-1-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-hydroxypropyl]-1-(7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl)piperidine-4-carboxamide] and WEE1 inhibitor AZD1775 [2-allyl-1-(6-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)pyridin-2-yl)-6-((4-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)phenyl)amino)-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidin-3(2H)-one] using simultaneous and sequential dosing schedules. Simultaneous treatment synergistically reduced melanoma cell survival and tumor growth. In contrast, sequential treatment was antagonistic and had a minimal tumor inhibitory effect compared with individual agents. Mechanistically, simultaneous targeting of AKT and WEE1 enhanced deregulation of the cell cycle and DNA damage repair pathways by modulating transcription factors p53 and forkhead box M1, which was not observed with sequential treatment. Thus, this study identifies a rapid approach to assess the drug combinations with a mechanistic basis for selection, which suggests that combining AKT and WEE1 inhibitors is needed for maximal efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saketh S Dinavahi
- Division of Hematology-Oncology (J.J.D.); Departments of Pharmacology (S.S.D., M.A.N., R.G., R.I.N., G.P.R.), Medicine (J.J.D.), Public Health Sciences (A.B.), Dermatology (R.I.N., G.P.R.), Surgery (R.I.N., G.P.R.), and Pathology (G.P.R.); Melanoma and Skin Cancer Center (S.S.D., M.A.N., R.G., J.J.D., A.B., R.I.N., G.P.R.); Foreman Foundation for Melanoma Research (R.G., G.P.R.); and the Melanoma Therapeutics Program (R.G., R.I.N., G.P.R.), Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Mohammad A Noory
- Division of Hematology-Oncology (J.J.D.); Departments of Pharmacology (S.S.D., M.A.N., R.G., R.I.N., G.P.R.), Medicine (J.J.D.), Public Health Sciences (A.B.), Dermatology (R.I.N., G.P.R.), Surgery (R.I.N., G.P.R.), and Pathology (G.P.R.); Melanoma and Skin Cancer Center (S.S.D., M.A.N., R.G., J.J.D., A.B., R.I.N., G.P.R.); Foreman Foundation for Melanoma Research (R.G., G.P.R.); and the Melanoma Therapeutics Program (R.G., R.I.N., G.P.R.), Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Raghavendra Gowda
- Division of Hematology-Oncology (J.J.D.); Departments of Pharmacology (S.S.D., M.A.N., R.G., R.I.N., G.P.R.), Medicine (J.J.D.), Public Health Sciences (A.B.), Dermatology (R.I.N., G.P.R.), Surgery (R.I.N., G.P.R.), and Pathology (G.P.R.); Melanoma and Skin Cancer Center (S.S.D., M.A.N., R.G., J.J.D., A.B., R.I.N., G.P.R.); Foreman Foundation for Melanoma Research (R.G., G.P.R.); and the Melanoma Therapeutics Program (R.G., R.I.N., G.P.R.), Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Joseph J Drabick
- Division of Hematology-Oncology (J.J.D.); Departments of Pharmacology (S.S.D., M.A.N., R.G., R.I.N., G.P.R.), Medicine (J.J.D.), Public Health Sciences (A.B.), Dermatology (R.I.N., G.P.R.), Surgery (R.I.N., G.P.R.), and Pathology (G.P.R.); Melanoma and Skin Cancer Center (S.S.D., M.A.N., R.G., J.J.D., A.B., R.I.N., G.P.R.); Foreman Foundation for Melanoma Research (R.G., G.P.R.); and the Melanoma Therapeutics Program (R.G., R.I.N., G.P.R.), Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Arthur Berg
- Division of Hematology-Oncology (J.J.D.); Departments of Pharmacology (S.S.D., M.A.N., R.G., R.I.N., G.P.R.), Medicine (J.J.D.), Public Health Sciences (A.B.), Dermatology (R.I.N., G.P.R.), Surgery (R.I.N., G.P.R.), and Pathology (G.P.R.); Melanoma and Skin Cancer Center (S.S.D., M.A.N., R.G., J.J.D., A.B., R.I.N., G.P.R.); Foreman Foundation for Melanoma Research (R.G., G.P.R.); and the Melanoma Therapeutics Program (R.G., R.I.N., G.P.R.), Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Rogerio I Neves
- Division of Hematology-Oncology (J.J.D.); Departments of Pharmacology (S.S.D., M.A.N., R.G., R.I.N., G.P.R.), Medicine (J.J.D.), Public Health Sciences (A.B.), Dermatology (R.I.N., G.P.R.), Surgery (R.I.N., G.P.R.), and Pathology (G.P.R.); Melanoma and Skin Cancer Center (S.S.D., M.A.N., R.G., J.J.D., A.B., R.I.N., G.P.R.); Foreman Foundation for Melanoma Research (R.G., G.P.R.); and the Melanoma Therapeutics Program (R.G., R.I.N., G.P.R.), Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Gavin P Robertson
- Division of Hematology-Oncology (J.J.D.); Departments of Pharmacology (S.S.D., M.A.N., R.G., R.I.N., G.P.R.), Medicine (J.J.D.), Public Health Sciences (A.B.), Dermatology (R.I.N., G.P.R.), Surgery (R.I.N., G.P.R.), and Pathology (G.P.R.); Melanoma and Skin Cancer Center (S.S.D., M.A.N., R.G., J.J.D., A.B., R.I.N., G.P.R.); Foreman Foundation for Melanoma Research (R.G., G.P.R.); and the Melanoma Therapeutics Program (R.G., R.I.N., G.P.R.), Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
