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Kim DH, Stybayeva G, Hwang SH. Effect and safety of perioperative ibuprofen administration in pediatric tonsillectomy: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Otolaryngol 2024; 45:104461. [PMID: 39098128 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjoto.2024.104461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of perioperative ibuprofen administration by conducting a meta-analysis of pertinent literature. METHODS We conducted a comprehensive review of studies sourced from PubMed, SCOPUS, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane databases. The studies covered the period from database inception to June 2024. A perioperative ibuprofen administration group was compared to a control group administered either saline, acetaminophen, paracetamol, or opioids. The primary outcome was post-tonsillectomy bleeding that was categorized into overall bleeding and further classified as type 1 (observed at home or evaluated in the emergency department without additional intervention), type 2 (necessitating readmission for observation), and type 3 (requiring a return to the operating room for hemorrhage control). Morbidity incidence rates for postoperative nausea and vomiting were also assessed. The secondary outcomes assessed were postoperative pain management and the frequency of analgesic drug usage. Postoperative pain management was assessed from the incidence of emergency department visits or nurses' calls for pain independent of the presence or absence of dehydration. RESULTS Twenty-two studies with 27,149 patients were included and reviewed for this meta-analysis. Post-tonsillectomy bleeding (OR = 0.9954, 95 % CI [0.8800; 1.1260], I2 = 0.0 %) was not significantly higher in the ibuprofen administration group compared to the control group. In subgroup analysis of post-tonsillectomy bleeding severity, ibuprofen caused clinically insignificant type 1 post-tonsillectomy bleeding that did not require intervention (OR = 1.1310 [0.7398; 1.7289]). Clinically significant bleeding requiring hospital admission (type 2) or surgical control (type 3) was not observed. Administration of ibuprofen has demonstrated efficacy in reducing the need for analgesic drugs (OR = 0.4734, 95 % CI [0.2840; 0.7893]; I2 = 19.8 %) and is associated with a significant decrease in the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting (OR = 0.4886, 95 % CI [0.3156; 0.7562], I2 = 34.3 %). CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that administration of ibuprofen for pediatric tonsillectomy did not increase the incidence of clinically significant postoperative bleeding. Ibuprofen administration decreased the incidence and severity of postoperative pain, nausea, and vomiting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Do Hyun Kim
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Gulnaz Stybayeva
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Se Hwan Hwang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Bucheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Losorelli SD, Scheffler P, Qian ZJ, Lin HFC, Truong MT. Post-Tonsillectomy Ibuprofen: Is There a Dose-Dependent Bleeding Risk? Laryngoscope 2021; 132:1473-1481. [PMID: 34559405 DOI: 10.1002/lary.29876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS Post-tonsillectomy hemorrhage (PTH) is a potentially life-threatening complication. A recent meta-analysis suggests that ibuprofen may increase the risk of PTH. The aims of this study were to 1) re-evaluate the effect of ibuprofen on PTH given additional recent evidence and 2) to evaluate a potential dose effect of ibuprofen. STUDY DESIGN Meta-analysis and meta-regression; single-institution retrospective review. METHODS We conducted a systematic review of the literature and a meta-analysis of 12 studies comparing postoperative ibuprofen analgesia to non-nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) controls. Next, we performed a meta-regression analysis to assess for an effect of dose, if any, on rates of PTH. Five studies specifying a dose of 5 mg/kg (828 patients, 1,411 controls) and 7 studies using 10 mg/kg (5,633 patients, 7,656 controls) were included. We then conducted a novel single-institution, retrospective review of data for 1,046 patients prescribed intermediate-dose 7.5 mg/kg ibuprofen. RESULTS Ibuprofen was not associated with an increased rate of PTH (log odds ratio [OR], 0.21; 95% confidence interval [CI] -0.15, 0.57). Meta-regression showed that ibuprofen dose (5 and 10 mg/kg) did not have a statistically significant effect on PTH (OR, 1.32; 95% CI 0.30, 5.84). Uncontrolled, aggregate rates of PTH across all studies were 2.29% (N = 828) for 5 mg/kg and 4.65% (N = 5,633) for 10 mg/kg dosing. The rate of secondary hemorrhage in patients prescribed 7.5 mg/kg ibuprofen was 3.10% (N = 1,046). CONCLUSION We found no statistically significant increased risk of PTH when ibuprofen is prescribed at the low or high range of commonly used clinical dosages, compared to a non-ibuprofen regimen. Further studies with less heterogeneity are needed to determine if there is a clinically relevant dose-dependent difference in PTH with ibuprofen. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 3 Laryngoscope, 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven D Losorelli
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, U.S.A
| | - Patrick Scheffler
- Department of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, Arizona, U.S.A
| | - Z J Qian
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, U.S.A
| | - Hung-Fu C Lin
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, U.S.A
| | - Mai Thy Truong
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, U.S.A
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Gross JH, Lindburg M, Kallogjeri D, Molter M, Molter D, Lieu JEC. Predictors of Occurrence and Timing of Post-Tonsillectomy Hemorrhage: A Case-Control Study. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 2020; 130:825-832. [PMID: 33291963 DOI: 10.1177/0003489420978010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe cases and timing of pediatric post-tonsillectomy hemorrhage (PTH), to evaluate predictors of PTH, and to determine the optimal amount of postoperative care unit (PACU) monitoring time. STUDY DESIGN Using the Pediatric Health Information System (PHIS) database and electronic medical records, a matched case-control study from 2005 to 2015 was performed. SETTING A single, tertiary-care institution. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Each case of PTH was matched with 1 to 4 controls for the following factors: age, sex, surgeon, and time of year. A total of 124 cases of PTH and 479 tonsillectomy controls were included. The rate and timing of postoperative bleeding were assessed, and matched pair analysis was performed using conditional logistic regression. RESULTS Our institutional PTH rate of 1.9% (130 of 6949) included 124 patients; 15% (19) were primary (≤24 hours), with 50% (9) occurring within 5 hours. Twenty-one percent (4 of 19) of primary PTH patients received operative intervention. Eighty-five percent (105 of 124) of all cases were secondary PTH, and 47% (49) of those patients received operative intervention. Cold steel (OR 1.9, 95% CI 1.1-3.3) and Coblation (OR 1.9, 95% CI 1.2-3.1) techniques and tonsillectomy alone (OR 3.7, 95% CI 1.9-7.2) increased odds of PTH. Patients who developed PTH had 4 times the odds of having a preceding postoperative respiratory event than controls (OR 4.0, 95% CI 1.6-10.0). CONCLUSION We conducted a rigorous case-control study for PTH, finding that PTH was associated with use of cold steel and Coblation techniques and with tonsillectomy alone. Patients with a postoperative respiratory event may be more likely to develop a PTH and should be counseled accordingly. A PACU monitoring time of 4 hours is sufficient for outpatient tonsillectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer H Gross
