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Combined Effects of 2-Methoxyestradiol (Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1α Inhibitor) and Dasatinib (A Second-Generation Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor) on Chronic Myelocytic Leukemia Cells. J Immunol Res 2022; 2022:6324326. [PMID: 35528614 PMCID: PMC9071866 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6324326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic myelocytic leukemia (CML) is a frequently encountered type of leukemia in China. Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) serves as one of the most important factors of oxygen balance transcription. The activation of this gene mostly marks a poor outlook for cancer patients. To clarify the therapeutic effect of inhibiting this gene on CML, the present study is aimed at exploring the treatment effects of 2-methoxyestradiol (2-ME2), dasatinib alone, and combined both on K-562 cells and the possible mechanism of 2-ME2 in treating the disorder. The levels of HIF-1α, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and glutamate synthase 1 (GLU1) genes in K-562 cells were affected dose-dependently after 2-ME2 administration. 2-ME2 induced cell apoptosis by downregulating antiapoptotic protein expressions of Bcl-xl and Bcl-2. The therapeutic effect of single 2-ME2 was superior to single dasatinib, and the effect of combined therapy of both drugs produced better effectiveness than either of the single drug. Once the concentration of 2-ME2 exceeded 0.5 μM, downregulated C-myc gene expression could exert roles in anti-CML cell proliferation and inducing apoptosis. Dasatinib might participate in the inhibition of the C-myc pathway during this process whereas its effect remained not clear. Taken together, abnormal high expression of HIF-1α exerted an essential role in CML occurrence and development. Inhibition of this gene could markedly increase cell apoptosis in a dose-dependent fashion. Moreover, 2-ME2 could induce cell apoptosis by downregulating the C-myc gene and exert an apoptotic effect by downregulating Bcl-xl and Bcl-2 which act as antiapoptotic proteins.
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Targeted Next Generation Sequencing for Human Papillomavirus Genotyping in Cervical Liquid-Based Cytology Samples. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14030652. [PMID: 35158920 PMCID: PMC8833452 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14030652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Testing for Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is currently being implemented as part of cervical cancer (CC) screening in several countries. However, infections with all but one of the HPV types classified as possibly carcinogenic cannot be detected by the assays used for CC screening today. The aim of our study was to demonstrate the use of a targeted next generation sequencing (NGS) HPV panel for CC screening—both general practitioner-collected samples and self-samples. We here show that the targeted HPV panel can detect HPV with a sensitivity and specificity similar to commercial HPV assays, one of which is used for CC screening today. However, the targeted HPV panel possess several advantages compared to the screening assays, as it enables specific detection of all relevant HPV types and can identify viral integration, variants in the HPV genome, and dominant HPV types in multi-infected cases. Abstract At present, human papillomavirus (HPV) testing is replacing morphology-based cytology as the primary tool for cervical cancer screening in several countries. However, the HPV assays approved for screening lack detection for all but one of the possibly carcinogenic HPV types and do not genotype all included HPV types. This study demonstrates the use of a targeted HPV next generation sequencing (NGS) panel to detect and genotype all 25 carcinogenic, probably carcinogenic, and possibly carcinogenic HPV types as well as the low-risk types HPV6 and HPV11. The panel was validated using a cohort of 93 paired liquid-based cytology samples (general practitioner (GP)-collected cervical samples and cervico-vaginal self-samples (SS)). Overall, the targeted panel had a sensitivity (GP = 97.7%, SS = 92.1%) and specificity (GP = 98.0%, SS = 96.4%) similar to the commercial HPV assays, Cobas® 4800 HPV DNA test (Roche) and CLART® HPV4S assay (GENOMICA). Interestingly, of the samples that tested positive with the NGS panel, three (6.4%) of the GP-collected samples and four (9.1%) of the self-samples tested positive exclusively for HPV types only included in the NGS panel. Thus, targeted HPV sequencing has great potential to improve the HPV screening programs since, as shown here, it can identify additional HPV positive cases, cases with HPV integration, variants in the HPV genome, and which HPV type is dominant in multi-infected cases.
