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Dadachanji R, Khavale S, Joshi N, Patil A, Mukherjee S. Susceptibility loci identified in Han Chinese influence genetic predisposition of PCOS in Indian women. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:160. [PMID: 38252377 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-09004-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a multifactorial disorder characterized by a broad spectrum of reproductive and metabolic perturbations, necessitating early timely diagnosis and management. PCOS is a multigenic disorder and ample evidence from family based, candidate gene and genome-wide association studies (GWAS) has implicated genetic factors in development and progression of PCOS. The first GWASs in Han Chinese population revealed prominent gene loci to be strong contenders in the etiopathogenesis of PCOS. However, different ethnic and geographical settings impact the genetic association pattern of PCOS. METHODS AND RESULTS In the current case-control replication study, we have genotyped previously identified polymorphisms viz. rs2479106 and rs10818854 of DENND1A and rs13405728 of LHCGR, rs4385527 and rs3802457 of c9orf3, rs705702 of RAB5B and rs1894116 of YAP1 in control (N = 247) and PCOS (N = 504) women by Sanger sequencing, and their association with PCOS susceptibility and its related traits was investigated. We found significant association of rs4385527 of c9orf3 and rs1894116 of YAP1 with decreased and increased PCOS susceptibility respectively in non-hyperandrogenic women. Trend towards association was also noted for rs2479106 of DENND1A and rs705702 of RAB5B. Additionally, polymorphisms also showed association with metabolic and androgen related traits in both controls and hyper- and non-hyperandrogenic women with PCOS. CONCLUSIONS Thus, this study shows that some, but not all polymorphisms previously identified in Han Chinese women, could contribute to the genetic pathophysiology of PCOS in Indian women, accentuating essentiality of conducting replication studies to elucidate the genetic predisposition profile of PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roshan Dadachanji
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Reproductive and Child Health, J.M. Street, Parel, Parel, Mumbai, 400012, India
| | - Sushma Khavale
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Reproductive and Child Health, J.M. Street, Parel, Parel, Mumbai, 400012, India
| | - Nanda Joshi
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Reproductive and Child Health, J.M. Street, Parel, Parel, Mumbai, 400012, India
| | - Anushree Patil
- Department of Clinical Research, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Reproductive and Child Health, Parel, Mumbai, 400012, India
| | - Srabani Mukherjee
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Reproductive and Child Health, J.M. Street, Parel, Parel, Mumbai, 400012, India.
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Nisa KU, Tarfeen N, Mir SA, Waza AA, Ahmad MB, Ganai BA. Molecular Mechanisms in the Etiology of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS): A Multifaceted Hypothesis Towards the Disease with Potential Therapeutics. Indian J Clin Biochem 2024; 39:18-36. [PMID: 38223007 PMCID: PMC10784448 DOI: 10.1007/s12291-023-01130-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/28/2023]
Abstract
Among the premenopausal women, Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is the most prevalent endocrinopathy affecting the reproductive system and metabolic rhythms leading to disrupted menstrual cycle. Being heterogeneous in nature it is characterized by complex symptomology of oligomennorhoea, excess of androgens triggering masculine phenotypic appearance and/or multiple follicular ovaries. The etiology of this complex disorder remains somewhat doubtful and the researchers hypothesize multisystem links in the pathogenesis of this disease. In this review, we attempt to present several hypotheses that tend to contribute to the etiology of PCOS. Metabolic inflexibility, aberrant pattern of gonadotropin signaling along with the evolutionary, genetic and environmental factors have been discussed. Considered a lifelong endocrinological implication, no universal treatment is available for PCOS so far however; multiple drug therapy is often advised along with simple life style intervention is mainly advised to manage its cardinal symptoms. Here we aimed to present a summarized view of pathophysiological links of PCOS with potential therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khair Ul Nisa
- Department of Environmental Science, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, 190006 India
- Centre of Research for Development (CORD), University of Kashmir, Srinagar, 190006 India
| | - Najeebul Tarfeen
- Centre of Research for Development (CORD), University of Kashmir, Srinagar, 190006 India
| | - Shahnaz Ahmad Mir
- Department of Endocrinology, Government Medical College, Shireen Bagh, Srinagar, 190010 India
| | - Ajaz Ahmad Waza
- Multidisciplinary Research Unit (MRU), Government Medical Collage (GMC), Srinagar, 190010 India
| | - Mir Bilal Ahmad
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, 190006 India
| | - Bashir Ahmad Ganai
- Centre of Research for Development (CORD), University of Kashmir, Srinagar, 190006 India
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Sudhakaran G, Babu SR, Mahendra H, Arockiaraj J. Updated experimental cellular models to study polycystic ovarian syndrome. Life Sci 2023; 322:121672. [PMID: 37028548 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) develops due to hormonal imbalance and hyperandrogenism. Animal models are widely used to study PCOS because they mimic essential characteristics of human PCOS; however, the pathogenesis of PCOS remains unclear. Different sources of novel drugs are currently being screened as therapeutic strategies to alleviate PCOS and its symptoms. Simplified cell line in-vitro models could be preliminarily used to screen the bioactivity of various drugs. This review describes different cell line models focusing on the PCOS condition and its complications. Therefore, the bioactivity of the drugs could be preliminarily screened in a cell line model before moving to higher animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gokul Sudhakaran