- Department of Otolaryngology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Miranda Lindburg
- Department of Otolaryngology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Dorina Kallogjeri
- Department of Otolaryngology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Michelle Molter
- Department of Otolaryngology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - David Molter
- Department of Otolaryngology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Judith E C Lieu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
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Reducing Readmissions Post-tonsillectomy: A Quality Improvement Study on Intravenous Hydration. J Healthc Qual 2019; 40:217-227. [PMID: 29864070 DOI: 10.1097/jhq.0000000000000143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Dehydration is a potentially preventable complication post-tonsillectomy and can result in an Emergency Department visit and/or readmission. Our objectives were to identify risk factors for dehydration readmissions and develop interventions to prevent them. METHODS We used retrospective chart reviews to determine if increased intravenous (IV) hydration post-tonsillectomy prevented hospital readmissions for dehydration. All children aged 1-18 years who underwent tonsillectomy between July 1, 2007 and September 30, 2015 were included in this quality improvement study. Using the Pediatric Health Information System database, patients who experienced a readmission for dehydration within 72 hours of surgery were identified and validated with internal data. We analyzed the pre-implementation and post-implementation readmission rates after standardization of increased IV fluids (1.5 times maintenance). An interrupted time series analysis was used to estimate the effects of our hydration initiative. RESULTS Of 11,157 patients who underwent tonsillectomy during the study period, 96 (0.9%) met the criteria for readmissions for dehydration. The pre-implementation readmission rate was 1% compared to 0.2% post-implementation, a reduction of 82%. CONCLUSIONS The hydration initiative was associated with a significant decrease in hospital readmissions. This safe, low-cost, easy-to-implement approach to preventing dehydration post-tonsillectomy could be explored at other institutions.
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Stokes W, Swanson RT, Schubart J, Carr MM. Postoperative Bleeding Associated with Ibuprofen Use after Tonsillectomy: A Meta-analysis. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2019; 161:734-741. [PMID: 31159669 DOI: 10.1177/0194599819852328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Objective To better quantify the risk of ibuprofen-associated posttonsillectomy hemorrhage (PTH). Data Sources PUBMED/MEDLINE, Web of Science, and Cochrane Clinical Trials Database. Review Method Literature searches were performed for English-language publications containing the terms tonsillectomy, ibuprofen, and tonsillectomy from database inception to May 2017. Human clinical trials, prospective cohort studies, and retrospective cohort studies related to tonsillectomy, ibuprofen use, and posttonsillectomy hemorrhage among pediatric patients were selected. Electronic searches revealed 151 studies, of which 12 were deemed eligible for analysis. Studies were weighted according to level of evidence and risk of bias. Results Pooling of results across all studies showed a statistically significant increase in PTH among the patients taking ibuprofen (odds ratio, 1.38; 95% confidence interval, 1.11-1.72). The I 2 statistic of 20.8% demonstrates overall low study heterogeneity and good comparability of the results. Conclusion Our meta-analysis of available cohort studies and randomized controlled trials (RCTs) shows possible increased tendency to PTH with the use of ibuprofen. This has not been demonstrated in other studies and systematic reviews because their analyses were limited by use of multiple nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and inclusion of studies limited to the perioperative period and low sample size. However, the current analysis is limited due to inclusion of many retrospective cohort studies with unclear follow-up and no blinding. Further RCTs will be required to investigate this trend toward increased PTH.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Stokes
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Robert T. Swanson
- College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jane Schubart
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Public Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania State University, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Michele M. Carr
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
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Kellstein D, Fernandes L. Symptomatic treatment of dengue: should the NSAID contraindication be reconsidered? Postgrad Med 2019; 131:109-116. [DOI: 10.1080/00325481.2019.1561916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- David Kellstein
- Pain Management Team, Pfizer Consumer Healthcare, Madison, NJ, USA
| | - Luiz Fernandes
- Global Medical Affairs, Pfizer Consumer Healthcare, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Swanson RT, Schubart JR, Carr MM. Association of ibuprofen use with post-tonsillectomy bleeding in older children. Am J Otolaryngol 2018; 39:618-622. [PMID: 29843898 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjoto.2018.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2018] [Revised: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Evaluate post-tonsillectomy outcomes in children discharged with ibuprofen versus those without. METHODS This was a retrospective review of children who underwent tonsillectomy ± adenoidectomy from 2012 to 2016 at a tertiary care children's hospital. Main outcome measures included bleed rates, ER visits, and nurse phone calls. RESULTS Seven hundred and seventy-three patients were included; 504 had ibuprofen at discharge (ID) and 269 did not (NID). There were significant differences in mean age, 6.7 years in the ID group years versus 8.6 for the NID group (P < 0.001). Indication for surgery was sleep apnea in 70.5% of ID patients and 44.0% of NID patients (P < 0.001). Post-tonsillectomy bleeds occurred in 8.7% in the ID group and 5.9% of the NID group (P = 0.168). Other outcome measures revealed no significant differences between the two groups. There was no significant difference in the outcome measures between patients with sleep apnea or recurrent tonsillitis. Age was important; 12.1% of children 9-18 years versus 4.8% in children 3.1-6 years (P = 0.006) had post-tonsillectomy bleeding. For children 9-18 years old, 16.7% in the ID group bled versus 7.5% in the NID group (P = 0.039). Logistical regression revealed that age contributed to post-op bleeding, and ibuprofen contributed to number of ER visits. CONCLUSION Ibuprofen is associated with significantly elevated post-tonsillectomy bleeding in older children, further research is needed and other analgesics should be considered.