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Campos RG, Malacara Rosas A, Gutiérrez Santillán E, Delgado Gutiérrez M, Torres Orozco RE, García Martínez ED, Torres Bernal LF, Rosas Cabral A. Unusual prevalence of high-risk genotypes of human papillomavirus in a group of women with neoplastic lesions and cervical cancer from Central Mexico. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0215222. [PMID: 30998701 PMCID: PMC6474327 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0215222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Human papillomavirus has been identified as a main etiological agent in the
development of cervical cancer. HPV 16 and 18 have been reported the most widely
prevalent genotypes worldwide. We conducted a study analyzing the prevalence of
high and low risk human papillomavirus viral types in the Mexican state of
Aguascalientes and neighboring cities in the states of Jalisco and Zacatecas in
central Mexico. Specific viral genotype was determined by a PCR and
hybridization-based detection test. The presence of 37 high- and low-risk HPV
genotypes was evaluated in 883 female participants. Of these, 350 presented
low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LGSIL), 176 presented high-grade
squamous intraepithelial lesions (HGSIL), 107 suffered from cervical cancer and
250 women with negative cytological report for intraepithelial lesion or
malignancy (NILM). HPV 51 was the most prevalent genotype, followed by HPV 16:
overall prevalence of HPV 51, including single infections and co-infections was
31.2% in women with LGSIL, whereas prevalence of HPV 16 was 25.1%. Among women
with HGSIL, HPV 51 prevalence was 47.2% and HPV 16 was 30.1%. Prevalence of HPV
51 in women with cervical cancer was 49.5% and type 16 was 33.6%. Between single
and co-infections, most co-infections were not associated with later stages of
the disease, except 51/16 and some others. HPV 51 showed a significant
correlation with the progression of the disease (OR = 10.81 for LGSIL, 19.38 for
HGSIL and 22.95 for ICC), and when analyzing all other genotypes, five different
groups depending on their correlation with all lesion grades were determined.
According to our findings, HPV genotype 51 has a higher prevalence than HPV 16
and 18 in the Mexican state of Aguascalientes and neighboring cities in the
states of Jalisco and Zacatecas in Central Mexico.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Gutiérrez Campos
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Basic Sciences, Autonomous University
of Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, México
- * E-mail:
| | - Angélica Malacara Rosas
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Basic Sciences, Autonomous University
of Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, México
| | - Elvia Gutiérrez Santillán
- Hospital General de Zona Número 6, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social,
Monterrey, Nuevo León, México
| | - Mireya Delgado Gutiérrez
- Hospital General de Zona Número 1, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social,
Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, México
| | - Rusland Enrique Torres Orozco
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Basic Sciences, Autonomous University
of Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, México
| | - Elí Daniel García Martínez
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Basic Sciences, Autonomous University
of Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, México
| | - Luis Fernando Torres Bernal
- Department of Medicine, Center for Health Sciences, Autonomous University
of Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, México
| | - Alejandro Rosas Cabral
- Department of Medicine, Center for Health Sciences, Autonomous University
of Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, México
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IFN α-Expressing Amniotic Fluid-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Migrate to and Suppress HeLa Cell-Derived Tumors in a Mouse Model. Stem Cells Int 2018; 2018:1241323. [PMID: 29760719 PMCID: PMC5901954 DOI: 10.1155/2018/1241323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Immunotherapy for cervical cancer with type I interferon (IFN) is limited because of the cytotoxicity that accompanies the high doses that are administered. In this study, we investigated the utilization of amniotic fluid-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AF-MSCs) as a means for delivering IFNα to local tumor sites for the suppression of cervical cancer in a mouse model using HeLa cell xenografts. Methods The tumor tropism ability of AF-MSCs and AF-MSCs genetically modified to overexpress IFNα (IFNα-AF-MSCs) was examined through Transwell in vitro and through fluorescent images and immunohistochemistry in a mouse model. Tumor size and tumor apoptosis were observed to evaluate the efficacy of the targeting therapy. Mechanistically, tumor cell apoptosis was detected by cytometry and TUNEL, and oncogenic proteins c-Myc, p53, and Bcl-2 as well as microvessel density were detected by immunohistochemistry. Results In this model, intravenously injected AF-MSCs selectively migrated to the tumor sites, participated in tumor construction, and promoted tumor growth. After being genetically modified to overexpress IFNα, the IFNα-AF-MSCs maintained their tumor tropism but could significantly suppress tumor growth. The restrictive efficacy of IFNα-AF-MSCs was associated with the suppression of angiogenesis, inhibition of tumor cell proliferation, and induction of apoptosis in tumor cells. Neither AF-MSCs nor IFNα-AF-MSCs trigger tumor formation. Conclusions IFNα-AF-MSC-based therapy is feasible and shows potential for treating cervical cancer, suggesting that AF-MSCs may be promising vehicles for delivering targeted anticancer therapy.
