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Yiliyasi Y, Wusainahong K, An L, Liu Q, Fan Z, Fan J. Co-Culture of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells Regulates the Fibrotic Response of Endometrial Stromal Cells. J BIOMATER TISS ENG 2022. [DOI: 10.1166/jbt.2022.3011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This study explored the protective effects and mechanisms of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) on the fibrotic response of endometrial stromal cells. The endometrial cells were isolated from intrauterine adhesions (IUA) patients and assigned into control group, TGF-β1
group, BMSC group which was co-cultured with BMSCs in presence of TGF-β1; Exo group (treated with BMSCs-originated exosomes); Exo-inhibitor group (treated with exosome-specific inhibitors) followed by analysis of α-SMA and Vimentin level, cell viability and expression
of TGFBR2, TGFβ-1, Fibronectin (FN), α-SMA, Collagen 1α1 (Col1a1), Smad2/3 and p-Smad2/3. After TGF-β1 treatment, cells exhibited higher expression of p-Smad2/3, TGFBR2, FN, TGF-SMA and COL1A1 along with reduced cell proliferation. However,
BMSCs-originated exosomes or co-culture with BMSCs reversed these changes which could be inverted by exosome-specific inhibitors. In conclusion, BMSCs-originated exosomes and BMSCs exerted an anti-fibrosis effect, which was possibly through regulation of TGFβ1/Smad2/Smad3 signalling
pathway in endometrial stromal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilinuer Yiliyasi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beijing Changping District Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102200, China
| | - Kunduozi Wusainahong
- Department of Gynaecology, People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830001, China
| | - Liping An
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beijing Changping District Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102200, China
| | - Qinghua Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beijing Changping District Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102200, China
| | - ZeLing Fan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beijing Changping District Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102200, China
| | - JunHua Fan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beijing Changping District Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102200, China
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Allam E, Abdel Moniem R, Soliman G. Functional and structural assessment of the possible protective effect of platelet-rich plasma against ischemia/reperfusion-induced ovarian injury in adult rats. CHINESE J PHYSIOL 2022; 65:64-71. [DOI: 10.4103/cjp.cjp_3_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
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Albazee E, Al-Rshoud F, Almahmoud L, Al Omari B, Alnifise M, Baradwan S, Abu-Zaid A. Platelet-rich plasma for the management of intrauterine adhesions: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Gynecol Obstet Hum Reprod 2021; 51:102276. [PMID: 34856385 DOI: 10.1016/j.jogoh.2021.102276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the efficacy of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) infusion after adhesiolysis in patients with intrauterine adhesions (IUAs) by establishing the evidence from published randomized controlled trials (RCTs). METHODS PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), and Google Scholar databases were screened from inception till June 2021. Risk of bias of included studies was evaluated according to the Cochrane's Collaboration tool. The efficacy endpoints were summarized as risk ratio (RR) or mean difference (MD) with 95% confidence interval (CI) under the fixed-effects model. RESULTS Three RCTs met the inclusion criteria, comprising a total of 260 patients (132 and 128 patients were allocated to PRP and control groups, respectively). The RCTs revealed an overall low risk of bias. Compared with the control group, the PRP group had a statistically significant higher rate of patients with IUAs grade I-II after intervention (n = 3 RCTs, RR=1.23, 95% CI [1.11 to 1.36], p<0.001), higher duration of menstrual menses after intervention (n = 3 RCTs, MD=1.13 days, 95% CI [0.86 to 1.41], p<0.001), and higher amount of menstrual menses after intervention (n = 3 RCTs, MD=2.96 pads, 95% CI [0.31 to 3.61], p<0.001). All pooled analyses were homogeneous. CONCLUSION PRP treatment after hysteroscopic adhesiolysis is effective in decreasing the IUA grade and improving the duration and amount of menstrual menses. Nonetheless, additional RCTs are warranted to validate these conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lina Almahmoud
- Faculty of Medicine, Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Bayan Al Omari
- Faculty of Medicine, Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
| | | | - Saeed Baradwan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Abu-Zaid
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; College of Graduate Health Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA.