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Cardon BR, Anderson MP, Glade RS. Safety of Ibuprofen for Postoperative Pain After Palatoplasty. Cleft Palate Craniofac J 2018; 55:1130-1132. [DOI: 10.1177/1055665618760532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To determine the safety of ibuprofen used for postoperative pain control following palatoplasty in pediatric patients. Design: Retrospective chart review. Setting: Tertiary care, pediatric hospital. Participants: Patients who received ibuprofen for postoperative pain control after palatoplasty. Main Outcome Measures: Number of doses of ibuprofen given during hospitalization and the presence of postoperative primary or secondary bleeding following palatoplasty. Detection of postoperative hemorrhage was obtained from (1) chart review from inpatient hospitalization after palatoplasty, (2) chart review of each patient’s 3-week postoperative clinic visit, and (3) phone call to caretakers from primary author. Results: Thirty-two patients underwent palatoplasty who received ibuprofen for control of postoperative pain. Mean number of inpatient doses given was 4.8 (range: 1-17). None (0%) experienced hemorrhage in the hospital before discharge. Thirty-two (100%) patients were seen at a 3-week follow-up and no (0%) episodes of postoperative hemorrhage were noted. Seventeen (53%) caretakers of patients responded to contact by phone and confirmed no subsequent bleeding. Conclusions: Ibuprofen may not increase postoperative hemorrhage after palatoplasty. Further studies will be needed to evaluate safety on a larger scale.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael P. Anderson
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Oklahoma University, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Robert S. Glade
- Department of Otolaryngology, Oklahoma State University, Tulsa, OK, USA
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Oklahoma University, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Pediatric ENT of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, OK, USA
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Pierson BW, Cardon BS, Anderson MP, Glade RS. A Comparison of Nonopioid and Opioid Oral Analgesia following Pediatric Palatoplasty. Cleft Palate Craniofac J 2017; 54:170-174. [DOI: 10.1597/15-135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This article evaluates postoperative analgesia in pediatric palatoplasty patients using nonopioid oral medications. Design This study was a retrospective chart review. Setting The setting for this study was a tertiary-care children's hospital. Participants Study participants were pediatric patients who underwent palatoplasty procedures performed by a single surgeon. Interventions Interventions included nonopioid and opioid oral medications for postoperative analgesia. Main Outcome Measures The adequacy of nonopioid versus opioid oral analgesia was assessed by (1) time to discontinue IV fluid, (2) total IV morphine doses for breakthrough pain, (3) daily IV morphine doses for breakthrough pain, (4) time to discharge from the hospital, and (5) perioperative weight change. Group comparisons of outcome measures were performed using a two one-sided test. Results A total of 61 patients were identified who received three standard pain regimens: acetaminophen + ibuprofen (12), hydrocodone/acetaminophen (23), and hydrocodone/acetaminophen + ibuprofen (26). There was sufficient evidence to suggest equivalence in outcome measures for acetaminophen + ibuprofen versus hydrocodone/acetaminophen and hydrocodone/acetaminophen + ibuprofen for the following: time to discontinue IV fluid ( P = .02, 90% confidence interval [CI] = –0.42 to 0.17; P = .007, 90% CI = –0.28 to 0.34), daily IV morphine doses ( P = .023, 90% [CI] = –0.83 to 0.65; P = .032, 90% [CI] = –0.92 to 0.28), time to discharge from the hospital ( P = .017, 90% [CI] = –0.40 to 0.27; P = .015, 90% [CI] = –0.24 to 0.39), and perioperative weight change ( P = .002; 90% CI = –0.25 to 0.46; P < .0001; 90% CI = –0.34 to 0.18). There was no sufficient evidence to suggest equivalence for total IV morphine doses ( P = .189, 90% CI = –1.51 to 1.78; P = .169, 90% CI = –1.51 to 0.88). Conclusions Oral acetaminophen and ibuprofen alone may provide similar analgesia to traditional regimens with reduced risks following pediatric palatoplasty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon W. Pierson
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Brandon S. Cardon
- College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Michael P. Anderson
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
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Abstract
Codeine has been prescribed to pediatric patients for many decades as both an analgesic and an antitussive agent. Codeine is a prodrug with little inherent pharmacologic activity and must be metabolized in the liver into morphine, which is responsible for codeine's analgesic effects. However, there is substantial genetic variability in the activity of the responsible hepatic enzyme, CYP2D6, and, as a consequence, individual patient response to codeine varies from no effect to high sensitivity. Drug surveillance has documented the occurrence of unanticipated respiratory depression and death after receiving codeine in children, many of whom have been shown to be ultrarapid metabolizers. Patients with documented or suspected obstructive sleep apnea appear to be at particular risk because of opioid sensitivity, compounding the danger among rapid metabolizers in this group. Recently, various organizations and regulatory bodies, including the World Health Organization, the US Food and Drug Administration, and the European Medicines Agency, have promulgated stern warnings regarding the occurrence of adverse effects of codeine in children. These and other groups have or are considering a declaration of a contraindication for the use of codeine for children as either an analgesic or an antitussive. Additional clinical research must extend the understanding of the risks and benefits of both opioid and nonopioid alternatives for orally administered, effective agents for acute and chronic pain.
