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Shabaan A, Alkashash A, Hou T, Saeed O, Yesensky J, Roshal A, Mesa H. Isolated Kaposi sarcoma of the upper aerodigestive tract in immunocompetent individuals, an underrecognized entity with favorable prognosis. EAR, NOSE & THROAT JOURNAL 2022:1455613221128112. [PMID: 38124324 DOI: 10.1177/01455613221128112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Kaposi sarcoma (KS) is a rare vascular neoplasm that most commonly arises in the setting of immunosuppression, in areas with high prevalence of Human Herpesvirus-8 infection, and when both situations coexist. Most cases affect the skin, isolated involvement of the upper respiratory tract without skin involvement is extremely rare with only a few cases reported in the literature. We present a case of isolated nasopharyngeal KS in an immunocompetent patient who achieved remission after multimodality therapy. Recent advances in KS-therapy are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelrahman Shabaan
- Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Ahmad Alkashash
- Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Tieying Hou
- Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Omer Saeed
- Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Jessica Yesensky
- Departments of Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Anna Roshal
- Departments of Hematology Oncology, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Hector Mesa
- Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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Xiang P, Liu M, Lu X, Tang W, Liu J. Primary Kaposi's Sarcoma of the Nasal Cavity: Clinical Experience and Review of the Literature. EAR, NOSE & THROAT JOURNAL 2022:1455613221111734. [PMID: 35758033 DOI: 10.1177/01455613221111734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) is a vascular sarcoma derived from vascular endothelial cells and presents with multiple lesions. It mainly appears on the skin and oral mucosa, usually in the face, oral mucosa, and genitals. Very few cases of primary lesions in the nasal cavity have been reported. It is often difficult to diagnose only by imaging examination. Here, we describe a case of KS in a patient who was human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-negative, in which the primary sites were the nasal mucosa and nasal septum. A diagnosis was made according to the patient's clinical presentation, physical examination, laboratory examination, imaging examination, and histopathological results. We used surgical resection combined with chemotherapy, with 6 months' postoperative follow-up without recurrence. We reviewed the relevant literature to identify similar cases and summarize the findings reported on this rare manifestation of KS. We recommend that, where possible, antiviral therapy such as interferon, and regular review should continue, to improve the survival rate and patients' quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Xiang
- Graduate School, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
| | - Mengya Liu
- Graduate School, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
| | - Xueyan Lu
- Graduate School, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
| | - Wei Tang
- Graduate School, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
| | - Jin Liu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
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Soon GST, Petersson F, Thong MKT, Tan CL. Primary Nasopharyngeal Kaposi Sarcoma as Index Diagnosis of AIDS in a Previously Healthy Man. Head Neck Pathol 2018; 13:664-667. [PMID: 30039355 PMCID: PMC6854163 DOI: 10.1007/s12105-018-0954-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
A 38-year-old, previously healthy man presented with blood-stained saliva and epistaxis. A 3 mm nasopharyngeal lesion was found. A biopsy was performed and microscopic examination revealed a Kaposi sarcoma. The patient was subsequently found to be positive for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The diagnosis of Kaposi sarcoma in the presence of HIV infection advanced his disease to Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS). Primary manifestation of Kaposi sarcoma in the nasopharynx is extremely rare. The histologic differential diagnosis of Kaposi sarcoma in this unusual site, especially without the clinical history of immunosuppression, is broad. Awareness that nasopharynx can be a primary involvement site of Kaposi sarcoma and serves as index diagnosis of AIDS is important given its serious clinical implication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwyneth S T Soon
- Department of Pathology, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Fredrik Petersson
- Department of Pathology, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mark K T Thong
- Department of Otolaryngology, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Char Loo Tan
- Department of Pathology, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore.
- Department of Pathology, National University Hospital, 5 Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 119074, Singapore.
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Mouden K, Khmou M, Loughmari S, Semmar A, El Kacemi H, El Khannoussi B, Kebdani T, Elmajjaoui S, Benjaafar N. Primary Kaposi's sarcoma of the nasal cavity: a case report and review of the literature. Clin Sarcoma Res 2016; 6:4. [PMID: 26998222 PMCID: PMC4797219 DOI: 10.1186/s13569-016-0044-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Kaposi sarcoma is a neoplastic vascular disorder. It usually present on the skin of the upper and lower extremities, rarely in the mucosa of the head and neck. The most common sites reported are within the oral cavity, particularly on the palate. Other mucosal sites are rare. We present an unusual case where the primary manifestation of the Kaposi’s sarcoma was in the nasal mucosa. Case presentation A 56-year-old female of Mediterranean descent presented with a 1 year history of swelling on the left side of her nose, nasal obstruction and occasional minor epistaxes. Physical examination showed a firm and bulging polypoid mass which filled the left nasal cavity without cutaneous lesions. Computed tomography (CT) demonstrated a tumor, measuring 77 mm in diameter, occupying the left nasal cavity causing erosion of nasal septum and extending posteriorly to the left choana and nasopharynx. There was bilateral cervical lymphadenopathy. Patient treated with chemotherapy alone. She was in a complete response after the first cycle. The patient received no further treatment. She needs a regular medical checkups that include a review of a patient’s medical history and a complete physical exam. She is in excellent local control over 12 months. Conclusions A review of the literature revealed that only seven cases of primary Kaposi sarcoma of the nasal cavity have previously been published and only two of them presented in a patient not associated with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Here, we report the third case where the primary manifestation of the Kaposi sarcoma was in the nasal cavity in a patient with an adequate immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karima Mouden