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Effectiveness of Platelet-Rich Plasma in the Prevention of Chlamydia-Induced Hydrosalpinx in a Murine Model. Reprod Sci 2020; 28:1031-1040. [PMID: 32989630 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-020-00329-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Chlamydia trachomatis (C. trachomatis) is a major pathogen implicated in the formation of hydrosalpinx in the female reproductive tract. In mice, a related strain of Chlamydia, Chlamydia trachomatis (C. trachomatis) can induce almost 100% bilateral hydrosalpinx. This model was used as a hydrosalpinx induction model to test whether oviduct delivery of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) can attenuate chlamydia induction of hydrosalpinx in a mouse model. Mice were infected intravaginally with Chlamydia muridarum organisms, and 21 days after the infection, PRP was instilled into the lumen of one oviduct, and a sham instillation with phosphate buffer solution was performed on the contralateral oviduct. Mice were then sacrificed at designated time points after infection for oviduct pathologic evaluation including incidence, severity, and histopathologic grade of chronic inflammation. Oviduct instillation of PRP was associated with a 36% reduction in the incidence of hydrosalpinx and a 33% reduction in severity compared with sham. The median grade of chronic inflammation on histopathology was significantly lower with PRP instillation compared with sham and control. No differences were observed in vaginal or rectal shedding of C. muridarum between the test group and the control group. In short, the results suggest that oviduct instillation of PRP can significantly reduce the incidence and severity of C. muridarum-induced hydrosalpinx without affecting chlamydial infection courses in CBA/J mice.
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Turan E, Ayhan B, Kargın S, Doğru O, Uğraş NS. Evaluation of the efficacy of platelet-rich plasma in preventing postoperative intraabdominal adhesions. Turk J Surg 2020; 36:53-58. [PMID: 32637876 DOI: 10.5578/turkjsurg.4421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Postoperative intraabdominal adhesions still maintain their currency as serious causes of morbidity and mortality. This study aimed at evaluating the role of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) in the prevention of intraabdominal adhesions. Material and Methods A total of 16 healthy rabbits were used within the scope of the study. The animals were allocated into two groups as Group 1 (control group) and Group 2 (study group). In all subjects, cecal abrasion was formed by laparotomy. In the study group, platelet rich plasma was administered intraabdominally. At the end of the study, the adhesions were evaluated by Nair's Score. Results Total adhesion score in Group 1 was 8, while the mean score was 1. On the other hand, total adhesion score in Group 2 was 12, while the mean score was 1.5. There was no statistical difference between both groups by total adhesion score and mean fibrosis score. However, mean scores for inflammatory cell infiltration and angiogenesis were higher in Group 2 and the differences were statistically significant (p= 0.021). Conclusion We were not able to report the positive results of PRP; however, we believe that we shed an important light for future studies which might be conducted using the combination of different methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ersin Turan
- Clinic of General Surgery, Beyhekim State Hospital, Konya, Turkey
| | - Barış Ayhan
- Clinic of General Surgery, Private Akademi Hospital, Konya, Turkey
| | - Süleyman Kargın
- Department of General Surgery, KTO Karatay University School of Medicine, Konya, Turkey
| | - Osman Doğru
- Clinic of General Surgery, Konya Training and Research Hospital, Konya, Turkey
| | - Nevzat Serdar Uğraş
- Department of General Surgery, Selcuk University School of Medicine, Konya, Turkey
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Nazari L, Salehpour S, Hosseini MS, Hashemi Moghanjoughi P. The effects of autologous platelet-rich plasma in repeated implantation failure: a randomized controlled trial. HUM FERTIL 2019; 23:209-213. [DOI: 10.1080/14647273.2019.1569268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Leila Nazari
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Preventative Gynecology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saghar Salehpour
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Preventative Gynecology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Sadat Hosseini
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Preventative Gynecology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parisa Hashemi Moghanjoughi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Preventative Gynecology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Alser OH, Goutos I. The evidence behind the use of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) in scar management: a literature review. Scars Burn Heal 2018. [PMID: 30479843 DOI: 10.1177/2059513118808773]] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Autologous platelet-based concentrates represent increasingly popular adjuncts to a variety of medical, surgical and aesthetic interventions. Their beneficial potential rests on the ability to deliver a high concentration of growth factors to the target tissues. There are currently no reports in the literature appraising the evidence behind the use of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) in scar management. Methods A detailed English literature review was conducted using PubMed Medline, Embase and Web of Science; the manuscripts were appraised and classified according to the Joanna Briggs Institute Levels of evidence. The results are presented in descending order of evidence separately for atrophic, keloid, surgical and traumatic scars. Discussion On the basis of level 1 evidence currently available, it appears that PRP can improve the quality of atrophic acne scars treated with ablative fractional CO2 laser and decrease the duration of laser-related side effects including oedema and erythema. Regarding surgical scars, the current data suggest that PRP may improve wound healing and early scar quality; furthermore, incorporation of PRP in fat-grafting procedures undertaken in conjunction with non-ablative, fractional laser can contribute to better wound healing as well as a significant improvement in texture, colour and contour in traumatic scar resurfacing. There are no high level studies at present to support the incorporation of autologous platelet-based concentrates in the management of keloid scars. Conclusion PRP is a promising adjunct in scar management practice. Further research with long-term follow-up is warranted to delineate the value of this modality in different subtypes of scars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osaid H Alser