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Pfaff JA, Hsu K, Chennupati SK. The Use of Ibuprofen in Posttonsillectomy Analgesia and Its Effect on Posttonsillectomy Hemorrhage Rate. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2016; 155:508-13. [DOI: 10.1177/0194599816646363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Objective To determine the effect of ibuprofen on posttonsillectomy bleeding when compared with codeine in posttonsillectomy analgesia. Study Design Case series with chart review. Setting Tertiary care children’s hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Subjects and Methods On July 1, 2012, our institution transitioned from acetaminophen with codeine to ibuprofen for posttonsillectomy analgesia. Pediatric patients (0-18 years old) who underwent surgery from July 1, 2010, to June 30, 2012, were placed in the codeine cohort, and those who underwent surgery from July 1, 2012, to June 30, 2014, were placed in the ibuprofen cohort. Results A total of 6014 patients underwent tonsillectomy between July 1, 2010, and June 30, 2014, and 211 patients presented for posttonsillectomy hemorrhage during the same period. The incidence of readmission for posttonsillectomy hemorrhage was 3.4% and 3.6% ( P = .63; odds ratio [OR] = 1.07; 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 0.811-1.410) for the codeine and ibuprofen groups, respectively, and the incidence of second operation for control of posttonsillectomy bleeding for the codeine and ibuprofen groups was 1.9% and 2.2% ( P = .54; OR = 1.117; 95% CI: 0.781-1.600), respectively. Patients aged 11 to 18 years demonstrated a higher incidence of posttonsillectomy bleeding events overall. When age is controlled, multivariate logistic regression demonstrated no statistically significant increase in posttonsillectomy bleeding events among pediatric patients treated with ibuprofen versus patients treated with codeine (readmission: P = .617; OR = 0.932; 95% CI: 0.707-1.228; reoperation: P = .513; OR = 0.887; 95% CI: 0.618-1.272). Conclusion Age is an independent risk factor for posttonsillectomy bleeding. When age is controlled, there is no statistically significant increase in the incidence of posttonsillectomy bleeding events among patients treated with ibuprofen when compared to patients treated with codeine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia A. Pfaff
- Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- St Christopher’s Hospital for Children, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kevin Hsu
- Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- St Christopher’s Hospital for Children, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Rivard J, Yu L, Tremblay S, Lebel D. [Not Available]. Can J Hosp Pharm 2016; 69:244-248. [PMID: 27403005 PMCID: PMC4924946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Julie Rivard
- Pharm. D., est résidente en pharmacie à la Faculté de pharmacie de l'Université de Montréal et au Département de pharmacie du Centre hospitalier universitaire Sainte-Justine. Elle est aussi membre de l'Unité de recherche en pratique pharmaceutique du Centre hospitalier universitaire Sainte-Justine
| | - Lavina Yu
- Pharm. D., est résidente en pharmacie à la Faculté de pharmacie de l'Université de Montréal et au Département de pharmacie du Centre hospitalier universitaire Sainte-Justine. Elle est aussi membre de l'Unité de recherche en pratique pharmaceutique du Centre hospitalier universitaire Sainte-Justine
| | - Stéphanie Tremblay
- B. Pharm., M. Sc., travaille au Département de pharmacie et est membre de l'Unité de recherche en pratique pharmaceutique, Centre hospitalier universitaire Sainte-Justine, et elle est clinicienne associée à la Faculté de pharmacie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec
| | - Denis Lebel
- B. Pharm., M. Sc., MBA, FCSHP, travaille au Département de pharmacie et est membre de l'Unité de recherche en pratique pharmaceutique, Centre hospitalier universitaire Sainte-Justine, et il est clinicien associé à la Faculté de pharmacie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec
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13
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Bakshi SS. Letter to the Editor. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2015; 79:2492. [PMID: 26455257 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2015.09.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Satvinder Singh Bakshi
- Department of ENT and Head & Neck Surgery, Mahatma Gandhi Medical College and Research Institute, Pillaiyarkuppam, Pondicherry 607402, India.