- Department of Radiotherapy, National Institute of Oncology, University Mohammed V, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Mouna Khmou
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Oncology, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Saida Loughmari
- Department of Radiotherapy, National Institute of Oncology, University Mohammed V, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Afaf Semmar
- Department of Radiotherapy, National Institute of Oncology, University Mohammed V, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Hanan El Kacemi
- Department of Radiotherapy, National Institute of Oncology, University Mohammed V, Rabat, Morocco
| | | | - Tayeb Kebdani
- Department of Radiotherapy, National Institute of Oncology, University Mohammed V, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Sanaa Elmajjaoui
- Department of Radiotherapy, National Institute of Oncology, University Mohammed V, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Noureddine Benjaafar
- Department of Radiotherapy, National Institute of Oncology, University Mohammed V, Rabat, Morocco
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Chen KH, Chen TD, Chen CW, Lee LY. Iatrogenic Kaposi's sarcoma in nasal cavity: a case report. World J Surg Oncol 2014; 12:172. [PMID: 24890473 PMCID: PMC4076504 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7819-12-172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2013] [Accepted: 05/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) is an uncommon borderline vascular tumor involving mostly the cutaneous and mucosal sites of the body. Among the four distinctly clinicopathological presentations of KS, the iatrogenic form principally occurs in kidney transplant recipients receiving immunosuppressive therapy. It rarely occurs in the head and neck region as primary site or in other groups of patients under immunosuppressive therapy. Case presentation We present of the case of a patient with right nose KS. The patient had history of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and was under immunosuppressive therapy. Conclusion Once we keep KS in mind, the definite diagnosis can be made using routine histological examination and immunohistochemical study despite the rarity of the disease in this site.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Li-Yu Lee
- Department of Pathology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, 5 Fu Hsin Street, Kwei San, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.
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Thariat J, Kirova Y, Sio T, Choussy O, Vees H, Schick U, Poissonnet G, Saada E, Thyss A, Miller RC. Mucosal Kaposi sarcoma, a Rare Cancer Network study. Rare Tumors 2012; 4:e49. [PMID: 23372913 PMCID: PMC3557563 DOI: 10.4081/rt.2012.e49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2012] [Revised: 06/20/2012] [Accepted: 07/13/2012] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) most often affect the skin but occasionally affect the mucosa of different anatomic sites. The management of mucosal KS is seldom described in the literature. Data from 15 eligible patients with mucosal KS treated between 1994 and 2008 in five institutions within three countries of the Rare Cancer Network group were collected. The inclusion criteria were as follows: age >16 years, confirmed pathological diagnosis, mucosal stages I and II, and a minimum of 6 months' follow-up after treatment. Head and neck sites were the most common (66%). Eleven cases were HIV-positive. CD4 counts correlated with disease stage. Twelve patients had biopsy only while three patients underwent local resection. Radiotherapy (RT) was delivered whatever their CD4 status was. Median total radiation dose was 16.2 Gy (0–45) delivered in median 17 days (0–40) with four patients receiving no RT. Six patients underwent chemotherapy and received from 1 to 11 cycles of various regimens namely vinblastin, caelyx, bleomycine, or interferon, whatever their CD4 counts was. Five-year disease free survival were 81.6% and 75.0% in patients undergoing RT or not, respectively. Median survival was 66.9 months. Radiation-induced toxicity was at worse grade 1–2 and was manageable whatever patients' HIV status. This small series of mucosal KSs revealed that relatively low-dose RT is overall safe and efficient in HIV-positive and negative patients. Since there are distant relapses either in multicentric cutaneous or visceral forms in head and neck cases, the role of systemic treatments may be worth investigations in addition to RT of localized disease. Surgery may be used for symptomatic lesions, with caution given the risk of bleeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliette Thariat
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Centre Laccasagne, Nice, France
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Razek AA, Huang BY. Soft tissue tumors of the head and neck: imaging-based review of the WHO classification. Radiographics 2012; 31:1923-54. [PMID: 22084180 DOI: 10.1148/rg.317115095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The World Health Organization (WHO) system for defining and classifying soft tissue tumors is usually applied to lesions that occur in the trunk and extremities, but it also provides an excellent framework for characterizing nonepithelial extraskeletal tumors of the head and neck. Although nonepithelial extraskeletal tumors are in the minority among head and neck lesions, they are by no means rare. The WHO classification system recognizes nine major types based on histologic differentiation: adipocytic, fibroblastic or myofibroblastic, fibrohistiocytic, smooth muscle, skeletal muscle, vascular, pericytic, and chondro-osseous tumors, as well as soft tissue tumors of uncertain differentiation. Tumors of each histologic type may be further subclassified on the basis of their biologic behavior as benign, intermediate (ie, having malignant potential), or malignant. Imaging plays an important role in the noninvasive diagnosis and characterization of nonepithelial soft tissue tumors of the head and neck, providing clues about tumor grade, composition, extent, and involvement of adjacent structures. Although the imaging characteristics of many such tumors are nonspecific, consideration of the clinical history in concert with the imaging findings may help limit the differential diagnosis or even allow reliable diagnosis of some of these tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Abdel Razek
- Diagnostic Radiology Department, Mansoura Faculty of Medicine, Elgomheryia St, Mansoura, Egypt 35512
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