- Centre for Cutaneous Research, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, 4 Newark Street, London E1 2AT, UK
| | - Ioannis Goutos
- Centre for Cutaneous Research, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, 4 Newark Street, London E1 2AT, UK
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The sticky business of adhesion prevention in minimally invasive gynecologic surgery. Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol 2018; 29:266-275. [PMID: 28582326 DOI: 10.1097/gco.0000000000000372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The negative impact of postoperative adhesions has long been recognized, but available options for prevention remain limited. Minimally invasive surgery is associated with decreased adhesion formation due to meticulous dissection with gentile tissue handling, improved hemostasis, and limiting exposure to reactive foreign material; however, there is conflicting evidence on the clinical significance of adhesion-related disease when compared to open surgery. Laparoscopic surgery does not guarantee the prevention of adhesions because longer operative times and high insufflation pressure can promote adhesion formation. Adhesion barriers have been available since the 1980s, but uptake among surgeons remains low and there is no clear evidence that they reduce clinically significant outcomes such as chronic pain or infertility. In this article, we review the ongoing magnitude of adhesion-related complications in gynecologic surgery, currently available interventions and new research toward more effective adhesion prevention. RECENT FINDINGS Recent literature provides updated epidemiologic data and estimates of healthcare costs associated with adhesion-related complications. There have been important advances in our understanding of normal peritoneal healing and the pathophysiology of adhesions. Adhesion barriers continue to be tested for safety and effectiveness and new agents have shown promise in clinical studies. Finally, there are many experimental studies of new materials and pharmacologic and biologic prevention agents. SUMMARY There is great interest in new adhesion prevention technologies, but new agents are unlikely to be available for clinical use for many years. High-quality effectiveness and outcomes-related research is still needed.
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Tong S, Yin J, Liu J. Platelet-rich plasma has beneficial effects in mice with osteonecrosis of the femoral head by promoting angiogenesis. Exp Ther Med 2018; 15:1781-1788. [PMID: 29434765 PMCID: PMC5776555 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.5655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is autologous and multifunctional. Platelet concentrate from blood contains highly concentrated platelets and various types of cells, including growth factors. PRP promotes the recovery of cell proliferation and differentiation. Osteonecrosis of the femoral head is a disease caused by femoral head damage or an insufficient blood supply, which leads to the death of bone cells and abnormal bone marrow composition. The subsequent repair of bone cells may result in changes to the structure of femoral head, femoral head collapse and joint dysfunction. PRP may promote the repair of injured articular cartilage in patients with joint diseases through the removal of harmful inflammatory factors. In the present study, the therapeutic effects and primary mechanism of PRP action were investigated using a glucocorticoid-induced femoral head osteonecrosis mouse model. Dexamethasone (DEX) and phosphate-buffered saline were used as controls. The therapeutic efficacy of PRP to treat osteonecrosis in murine femoral heads was evaluated by assessing clinical arthritis scores. The present study indicated that mice with osteonecrosis of the femoral head treated with PRP exhibited downregulated expression of interleukin (IL)-17A, IL-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α, receptor activator of nuclear factor κ-B ligand, IL-6 and interferon-γ in the inflammatory tissue. In addition, the levels of hepatocyte growth factor, intercellular adhesion molecule-1, osteopontin, platelet-derived endothelial cell growth factor, vascular endothelial growth factor, platelet-derived growth factor, insulin-like growth factor-1 and transforming growth factor-β were increased following treatment with PRP. Joint tissue histological staining demonstrated that PRP alleviated osteonecrosis of the femoral head and reduced humoral and cellular immune responses that promoted beneficial effects on the histological parameters. Furthermore, the concentration of glucocorticoids were significantly decreased in the serum of PRP-treated mice with osteonecrosis compared with the DEX group (P<0.01). Notably, PRP promoted beneficial effects in mice with osteonecrosis of the femoral head by stimulating angiogenesis. Therefore, the present study indicated that treatment with PRP promotes beneficial effects by preventing joint inflammation, cartilage destruction and bone damage, and stimulating the repair of joint tissue in mice with osteonecrosis of the femoral head. These preclinical data suggest that PRP may be developed as a novel method of treating osteonecrosis of the femoral head.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shichao Tong
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200231, P.R. China
| | - Jimin Yin
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200231, P.R. China
| | - Ji Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Ruijin Hospital of Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, P.R. China