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, 603 203 Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sarvesh Ramesh Babu
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, 603 203 Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Hridai Mahendra
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, 603 203 Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Jesu Arockiaraj
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, 603 203 Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Replication study and meta-analysis of selected genetic variants and polycystic ovary syndrome susceptibility in Asian population. J Assist Reprod Genet 2021; 38:2781-2789. [PMID: 34403018 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-021-02291-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a highly complex disorder influenced by genetic and environmental factors. Previous association studies have identified multiple PCOS-susceptible loci, but there is no consistent conclusion, which calls for further investigations. METHODS In the present case-control study, FSHR gene variants (rs2268361, rs6165, and rs6166), LHCGR gene variant (rs13405728), THADA gene variant (rs13429458), DENND1A gene variants (rs10818854 and rs2479106), and INSR gene variants (rs2059807 and rs1799817) were genotyped with Sanger sequencing in a total of 400 PCOS women and 480 healthy women. RESULTS After Bonferroni correction, our results showed that rs13405728, rs13429458, rs2479106, rs10818854, and rs2059807 were significantly associated with PCOS risk in Chinese women. To improve the statistical strength, a further meta-analysis in Asian population was conducted. Although rs6166 and rs1799817 were not associated with PCOS risk in the present study, they were identified to be strongly associated with PCOS risk in the pooled Koreans and Chinese respectively. No significant association with PCOS risk was consistently found for rs2268361 or rs6165. Moreover, the pooled results further confirmed the significant association with PCOS risk for rs13405728, rs13429458, rs2479106, rs10818854, and rs2059807. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, the rs6166, rs13405728, rs13429458, rs2479106, rs10818854, rs2059807, and rs1799817 may indeed be the genetic risk factors for PCOS in Asian population, which requires further investigation using larger independent sets of samples in different ethnic populations.
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Zeber-Lubecka N, Hennig EE. Genetic Susceptibility to Joint Occurrence of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Hashimoto's Thyroiditis: How Far Is Our Understanding? Front Immunol 2021; 12:606620. [PMID: 33746952 PMCID: PMC7968419 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.606620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT) are endocrine disorders that commonly occur among young women. A higher prevalence of HT in women with PCOS, relative to healthy individuals, is observed consistently. Combined occurrence of both diseases is associated with a higher risk of severe metabolic and reproductive complications. Genetic factors strongly impact the pathogenesis of both PCOS and HT and several susceptibility loci associated with a higher risk of both disorders have been identified. Furthermore, some candidate gene polymorphisms are thought to be functionally relevant; however, few genetic variants are proposed to be causally associated with the incidence of both disorders together.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Zeber-Lubecka
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Clinical Oncology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewa E Hennig
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Clinical Oncology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland.,Department of Genetics, Maria Skłodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
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Zhu YN, Zhang YT, Liu Q, Shen SM, Zou X, Cao YX, Wang WJ, Yi L, Gao Q, Yang WD, Wang Y. Association analysis between the tag single nucleotide polymorphisms of DENND1A and the risk of polycystic ovary syndrome in Chinese Han women. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2020; 21:14. [PMID: 31941453 PMCID: PMC6964046 DOI: 10.1186/s12881-019-0945-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Background The DENND1A gene is one of the most important sites associated with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). We attempted to analyze the correlation between five single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the DENND1A gene and the development of PCOS. Methods A total of 346 PCOS patients and 225 normal ovulatory women were involved in the case-control study. Clinical variables and hormones were recorded. According to the Hap Map database, five tagging SNPs (rs2479106, rs2768819, rs2670139, rs2536951 and rs2479102) in the DENND1A gene were identified. The TaqMan probe and the PCR–RFLP (restriction fragment length polymorphism) methods were used for revealing these genotypes. TaqMan Genotype Software was used to analyze the alleles of the five SNPs. Results Linkage disequilibrium and the gene frequency analysis demonstrated that the CCGGG haplotype might increase the risk of PCOS (P = 0.038, OR = 1.89, 95% CI = 1.027–3.481). Significant differences were found in genotypic and allelic distributions at the rs2536951 and rs2479102 loci between PCOS women and controls (P < 0.001). The LH levels and LH/FSH ratios were higher in PCOS patients than in the control group. A detailed analysis revealed that for the rs2479106 locus, these two values were significantly different in the control subjects who had AA, AG and GG genotypes (P = 0.013 and P = 0.007, respectively), and for the rs2468819 locus, these two values were significantly different among the PCOS patients with AA, AG and GG genotypes (P = 0.013 and 0.002, respectively). Conclusions The tagging SNPs rs2479106 and rs2468819 in the DENND1A gene are associated with PCOS in the Chinese population, whereas rs2670139, rs2536951 and rs2479102 are not correlated with PCOS in the same population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Nan Zhu