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D'Souza JN, Schmidt RJ, Xie L, Adelman JP, Nardone HC. Postoperative nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and risk of bleeding in pediatric intracapsular tonsillectomy. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2015; 79:1472-6. [PMID: 26164211 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2015.05.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2015] [Revised: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In light of current FDA guidelines on opioid use in children, we sought to determine the risk of post-tonsillectomy hemorrhage (PTH) in children who received ibuprofen with acetaminophen versus those who received narcotic with acetaminophen for postoperative pain control. METHODS This was an IRB-approved retrospective chart review of patients at a tertiary-care pediatric center. The medical records of 449 children who received acetaminophen and ibuprofen following intracapsular tonsillectomy with or without adenoidectomy were reviewed (NSAID group) and compared with medical records of 1731 children who underwent intracapsular tonsillectomy and received acetaminophen with codeine or hydrocodone with acetaminophen postoperatively (narcotic group). Main outcome measure was the incidence of PTH requiring return to the operating room. Secondary outcome measures included incidence of primary PTH, secondary PTH, and postoperative evaluation in the emergency department or readmission for pain and/or dehydration. RESULTS Incidence of PTH requiring return to the operating room was higher in the NSAID group (1.6%) compared with the narcotic group (0.5%), P=0.01. Incidence of primary PTH was significantly higher in the NSAID group (2%) versus the narcotic group (0.12%), P<0.0001. Incidence of secondary PTH was 3.8% in the NSAID group and 1.1% in the narcotic group (P<0.0001). CONCLUSION Use of ibuprofen after intracapsular tonsillectomy in children is associated with statistically significant increase in PTH requiring return to the operating room, as well as an increase in overall rates of both primary and secondary PTH. Ibuprofen provides pain control that is at least equivalent to narcotic and is not associated with respiratory depression. Further study of ibuprofen use in the post-tonsillectomy patient is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill N D'Souza
- Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, 1020 Walnut St, Philadelphia, PA 19107, United States.
| | - Richard J Schmidt
- Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, 1020 Walnut St, Philadelphia, PA 19107, United States; Nemours/Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, 1600 Rockland Road, Wilmington, DE 19803, United States.
| | - Li Xie
- Nemours/Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, 1600 Rockland Road, Wilmington, DE 19803, United States.
| | - Julie P Adelman
- Temple University, 3401 North Broad St, Philadelphia, PA 19140, United States.
| | - Heather C Nardone
- Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, 1020 Walnut St, Philadelphia, PA 19107, United States; Nemours/Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, 1600 Rockland Road, Wilmington, DE 19803, United States.
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The efficacy of TachoComb on reducing postoperative complications after tonsillectomy in children. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2015; 79:1337-40. [PMID: 26100056 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2015.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2015] [Revised: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A fibrinogen/thrombin-based collagen fleece (TachoComb) is a powerful topical hemostatic agent that has been widely used in various surgical specialties with a favorable outcome. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of TachoComb application on postoperative complications after tonsillectomy. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 1633 children had undergone tonsillectomy with or without adenoidectomy were included in this study. After removal of both tonsils, 1057 patients (64.7%) were treated with TachoComb on the tonsillectomy site and 576 without TachoComb. Post-tonsillectomy pain, hemorrhage rates, re-admission rates, and emergency surgery rates for post-tonsillectomy hemorrhage were evaluated between patients who received TachoComb and those who did not. RESULTS TachoComb treatment significantly reduced post-tonsillectomy pain and emergency surgery rates for post-tonsillectomy hemorrhage. However, postoperative hemorrhage rate and re-admission rates for post-tonsillectomy hemorrhage were not statistically significant between TachoComb treatment group and control group. No patients had complications or adverse reactions after TachoComb treatment. CONCLUSIONS The use of TachoComb after tonsillectomy significantly reduces pain and emergency surgery for severe post-tonsillectomy hemorrhage without an apparent adverse effect. Therefore, TachoComb may be a useful adjuvant in terms of efficacy and safety after tonsillectomy.
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Veljkovic V, Goeijenbier M, Glisic S, Veljkovic N, Perovic VR, Sencanski M, Branch DR, Paessler S. In silico analysis suggests repurposing of ibuprofen for prevention and treatment of EBOLA virus disease. F1000Res 2015; 4:104. [PMID: 26167272 PMCID: PMC4482208 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.6436.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The large 2014/2015 Ebola virus outbreak in West Africa points out the urgent need to develop new preventive and therapeutic approaches that are effective against Ebola viruses and can be rapidly utilized. Recently, a simple theoretical criterion for the virtual screening of molecular libraries for candidate inhibitors of Ebola virus infection was proposed. Using this method the ‘drug space’ was screened and 267 approved and 382 experimental drugs as candidates for treatment of the Ebola virus disease (EVD) have been selected. Detailed analysis of these drugs revealed the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug ibuprofen as an inexpensive, widely accessible and minimally toxic candidate for prevention and treatment of EVD. Furthermore, the molecular mechanism underlying this possible protective effect of ibuprofen against EVD is suggested in this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veljko Veljkovic
- Center for Multidisciplinary Research, Institute of Nuclear Sciences Vinca, University of Belgrade, Mihajla Petrovica 12-14, 11001 Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Sanja Glisic
- Center for Multidisciplinary Research, Institute of Nuclear Sciences Vinca, University of Belgrade, Mihajla Petrovica 12-14, 11001 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nevena Veljkovic
- Center for Multidisciplinary Research, Institute of Nuclear Sciences Vinca, University of Belgrade, Mihajla Petrovica 12-14, 11001 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vladimir R Perovic
- Center for Multidisciplinary Research, Institute of Nuclear Sciences Vinca, University of Belgrade, Mihajla Petrovica 12-14, 11001 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milan Sencanski
- Center for Multidisciplinary Research, Institute of Nuclear Sciences Vinca, University of Belgrade, Mihajla Petrovica 12-14, 11001 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Donald R Branch
- Canadian Blood Services, Center for Innovation, 67 College Street, Toronto, M5G 2M1, Canada
| | - Slobodan Paessler
- Department of Pathology, Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Boulevard, Galveston, TX, USA
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17