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Shen C, Liu Y, Shi S, Zhang R, Zhang T, Xu Q, Zhu P, Chen X, Lu F. Long-distance interaction of the integrated HPV fragment with MYC gene and 8q24.22 region upregulating the allele-specific MYC expression in HeLa cells. Int J Cancer 2017; 141:540-548. [PMID: 28470669 PMCID: PMC5518216 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.30763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Revised: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is the most important risk factor for cervical cancer development. In HeLa cell line, the HPV viral genome is integrated at 8q24 in one allele of chromosome 8. It has been reported that the HPV fragment integrated in HeLa genome can cis‐activate the expression of proto‐oncogene MYC, which is located at 500 kb downstream of the integrated site. However, the underlying molecular mechanism of this regulation is unknown. A recent study reported that MYC was highly expressed exclusively from the HPV‐integrated haplotype, and a long‐range chromatin interaction between the integrated HPV fragment and MYC gene has been hypothesized. In this study, we provided the experimental evidences supporting this long‐range chromatin interaction in HeLa cells by using Chromosome Conformation Capture (3C) method. We found that the integrated HPV fragment, MYC and 8q24.22 was close to each other and might form a trimer in spatial location. When knocking out the integrated HPV fragment or 8q24.22 region from chromosome 8 by CRISPR/Cas9 system, the expression of MYC reduced dramatically in HeLa cells. Interestingly, decreased expression was only observed in three from eight cell clones, when only one 8q24.22 allele was knocked out. Functionally, HPV knockout caused senescence‐associated acidic β‐gal activity in HeLa cells. These data indicate a long‐distance interaction of the integrated HPV fragment with MYC gene and 8q24.22 region, providing an alternative mechanism relevant to the carcinogenicity of HPV integration. What's new? Infection with human papillomavirus (HPV) is a well‐established risk factor for cervical cancer. The mechanism by which HPV integration into the host genome influences cervical oncogenesis, however, is not fully understood. Using chromosome conformation capture, the authors of this study provide evidence for carcinogenic involvement of a long‐range chromatin interaction between integrated HPV fragments, the proto‐oncogene MYC, and the 8q24.22 chromosomal region in HeLa cells. Knock‐out of either the integrated HPV fragment or the 8q24.22 region in HeLa cells significantly reduced MYC expression. The findings offer an alternative explanation for the carcinogenic mechanism of HPV viral genome integration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congle Shen
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yongzhen Liu
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Shu Shi
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Ruiyang Zhang
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Qiang Xu
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Pengfei Zhu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiangmei Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Fengmin Lu
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
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Degli Esposti D, Sklias A, Lima SC, Beghelli-de la Forest Divonne S, Cahais V, Fernandez-Jimenez N, Cros MP, Ecsedi S, Cuenin C, Bouaoun L, Byrnes G, Accardi R, Sudaka A, Giordanengo V, Hernandez-Vargas H, Pinto LFR, Van Obberghen-Schilling E, Herceg Z. Unique DNA methylation signature in HPV-positive head and neck squamous cell carcinomas. Genome Med 2017; 9:33. [PMID: 28381277 PMCID: PMC5382363 DOI: 10.1186/s13073-017-0419-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs) represent a heterogeneous group of cancers for which human papilloma virus (HPV) infection is an emerging risk factor. Previous studies showed promoter hypermethylation in HPV(+) oropharyngeal cancers, but only few consistent target genes have been so far described, and the evidence of a functional impact on gene expression is still limited. METHODS We performed global and stratified pooled analyses of epigenome-wide data in HNSCCs based on the Illumina HumanMethylation450 bead-array data in order to identify tissue-specific components and common viral epigenetic targets in HPV-associated tumours. RESULTS We identified novel differentially methylated CpGs and regions associated with viral infection that are independent of the anatomic site. In particular, most hypomethylated regions were characterized by a marked loss of CpG island boundaries, which showed significant correlations with expression of neighbouring genes. Moreover, a subset of only five CpGs in a few hypomethylated regions predicted HPV status with a high level of specificity in different cohorts. Finally, this signature was a better predictor of survival compared with HPV status determined by viral gene expression by RNA sequencing in The Cancer Genome Atlas cohort. CONCLUSIONS We identified a novel epigenetic signature of HPV infection in HNSCCs which is independent of the anatomic site, is functionally correlated with gene expression and may be leveraged for improved stratification of prognosis in HNSCCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Degli Esposti
- Epigenetics Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 150 Cours Albert Thomas, 69008, Lyon, France.
