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Chen L, Shen Y, Xiong H, Guan Z, Si Y, Liang H, Zhu W, Cai Q. Role of PGC-1α in fiber type conversion in the palatopharyngeus muscle of OSA patients. J Clin Lab Anal 2022; 36:e24551. [PMID: 35692078 PMCID: PMC9279980 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.24551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) has a high incidence and is harmful to health. It is characterized by repeated collapse of the upper airway. However, the mechanism underlying upper airway collapse is unclear. Methods Patients with OSA and chronic tonsillitis were studied. Pathological changes in palatopharyngeus muscle were detected. The expression of peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor‐γ co‐activator‐1α (PGC‐1α) and nuclear respiratory factor‐1 (NRF‐1) in muscles was detected by PCR and Western blotting. Immunofluorescence staining was used to detect the expression of type I and type II myofibril. Results The structure of the palatopharyngeus muscle was changed, and the expression of PGC‐1α and NRF‐1 was decreased in the OSA group compared with that in the control group. The expression of PGC‐1α, NRF‐1, and type I myofibril in C2C12 myoblasts was decreased by intermittent hypoxia exposure. The expression of type I myofibril was decreased when knocking down PGC‐1α. Conclusion OSA patients exhibited pathological damage in palatopharyngeus muscle. PGC‐1α was involved in the fiber type conversion in palatopharyngeus muscle caused by intermittent hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guang zhou, China
| | - Yongqing Shen
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guang zhou, China
| | - Hao Xiong
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guang zhou, China
| | - Zhong Guan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guang zhou, China
| | - Yu Si
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guang zhou, China
| | - Haifeng Liang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guang zhou, China
| | - Wenying Zhu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guang zhou, China
| | - Qian Cai
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guang zhou, China
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Chen H, Huang X, Ye Y, Luo Y, Huang Y, Li X. Muscle type of palatopharyngeal muscle in children with severe obstructive sleep apnea. J Clin Sleep Med 2021; 16:1523-1529. [PMID: 32441247 DOI: 10.5664/jcsm.8588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES To investigate the fiber-type distribution in palatopharyngeal muscle via adenosine triphosphatase and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction in children with severe obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). METHODS Study participants were 12 children with severe OSA and 15 children with simple snoring as the control group. Both groups were diagnosed by polysomnography and treated with tonsillectomy. The samples of palatopharyngeus muscle were studied under adenosine triphosphatase staining and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction to classify the different fiber types. RESULTS There were no differences in baseline age, body mass index, tonsil size, or sleep stage constitution between the 2 groups. Dominance (>60%) of type I fiber was observed both in children with simple snoring (3/15, 20%) and in those with severe OSA (1/12, 8.3%) via adenosine triphosphatase staining. Predominance of type II fibers was seen in 3/15 (20%) in the control group and 6/12 (50%) in the severe OSA group, respectively. Type grouping was also seen in 8/15 (53.3%) in non-OSA and 6/12 (50%) in severe OSA groups, respectively. There was no difference in distribution of subtype fibers assessed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction between the 2 groups; the mean percentages of type I fibers were 25.8% ± 19.5% and 20.9% ± 16.6%, respectively (P > .05), similar to type IIa fibers (35.2% ± 23.4% and 40.9% ± 28.8%) (P > .05). There was a decrease in the percentage of type I fibers between children younger and older than 12 years (P < 0.05), although this was not due to OSA (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS There were no specific changes via adenosine triphosphatase staining or a difference in distribution of subtype fibers via quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction between children with severe pediatric OSA and those with simple snoring, whereas the percentage of type I fiber decreased dynamically due to age but not OSA. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION Registry: Chinese Clinical Trials Registry; Name: A study of the mechanism of the conversion of upper airway expasion muscle's fiver types of OSA patient which may be mediated by estrogen-related receptor alpha; URL: https://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=6144; Identifier: ChiCTR-CCC-13003415.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaihong Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoxing Huang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanqing Ye
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yunfang Luo
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuanshou Huang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiangping Li
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Umezaki T, Shiba K, Sugiyama Y. Intracellular activity of pharyngeal motoneurons during breathing, swallowing, and coughing. J Neurophysiol 2020; 124:750-762. [PMID: 32727254 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00093.