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Messerer B, Grögl G, Stromer W, Jaksch W. [Pediatric perioperative systemic pain therapy: Austrian interdisciplinary recommendations on pediatric perioperative pain management]. Schmerz 2015; 28:43-64. [PMID: 24550026 DOI: 10.1007/s00482-013-1384-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many analgesics used in adult medicine are not licensed for pediatric use. Licensing limitations do not, however, justify that children are deprived of a sufficient pain therapy particularly in perioperative pain therapy. The treatment is principally oriented to the strength of the pain. Due to the degree of pain caused, intramuscular and subcutaneous injections should be avoided generally. NON-OPIOIDS The basis of systemic pain therapy for children are non-opioids and primarily non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). They should be used prophylactically. The NSAIDs are clearly more effective than paracetamol for acute posttraumatic and postoperative pain and additionally allow economization of opioids. Severe side effects are rare in children but administration should be carefully considered especially in cases of hepatic and renal dysfunction or coagulation disorders. Paracetamol should only be taken in pregnancy and by children when there are appropriate indications because a possible causal connection with bronchial asthma exists. To ensure a safe dosing the age, body weight, duration of therapy, maximum daily dose and dosing intervals must be taken into account. Dipyrone is used in children for treatment of visceral pain and cholic. According to the current state of knowledge the rare but severe side effect of agranulocytosis does not justify a general rejection for short-term perioperative administration. OPIOIDS In cases of insufficient analgesia with non-opioid analgesics, the complementary use of opioids is also appropriate for children of all age groups. They are the medication of choice for episodes of medium to strong pain and are administered in a titrated form oriented to effectiveness. If severe pain is expected to last for more than 24 h, patient-controlled anesthesia should be implemented but requires a comprehensive surveillance by nursing personnel. KETAMINE Ketamine is used as an adjuvant in postoperative pain therapy and is recommended for use in pediatric sedation and analgosedation.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Messerer
- Universitätsklinik für Anästhesiologie und Intensivmedizin, Medizinische Universität Graz, LKH-Universitätsklinikum Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 29, 8036, Graz, Österreich,
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18
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Swedish guidelines for the treatment of pain in tonsil surgery in pediatric patients up to 18 years. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2015; 79:443-50. [PMID: 25677565 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2015.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2014] [Revised: 01/11/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Surgery of the tonsils often causes severe pain lasting for many days as been shown by data from the National Tonsil Surgery Register in Sweden. Tonsillotomy is associated with fewer readmissions due to bleeding, number of days requiring analgesics and health care contacts due to pain compared to tonsillectomy. The register data demonstrate the necessity of better-evidenced based pain treatment guidelines for tonsil-surgery. OBJECTIVES To develop evidenced based pain treatment guidelines for tonsil-surgery in Sweden. METHODS The evidence based guidelines were designed by an updated literature review and from the clinical expertise in the pediatric pain field, which thereafter were reviewed by ENT-doctors and anesthetists from each ENT-clinic in Sweden. RESULTS A multimodal pain treatment approach is advocated, including premedication and administration during anesthesia, with paracetamol (acetaminophen), clonidine and betamethasone. If not given as a premedication the combination can be administered intravenously in the initial phase of anesthesia. At the end of surgery, if no bleeding problems, cox-inhibitors can be given. After discharge from hospital, the recommendations for pain relief are paracetamol combined with cox-inhibitors (ibuprofen, diclofenac) and if needed oral clonidine in favor of opioids. When pain intensity decreases, discontinue the analgesic treatment in the following order: opioid, clonidine, paracetamol and at last ibuprofen. The need for analgesic treatment after tonsillectomy is usually 5-8 days, after tonsillotomy only 3-5 days. Parents are recommended to contact the hospital if the child has difficulties in drinking or eating adequately and/or suffers from pain despite taking the recommended medication regularly. CONCLUSIONS Swedish guidelines for tonsil-surgery provide practical evidence-based pain treatment recommendations.
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Mattos JL, Robison JG, Greenberg J, Yellon RF. Acetaminophen plus ibuprofen versus opioids for treatment of post-tonsillectomy pain in children. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2014; 78:1671-6. [PMID: 25128450 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2014.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2014] [Revised: 07/11/2014] [Accepted: 07/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the efficacy and safety of acetaminophen plus ibuprofen in treatment of post-tonsillectomy pain compared to acetaminophen plus opioids in children. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective medical record review. SETTING Tertiary-care children's hospital between September 2012 and March 2013. SUBJECTS AND METHODS All children undergoing total tonsillectomy (n=1065). Analysis included descriptive analysis, chi-square testing, and logistic regression controlling for age, diagnosis, trainee involvement, concurrent surgical procedures, and Coblator use for differences of outcomes: (1) post-operative bleeding, (2) emergency department (ED) visits for pain, dehydration, or bleeding, and (3) nurse phone calls from families. RESULTS All patients received acetaminophen. Seventy-four percent received ibuprofen (n=783) and 26.5% did not receive ibuprofen (n=282). In the ibuprofen group, 32.2% received opioids (n=252). Over eight percent of children had post-operative hemorrhage of any amount reported (n=89). Forty-eight percent of these required operative intervention (n=43). Ibuprofen prescription did not impact post-operative bleeding; operative intervention for bleeding, ED visits, or nurse phone calls either on chi-squared or logistic regression testing. Increasing age was found to increase bleeding risk as well as the likelihood of visiting the ED or calling the clinic nurses. All patients with multiple bleeding episodes were in the ibuprofen group. CONCLUSION Prescription of ibuprofen did not increase the risk of bleeding and did not increase the likelihood of a post-operative ED visit or nurse phone call. Ibuprofen prescription may possibly increase the risk of multiple bleeding episodes, but further prospective studies are needed. Increased age increases the risk of bleeding, ED visits, and nurse phone calls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose L Mattos
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Jacob G Robison
- Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology, St. Luke's Children's Hospital, Boise, ID 83712, USA
| | - Jesse Greenberg
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Robert F Yellon
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA.