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Alser OH, Goutos I. The evidence behind the use of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) in scar management: a literature review. Scars Burn Heal 2018; 4:2059513118808773. [PMID: 30479843 PMCID: PMC6243404 DOI: 10.1177/2059513118808773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Autologous platelet-based concentrates represent increasingly popular adjuncts to a variety of medical, surgical and aesthetic interventions. Their beneficial potential rests on the ability to deliver a high concentration of growth factors to the target tissues. There are currently no reports in the literature appraising the evidence behind the use of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) in scar management. METHODS A detailed English literature review was conducted using PubMed Medline, Embase and Web of Science; the manuscripts were appraised and classified according to the Joanna Briggs Institute Levels of evidence. The results are presented in descending order of evidence separately for atrophic, keloid, surgical and traumatic scars. DISCUSSION On the basis of level 1 evidence currently available, it appears that PRP can improve the quality of atrophic acne scars treated with ablative fractional CO2 laser and decrease the duration of laser-related side effects including oedema and erythema. Regarding surgical scars, the current data suggest that PRP may improve wound healing and early scar quality; furthermore, incorporation of PRP in fat-grafting procedures undertaken in conjunction with non-ablative, fractional laser can contribute to better wound healing as well as a significant improvement in texture, colour and contour in traumatic scar resurfacing. There are no high level studies at present to support the incorporation of autologous platelet-based concentrates in the management of keloid scars. CONCLUSION PRP is a promising adjunct in scar management practice. Further research with long-term follow-up is warranted to delineate the value of this modality in different subtypes of scars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osaid H Alser
- Centre for Cutaneous Research, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, 4 Newark Street, London E1 2AT, UK
| | - Ioannis Goutos
- Centre for Cutaneous Research, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, 4 Newark Street, London E1 2AT, UK
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Martín-Solé O, Rodó J, García-Aparicio L, Blanch J, Cusí V, Albert A. Effects of Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP) on a Model of Renal Ischemia-Reperfusion in Rats. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0160703. [PMID: 27551718 PMCID: PMC4994962 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0160703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal ischemia-reperfusion injury is a major cause of acute renal failure, causing renal cell death, a permanent decrease of renal blood flow, organ dysfunction and chronic kidney disease. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is an autologous product rich in growth factors, and therefore able to promote tissue regeneration and angiogenesis. This product has proven its efficacy in multiple studies, but has not yet been tested on kidney tissue. The aim of this work is to evaluate whether the application of PRP to rat kidneys undergoing ischemia-reperfusion reduces mid-term kidney damage. A total of 30 monorrenal Sprague-Dawley male rats underwent renal ischemia-reperfusion for 45 minutes. During ischemia, PRP (PRP Group, n = 15) or saline solution (SALINE Group, n = 15) was administered by subcapsular renal injection. Control kidneys were the contralateral organs removed immediately before the start of ischemia in the remaining kidneys. Survival, body weight, renal blood flow on Doppler ultrasound, kidney weight, kidney volume, blood biochemistry and histopathology were determined for all subjects and kidneys, as applicable. Correlations between these variables were searched for. The PRP Group showed significantly worse kidney blood flow (p = 0.045) and more histopathological damage (p<0.0001). Correlations were found between body weight, kidney volume, kidney weight, renal blood flow, histology, and serum levels of creatinine and urea. Our study provides the first evidence that treatment with PRP results in the deterioration of the kidney’s response to ischemia-reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oriol Martín-Solé
- Unit of Pediatric Urology, Department of Pediatric Surgery, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- * E-mail:
| | - Joan Rodó
- Unit of Pediatric Urology, Department of Pediatric Surgery, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lluís García-Aparicio
- Unit of Pediatric Urology, Department of Pediatric Surgery, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Blanch
- Department of Pediatric Radiology, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Victoria Cusí
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Asteria Albert
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Response to the Letter to the Editor-Re: A randomized controlled experimental study of the efficacy of platelet-rich plasma and hyaluronic acid for the prevention of adhesion formation in a rat uterine horn model. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2016; 294:667. [PMID: 27324784 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-016-4132-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Ata E, Yılmaz A, Tekin L. Re: A randomized controlled experimental study of the efficacy of platelet-rich plasma and hyaluronic acid for the prevention of adhesion formation in a rat uterine horn model. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2016; 294:665. [PMID: 27262726 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-016-4131-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emre Ata
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, GATA Haydarpaşa Training Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Ali Yılmaz
- Department of Obstetric and Gynecology, GATA Haydarpaşa Training Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Levent Tekin
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, GATA Haydarpaşa Training Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey.
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