- Department of Endodontics, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science & Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yi-Ting Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science & Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science & Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shan-Mei Shen
- Divisions of Endocrinology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiang Zou
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yun-Xia Cao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Jun Wang
- Centre of Reproduction, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, People's Republic of China
| | - Long Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science & Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qian Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science & Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei-Dong Yang
- Department of Endodontics, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Yong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science & Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
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Shaaban Z, Khoradmehr A, Amiri-Yekta A, Jafarzadeh Shirazi MR, Tamadon A. Pathophysiologic mechanisms of obesity- and chronic inflammation-related genes in etiology of polycystic ovary syndrome. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2019; 22:1378-1386. [PMID: 32133054 PMCID: PMC7043875 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2019.14029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES One of the common heterogeneous reproductive disorders in women of childbearing age is polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). It is characterized by lack of fertility due to anovulatory cycles, hyperandrogenemia, polycystic ovaries, hyperinsulinemia, and obesity. Both reproductive anomalies and metabolic disorders are involved in PCOS pathology. Although the role of increased levels of androgens in initiation of PCOS is almost proven, mechanisms of PCOS pathophysiology are not clear. Here we discuss roles of altered metabolic conditions, obesity, and chronic inflammation in PCOS pathophysiology. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this review, we attempted to identify genes related to obesity and chronic inflammation aspects of PCOS and their physiological functions to explain the pathways that are regulated by these genes and can be a prominent function in PCOS predisposition. For this purpose, published articles and reviews dealing with genetic evaluation of PCOS in women in peer-reviewed journals in PubMed and Google Scholar databases were included in this review. RESULTS Obesity and chronic inflammation are not prominent diagnostic features of PCOS, but they play an important role in exacerbating metabolic and hyperandrogenic states. ADIPOQ, FTO TGFβ, and DENND1A as the main obesity- and chronic inflammation-related genes have roles in PCOS pathophysiology. CONCLUSION It seems that genes related to obesity pathology in genomic research association, are related to metabolic aspects and body mass index in PCOS patients. Genomes have roles in chronic inflammation, followed by obesity, in the pathogenesis of PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Shaaban
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Arezoo Khoradmehr
- Research and Clinical Center for Infertility, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Amir Amiri-Yekta
- Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Amin Tamadon
- The Persian Gulf Marine Biotechnology Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
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The Genetics of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: An Overview of Candidate Gene Systematic Reviews and Genome-Wide Association Studies. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8101606. [PMID: 31623391 PMCID: PMC6832583 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8101606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a complex condition with mechanisms likely to involve the interaction between genetics and lifestyle. Familial clustering of PCOS symptoms is well documented, providing evidence for a genetic contribution to the condition. This overview aims firstly to systematically summarise the current literature surrounding genetics and PCOS, and secondly, to assess the methodological quality of current systematic reviews and identify limitations. Four databases were searched to identify candidate gene systematic reviews, and quality was assessed with the AMSTAR tool. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) were identified by a semi structured literature search. Of the candidate gene systematic reviews, 17 were of high to moderate quality and four were of low quality. A total of 19 gene loci have been associated with risk of PCOS in GWAS, and 11 of these have been replicated across two different ancestries. Gene loci were located in the neuroendocrine, metabolic, and reproductive pathways. Overall, the gene loci with the most robust findings were THADA, FSHR, INS-VNTR, and DENND1A, that now require validation. This overview also identified limitations of the current literature and important methodological considerations for future genetic studies. Much work remains to identify causal variants and functional relevance of genes associated with PCOS.