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Bedwell JR, Pierce M, Levy M, Shah RK. Ibuprofen with Acetaminophen for Postoperative Pain Control following Tonsillectomy Does Not Increase Emergency Department Utilization. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2014; 151:963-6. [DOI: 10.1177/0194599814549732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Objective To compare the performance of ibuprofen vs codeine for postoperative pain management after tonsillectomy as measured by need for emergency department (ED) treatment for pain and/or dehydration. Study Design Retrospective case series with chart review. Setting Tertiary children’s hospital. Subjects and Methods Consecutive series of patients who underwent tonsillectomy with or without adenoidectomy at a tertiary children’s hospital. Patients were categorized based on the type of postoperative pain management (acetaminophen with codeine vs acetaminophen and ibuprofen). The main outcome measure was the proportion of patients requiring ED visits or inpatient admissions for inadequate pain control or dehydration. Secondary measures included antibiotic use, postoperative hemorrhage, need for return to the operating room, vomiting, and oral diet tolerance. Results Patients in the ibuprofen/acetaminophen group were younger than those in the codeine/acetaminophen group (6.2 vs 8.1 years, P < .05). Patients in the codeine/acetaminophen group were more likely to use antibiotics in the postoperative period (50.3% vs 5.9%, P < .05). The proportion of patients requiring ED visits or inpatient admission for dehydration was not significantly different between the groups (5.1% for codeine, 2.7% for ibuprofen, P = .12). Multivariable analysis controlling for age and antibiotic use showed no difference in ED visits or admission for dehydration ( P = .09). There was no difference between the groups for any of the secondary measures. Conclusions Ibuprofen with acetaminophen represents a safe and acceptable analgesic alternative to codeine and acetaminophen in patients undergoing pediatric tonsillectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua R. Bedwell
- Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Children’s National Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Matthew Pierce
- Division of Otolaryngology, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Michelle Levy
- Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Children’s National Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Rahul K. Shah
- Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Children’s National Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
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Lewis SR, Nicholson A, Cardwell ME, Siviter G, Smith AF. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and perioperative bleeding in paediatric tonsillectomy. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2013; 2013:CD003591. [PMID: 23881651 PMCID: PMC7154573 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd003591.pub3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are used for pain relief following tonsillectomy in children. However, as they inhibit platelet aggregation and prolong bleeding time they could cause increased perioperative bleeding. The overall risk remains unclear. This review was originally published in 2005 and was updated in 2010 and in 2012. OBJECTIVES The primary objective of this review was to assess the effects of NSAIDs on bleeding with paediatric tonsillectomy. Our secondary outcome was to establish whether NSAIDs affect the incidence of other postoperative complications when compared to other forms of analgesia. SEARCH METHODS We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) (The Cochrane Library 2012, Issue 10); MEDLINE (inception until October 2012); EMBASE (inception until October 2012); Current Problems (produced by the UK Medicines Control Agency), MedWatch (produced by the US Food and Drug Administration) and the Australian Adverse Drug Reactions Bulletins (to May 2010). The original search was performed in August 2004. We also contacted manufacturers and researchers in the field. SELECTION CRITERIA We included randomized controlled trials assessing NSAIDs in children, up to and including 16 years of age, undergoing elective tonsillectomy or adenotonsillectomy. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two authors independently assessed trial quality and extracted the data. We contacted study authors for additional information, where necessary. MAIN RESULTS We included 15 studies that involved 1101 children in this updated review. One study was added as a result of our 2012 search, another previously included study was removed due to lack of randomization. Fourteen included studies compared NSAIDs with other analgesics or placebo and reported on bleeding requiring surgical intervention. The use of NSAIDs was associated with a non-significant increase in the risk of bleeding requiring surgical intervention: Peto odds ratio (OR) 1.69 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.71 to 4.01). Ten studies involving 365 children reported perioperative bleeding requiring non-surgical intervention. NSAIDs did not significantly alter the number of perioperative bleeding events requiring non-surgical intervention: Peto OR 0.99 (95% CI 0.41 to 2.40) but the confidence intervals did not exclude an increased risk. Thirteen studies involving 1021 children reported postoperative vomiting. There was less vomiting when NSAIDs were used as part of the analgesic regime than when NSAIDs were not used: Mantel Haenszel (M-H) risk ratio (RR) 0.72 (95% CI 0.61 to 0.85). AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS There is insufficient evidence to exclude an increased risk of bleeding when NSAIDs are used in paediatric tonsillectomy. They do however confer the benefit of a reduction in vomiting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon R Lewis
- Patient Safety Research, Royal Lancaster Infirmary, Lancaster, UK.