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We recorded membrane potentialp changes in 45 pharyngeal motoneurons (PMs) including 33 expiratory modulated and 12 nonrespiratory neurons during breathing, swallowing, and coughing in decerebrate paralyzed cats. Four types of membrane potential changes were observed during swallowing: 1) depolarization during swallowing (n = 27), 2) depolarization preceded by a brief (≤ 0.1 s) hyperpolarization (n = 4), 3) longer term (> 0.3 s) hyperpolarization followed by depolarization (n = 11), and 4) hyperpolarization during the latter period of swallowing (n = 3). During coughing, PMs showed two types of membrane potential changes (n = 10). Nine neurons exhibited a ramp-like depolarization during the expiratory phase of coughing with the potential peak at the end of expiratory phase. This depolarization was interrupted by a transient repolarization just before the potential peak. The membrane potential of the remaining neuron abruptly depolarized at the onset of the expiratory phase and then gradually decreased even after the end of the expiratory phase. Single-shock stimulation of the superior laryngeal nerve (SLN) induced inhibitory postsynaptic potentials in 19 of 21 PMs. Two motoneurons exhibited an SLN-induced excitatory postsynaptic potential. The present study revealed that PMs receive the central drive, consisting of a combination of excitation and inhibition, from the pattern generator circuitry of breathing, swallowing, and coughing, which changes the properties of their membrane potential to generate these motor behaviors of the pharynx. Our data will provide the basis of studies of pharyngeal activity and its control from the medullary neuronal circuitry responsible for the upper airway motor activity.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We have provided the first demonstration of the multifunctional activity of the pharyngeal motoneurons at the level of membrane potential during respiration, swallowing, and coughing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiro Umezaki
- Department of Speech and Hearing Sciences, International University of Health and Welfare, and the Voice and Swallowing Center, Fukuoka Sanno Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Keisuke Shiba
- Department of Otolaryngology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yoichiro Sugiyama
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
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Dong J, Niu X, Chen X. Injury and Apoptosis in the Palatopharyngeal Muscle in Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea-Hypopnea Syndrome. Med Sci Monit 2020; 26:e919501. [PMID: 32221272 PMCID: PMC7139195 DOI: 10.12659/msm.919501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study aimed to elucidate the possible activity of the mitochondrial-mediated apoptotic pathway (MMAP) in obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS). Material/Methods A control group, a mild OSAHS group, a moderate OSAHS group, and a severe OSAHS group were included. Masson staining, hematoxylin and eosin staining, and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) assay were performed to assess collagen fiber hyperplasia, pathological morphology, and cell apoptosis, respectively, in muscle samples. Results In the OSAHS groups, the palatopharyngeal muscle fibers were larger, with apparent hypertrophy and increased elastic fiber content. The proportions of type I fibers were markedly higher in the control group than in the moderate and severe OSAHS groups (P<0.05). Moreover, apoptosis was significantly enhanced in the muscle cells of the OSAHS groups. The Bax expression levels gradually increased across the 4 groups (lowest in the control group and highest in the severe OSAHS group) (P<0.05); conversely, the p38 and p62 expression levels did not significantly differ among groups (P>0.05). Conclusions A decrease in the proportion of the different fiber types can result in collapse of the upper airway. The pathogenesis of OSAHS appears to involve muscle cell apoptosis via MMAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Dong
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Xiangyang, Hubei, China (mainland)
| | - Xun Niu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China (mainland)
| | - Xiong Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China (mainland).,Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China (mainland)
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Chen HH, Lu J, Guan YF, Li SJ, Hu TT, Xie ZS, Wang F, Peng XH, Liu X, Xu X, Zhao FP, Yu BL, Li XP. Estrogen/ERR-α signaling axis is associated with fiber-type conversion of upper airway muscles in patients with obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome. Sci Rep 2016; 6:27088. [PMID: 27250523 PMCID: PMC4890001 DOI: 10.1038/srep27088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Estrogen is related with the low morbidity associated with obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (OSAS) in women, but the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. In this study, we examined the relationship between OSAS and estrogen related receptor-α (ERR-α). We found that the expression levels of ERR-α and Myh7 were both downregulated in palatopharyngeal tissues from OSAS patients. In addition, we report that ERR-α is dynamically expressed during differentiation of C2C12 myoblasts. Knockdown of ERR-α via instant siRNA resulted in reduced expression of Myh7, but not Myh4. Furthermore, differentiation of C2C12 cells under 3% chronic intermittent hypoxia, a model resembling human OSAS, was impaired and accompanied by a obvious reduction in Myh7 expression levels. Moreover, activation of ERR-α with 17β-estradiol (E2) increased the expression of Myh7, whereas pretreatment with the ERR-α antagonist XCT790 reversed the E2-induced slow fiber-type switch. A rat ovariectomy model also demonstrated the switch to fast fiber type. Collectively, our findings suggest that ERR-α is involved in estrogen-mediated OSAS by regulating Myhc-slow expression. The present study illustrates an important role of the estrogen/ERR-α axis in the pathogenesis of OSAS, and may represent an attractive therapeutic target, especially in postmenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- H H Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - J Lu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Y F Guan
- Department of Neurobiology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - S J Li
- Department of Neurobiology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - T T Hu
- Department of Anatamy, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Z S Xie
- Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - F Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - X H Peng
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - X Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - X Xu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - F P Zhao
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - B L Yu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - X P Li
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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