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Dapas M, Sisk R, Legro RS, Urbanek M, Dunaif A, Hayes MG. Family-Based Quantitative Trait Meta-Analysis Implicates Rare Noncoding Variants in DENND1A in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2019; 104:3835-3850. [PMID: 31038695 PMCID: PMC6660913 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2018-02496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is among the most common endocrine disorders of premenopausal women, affecting 5% to15% of this population depending on the diagnostic criteria applied. It is characterized by hyperandrogenism, ovulatory dysfunction, and polycystic ovarian morphology. PCOS is highly heritable, but only a small proportion of this heritability can be accounted for by the common genetic susceptibility variants identified to date. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to test whether rare genetic variants contribute to PCOS pathogenesis. DESIGN, PATIENTS, AND METHODS We performed whole-genome sequencing on DNA from 261 individuals from 62 families with one or more daughters with PCOS. We tested for associations of rare variants with PCOS and its concomitant hormonal traits using a quantitative trait meta-analysis. RESULTS We found rare variants in DENND1A (P = 5.31 × 10-5, adjusted P = 0.039) that were significantly associated with reproductive and metabolic traits in PCOS families. CONCLUSIONS Common variants in DENND1A have previously been associated with PCOS diagnosis in genome-wide association studies. Subsequent studies indicated that DENND1A is an important regulator of human ovarian androgen biosynthesis. Our findings provide additional evidence that DENND1A plays a central role in PCOS and suggest that rare noncoding variants contribute to disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Dapas
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Ryan Sisk
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Richard S Legro
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Margrit Urbanek
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
- Center for Genetic Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
- Center for Reproductive Science, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Andrea Dunaif
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Bone Disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - M Geoffrey Hayes
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
- Center for Genetic Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
- Department of Anthropology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois
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Glueck CJ, Goldenberg N. Characteristics of obesity in polycystic ovary syndrome: Etiology, treatment, and genetics. Metabolism 2019; 92:108-120. [PMID: 30445140 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2018.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Revised: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) has multiple etiologies including ovarian and adrenal hyperandrogenism, neuro-endocrine and hypothalamic-pituitary dysfunction, and disorders of peripheral insulin resistance. Obesity is neither necessary nor sufficient for the PCOS phenotype, and the association of PCOS with obesity is not universal, with national, cultural, and ethnic differences. Obesity, particularly visceral adiposity which is common in obese and non-obese women with PCOS, amplifies and worsens all metabolic and reproductive outcomes in PCOS. Obesity increases insulin resistance and compensatory hyperinsulinemia, which in turn increases adipogenesis and decreases lipolysis. Obesity sensitizes thecal cells to LH stimulation and amplifies functional ovarian hyperandrogenism by upregulating ovarian androgen production. Obesity increases inflammatory adipokines which, in turn, increase insulin resistance and adipogenesis. Lifestyle interventions focused on diet-weight loss and concurrent exercise are central to therapy which also commonly subsequently needs to include pharmacologic therapy. PCOS symptoms commonly improve with 5% to 10% weight loss, but 25% to 50% weight loss, usually achievable only through bariatric surgery, may be required for morbid obesity unresponsive to lifestyle-medical treatment. Bariatric surgery is a valuable approach to weight loss in PCOS where BMI is ≥40 kg/m2 when non-surgical treatment and/or induction of pregnancy have failed, and can be an initial treatment when BMI is ≥50 kg/m2. Further research in PCOS is needed to better understand the fundamental basis of the disorder, to ameliorate obesity, to correct hyperandrogenism, ovulation, hyperinsulinemia, and to optimize metabolic homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles J Glueck
- The Cholesterol, Metabolism, and Thrombosis Research Center, 3906 Middleton Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45220, United States of America.
| | - Naila Goldenberg
- The Cholesterol, Metabolism, and Thrombosis Research Center, 3906 Middleton Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45220, United States of America
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The role of DENND1A and CYP19A1 gene variants in individual susceptibility to obesity in Turkish population-a preliminary study. Mol Biol Rep 2018; 45:2193-2199. [PMID: 30232779 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-018-4380-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), the most common genetic variations in human genome, can manage the predisposition of certain complex diseases or situations such as obesity. Genetic polymorphisms also play an important role as they can impact a population's susceptibility to being overweight or obese and developing related chronic complications such as hypertension, coronary heart disease, diabetes and cancer. The present study comprised of 193 unrelated healthy volunteers (120 females and 73 males) with Turkish origin. Only female adolescents (n = 110) were divided into 2 categories according to their BMI values as overweight (BMI ≥ 25) and normal (18.5 < BMI < 25) according to WHO classification. Genomic DNA was isolated from venous blood samples and genotyping of DENND1A rs10818854 and CYP19A1 rs2414096 variants was performed on Roche Light Cycler 2.0 Real-Time PCR platform. Serum hormone levels were analyzed by Electrochemiluminescent Immunoassay (ECLIA; Roche diagnostics). The genotype distributions were consistent with the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium for both SNPs in the studied population (p > 0.05). The genotype distribution of DENND1A rs10818854 was determined for the first time in Turkish population and the variant allele frequency was found as 0.095. According to reduced sex hormone-binding globulin levels and increased free androgen index in the present study, obesity was linked with hyperandrogenism in female subjects. Both polymorphisms were investigated as potential genetic susceptibility markers for obesity and neither DENND1A nor CYP19A1 showed any associations.
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