| | - Athena Sklias
- Epigenetics Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 150 Cours Albert Thomas, 69008, Lyon, France
| | - Sheila C Lima
- Instituto Nacional de Cancer, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Vincent Cahais
- Epigenetics Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 150 Cours Albert Thomas, 69008, Lyon, France
| | - Nora Fernandez-Jimenez
- Epigenetics Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 150 Cours Albert Thomas, 69008, Lyon, France
| | - Marie-Pierre Cros
- Epigenetics Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 150 Cours Albert Thomas, 69008, Lyon, France
| | - Szilvia Ecsedi
- Epigenetics Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 150 Cours Albert Thomas, 69008, Lyon, France
- MTA-DE Public Health Research Group, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Cyrille Cuenin
- Epigenetics Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 150 Cours Albert Thomas, 69008, Lyon, France
| | - Liacine Bouaoun
- Environment Section, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 150 Cours Albert Thomas, 69008, Lyon, France
| | - Graham Byrnes
- Environment Section, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 150 Cours Albert Thomas, 69008, Lyon, France
| | - Rosita Accardi
- Infection Cancer Biology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 150 Cours Albert Thomas, 69008, Lyon, France
| | - Anne Sudaka
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Inserm, Institut de Biologie Valrose (iBV), 06100, Nice, France
- Centre Antoine Lacassagne, Nice, 06189, France
| | - Valérie Giordanengo
- Université Côte d'Azur, Laboratoire de Virologie, CHU Nice-Archet, 06202, Nice, France
| | - Hector Hernandez-Vargas
- Epigenetics Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 150 Cours Albert Thomas, 69008, Lyon, France
| | | | - Ellen Van Obberghen-Schilling
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Inserm, Institut de Biologie Valrose (iBV), 06100, Nice, France.
- Centre Antoine Lacassagne, Nice, 06189, France.
| | - Zdenko Herceg
- Epigenetics Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 150 Cours Albert Thomas, 69008, Lyon, France.
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Abstract
Persistent infection with high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) genotypes is the leading cause of cervical cancer development. To this end several studies have focused on designing molecular assays for HPV genotyping, which are considered as the gold standard for the early diagnosis of HPV infection. Moreover, the tendency of HPV DNA to be integrated into the host chromosome is a determining event for cervical oncogenesis. Thus, the establishment of molecular techniques was promoted in order to investigate the physical status of the HPV DNA and the locus of viral insertion into the host chromosome. The molecular approaches that have been developed recently facilitate the collection of a wide spectrum of valuable information specific to each individual patient and therefore can significantly contribute to the establishment of a personalised prognosis, diagnosis and treatment of HPV-positive patients. The present review focuses on state of the art molecular assays for HPV detection and genotyping for intra-lesion analyses, it examines molecular approaches for the determination of HPV-DNA physical status and it discusses the criteria for selecting the most appropriate regions of viral DNA to be incorporated in HPV genotyping and in the determination of HPV-DNA physical status.
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Determination of malignant potential of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. Tumour Biol 2015; 37:1521-5. [PMID: 26695139 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-4677-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Basic diagnostic procedures in cervical cancer screening are able to set the diagnosis but they do not provide any information about the biological nature and behavior of lesions. The causal link of HPV infection and cervical cancer and discoveries of complex interactions between host and HPV genome opened new possibilities in molecular diagnostics. HPV DNA analysis, determination of viral load, detection of E6 and E7 mRNA transcripts, identifying of methylation profiles, genomic changes, miRNAs, and telomerase activity should be the right choice for exact diagnostics and prediction of behavior of premalignant lesions of the cervix. These findings set a completely new light not only in diagnostic but also in management and treatment of cervical dysplasia and cervical cancer.
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