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22
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Cheng J, Sobol S. Response to "Further concerns regarding opioids after tonsillectomy in children". Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2013; 148:892-3. [PMID: 23633503 DOI: 10.1177/0194599813482437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Özkiriş M, Kapusuz Z, Yildirim YS, Saydam L. The effect of paracetamol, metamizole sodium and ibuprofen on postoperative hemorrhage following pediatric tonsillectomy. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2012; 76:1027-9. [PMID: 22595462 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2012.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2012] [Revised: 03/27/2012] [Accepted: 03/29/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the risk of postoperative hemorrhage associated with the use of analgesic drugs including paracetamol, metamizole sodium and ibuprofen after pediatric tonsillectomy. PATIENTS AND METHODS Three hundred and forty consecutive children with recurrent tonsillitis and/or obstructive symptoms were included in the study. Children were divided into three groups based on the drugs used for postoperative pain relief. Each group received paracetamol, metamizole sodium and ibuprofen following the surgery. The study of population was compared respect to postoperative bleeding. Chi-square test was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS A total of 115 patients received ibuprofen, 115 patients were given metamizole sodium and 110 patients were given paracetamol. Posttonsillectomy hemorrhage occurred in fourteen (4.11%) children, consisting of primary hemorrhage in two patients and secondary hemorrhage in twelve patients. While 6 of 115 children (5.21%) who were given ibuprofen had postoperative hemorrhage, 4 of 115 children (3.47%) in metamizole sodium group and 4 of 110 patients (3.63%) in paracetamol group had hemorrhage. There was no significant difference with respect to hemorrhage rates between these three groups (p<0.05). CONCLUSION In our study we could not show significant risk of hemorrhage after using of ibuprofen, metamizole sodium and paracetamol administration and they can be used safely for posttonsillectomy pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmut Özkiriş
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Bozok University Medical Faculty, Yozgat, Turkey.
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Nam JG, Lee TH, Kwon JK, Lee JC, Lee SR, Lee SM, Lee HM. Effect of fibrin-coated collagen fleece (TachoComb) on pain and bleeding after adenotonsillectomy in children. Acta Otolaryngol 2011; 131:1293-8. [PMID: 21905793 DOI: 10.3109/00016489.2011.611533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
CONCLUSION Even though the use of TachoComb does not decrease pain after tonsillectomy, it is safe and useful to reduce bleeding after tonsillectomy. OBJECTIVES Sealing the post-tonsillectomy wound would be expected to reduce pain and bleeding by decreasing the exposure of the traumatized tissue and sensory nerves. TachoComb is a powerful topical hemostatic agent. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effect of TachoComb on reduction of pain and bleeding after tonsillectomy. METHODS A prospective randomized double-blind study was performed on 120 pediatric patients undergoing adenotonsillectomy. The patients were randomized into two groups: use/non-use of TachoComb. In the study group, each tonsillar bed was covered with a TachoComb strip at the end of operation. No hemostatic agents were used in the control group. After surgery, patients were monitored for pain, bleeding, oral intake, medication administration, activity, and complications using a 10-day diary. RESULTS In all, 110 patients returned and filled in the diary. The use of TachoComb did not decrease pain, reduce the use of analgesic drugs or speed recovery to normal everyday life. Post-surgery bleeding was not experienced by any of the TachoComb patients, but occurred in five of the control patients. The result had borderline statistical significance (p < 0.1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Gwon Nam
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan University Hospital, Korea
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Abstract
BACKGROUND This is an update of a Cochrane Review first published in The Cochrane Library in Issue 1, 2003.Tonsillectomy continues to be one of the most common surgical procedures performed worldwide. Despite advances in anesthetic and surgical techniques, post-tonsillectomy morbidity remains a significant clinical problem. OBJECTIVES To assess the clinical efficacy of a single intraoperative dose of dexamethasone in reducing post-tonsillectomy morbidity. SEARCH STRATEGY We searched the Cochrane Ear, Nose and Throat Disorders Group Trials Register; the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL); PubMed; EMBASE; CINAHL; Web of Science; BIOSIS Previews; Cambridge Scientific Abstracts; ISRCTN; and additional sources for published and unpublished trials. The date of the most recent search was 29 October 2010, following a previous search in September 2002. SELECTION CRITERIA Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials of a single dose of intravenous, intraoperative corticosteroid for pediatric patients (age < 18 years) who underwent tonsillectomy or adenotonsillectomy. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS The first author extracted data regarding the primary outcome measures and measurement tools from the published studies. The first author also recorded data regarding study design, patient ages, procedures performed, dose of corticosteroid and method of delivery, as well as methodological quality. When data were missing from the original publications, we contacted the authors for more information. We performed data analysis with a random-effects model, using the RevMan 5.1 software developed by the Cochrane Collaboration. MAIN RESULTS We included 19 studies (1756 participants). We selected only randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blinded studies to minimize inclusion of poor quality studies. However, the risk of bias in the included studies was not formally assessed. Children receiving a single intraoperative dose of dexamethasone (dose range = 0.15 to 1.0 mg/kg) were half as likely to vomit in the first 24 hours compared to children receiving placebo (risk ratio (RR) 0.49; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.41 to 0.58; P < 0.00001). Routine use in five children would be expected to result in one less patient experiencing post-tonsillectomy emesis (risk difference (RD) -0.24; 95% CI -0.32 to -0.15; P < 0.00001). Children receiving dexamethasone were also more likely to advance to a soft/solid diet on post-tonsillectomy day one (RR 1.45; 95% CI 1.15 to 1.83; P = 0.001) than those receiving placebo. Finally, postoperative pain was improved in children receiving dexamethasone as measured by a visual analog scale (VAS, 0 to 10) (MD -1.07; 95% CI -1.73 to -0.41; P = 0.001), which correlates clinically to a reduction in pain (on a VAS of 0 to 10) from 4.72 to 3.65. No adverse events were noted in the included studies. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS The evidence suggests that a single intravenous dose of dexamethasone is an effective, safe and inexpensive treatment for reducing morbidity from pediatric tonsillectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- David L Steward
- University of Cincinnati College of MedicineOtolaryngology ‐ Head and Neck Surgery231 Sabin WayML 0528 ‐ Dept of OTO‐HNSCincinnatiUSA45267‐0528
| | - Jedidiah Grisel
- University of Cincinnati Academic Health CenterDepartment of Otolaryngology231 Albert Sabin WayCincinnatiUSA45267
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