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Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the most common gynecological malignancy in the United States, and prognosis is generally poor because the disease is often diagnosed at an advanced stage. Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) are a family of serine/threonine kinases whose activity is regulated by CDK inhibitors (CKIs) and cyclins. Generally, cyclins and CKIs promote and inhibit CDK activation, respectively. Since cancer commonly involves dysregulation of cell cycle, cyclins and CDKs have been targeted in a variety of tumors using small molecules, peptides, immunotherapy, and CKIs. In this review we discuss the significance of cell cycle dysregulation in ovarian cancer as well as recent advances targeting CDKs in ovarian cancer and potential future directions. Although many of the studies assessing CDK-targeting therapies in ovarian cancer are at an early preclinical stage, there is significant evidence that targeting CDKs, particularly in combination with traditional platinum-based drugs, could have significant efficacy in ovarian cancer. Nevertheless, before these agents can be investigated in humans, additional preclinical development is needed, including using in vivo tumor models and additional studies into their mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhou
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , The Affiliate Hospital of Guizhou Medical University , Guizhou , China
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Cyclin E as a potential therapeutic target in high grade serous ovarian cancer. Gynecol Oncol 2016; 143:152-158. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2016.07.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Revised: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Walter RFH, Werner R, Ting S, Vollbrecht C, Theegarten D, Christoph DC, Schmid KW, Wohlschlaeger J, Mairinger FD. Identification of deregulation of apoptosis and cell cycle in neuroendocrine tumors of the lung via NanoString nCounter expression analysis. Oncotarget 2016; 6:24690-8. [PMID: 26008974 PMCID: PMC4694788 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Neuroendocrine tumors of the lung comprise typical (TC) and atypical carcinoids (AC), large-cell neuroendocrine cancer (LCNEC) and small-cell lung cancer (SCLC). Cell cycle and apoptosis are key pathways of multicellular homeostasis and deregulation of these pathways is associated with cancerogenesis. Materials and Methods Sixty representative FFPE-specimens (16 TC, 13 AC, 16 LCNEC and 15 SCLC) were used for mRNA expression analysis using the NanoString technique. Eight genes related to apoptosis and ten genes regulating key points of cell cycle were investigated. Results ASCL1, BCL2, CASP8, CCNE1, CDK1, CDK2, CDKN1A and CDKN2A showed lower expression in carcinoids compared to carcinomas. In contrast, CCNE1 and CDK6 showed elevated expression in carcinoids compared to carcinomas. The calculated BCL2/BAX ratio showed increasing values from TC to SCLC. Between SCLC and LCNEC CDK2, CDKN1B, CDKN2A and PNN expression was significantly different with higher expression in SCLC. Conclusion Carcinoids have increased CDK4/6 and CCND1 expression controlling RB1 phosphorylation via this signaling cascade. CDK2 and CCNE1 were increased in carcinomas showing that these use the opposite way to control RB1. BAX and BCL2 are antagonists in regulating apoptosis. BCL2 expression increased over BAX expression with increasing malignancy of the tumor from TC to SCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Fred Henry Walter
- Ruhrlandklinik, West German Lung Center, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.,Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Robert Werner
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Saskia Ting
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | | | - Dirk Theegarten
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Daniel Christian Christoph
- Department of Medical Oncology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Kurt Werner Schmid
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Jeremias Wohlschlaeger
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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Wiernik PH. Alvocidib (flavopiridol) for the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2016; 25:729-34. [PMID: 26998706 DOI: 10.1517/13543784.2016.1169273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Alvocidib, which has orphan drug designation in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) from the FDA and the EMA, is a plant-derived semisynthetic flavone that acts as a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor. It induces apoptosis in CLL cells in vitro and was introduced into clinical trials in CLL as an intravenous infusion in 1997, which proved disappointing. Since the drug avidly binds to plasma proteins, higher serum concentrations were required for clinical antileukemia activity than those suggested by in vitro studies. Subsequent studies utilizing bolus plus infusional doses revealed significant activity against CLL, even in patients with unfavorable characteristics. However, significant toxicity including high rates of major tumor lysis syndrome, cytokine release syndrome and secretory diarrhea were also observed. AREAS COVERED The chemistry, pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics and metabolism of alvocidib are briefly discussed and phase I-II studies in CLL are discussed in detail. To date, no phase III studies in CLL have been reported. EXPERT OPINION A number of much less toxic drugs with similar efficacy against CLL both with and without unfavorable cytogenetics have come to market. Furthermore, enthusiasm for the development of alvocidib as a single agent for the treatment of CLL has waned, primarily due to its toxicity.
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