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Alkhidir S, El-Akouri K, Al-Dewik N, Khodjet-El-Khil H, Okashah S, Islam N, Ben-Omran T, Al-Shafai M. The genetic basis and the diagnostic yield of genetic testing related to nonsyndromic hearing loss in Qatar. Sci Rep 2024; 14:4202. [PMID: 38378725 PMCID: PMC10879212 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-52784-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Hearing loss is the most predominant sensory defect occurring in pediatrics, of which, 66% cases are attributed to genetic factors. The prevalence of hereditary hearing loss increases in consanguineous populations, and the prevalence of hearing loss in Qatar is 5.2%. We aimed to investigate the genetic basis of nonsyndromic hearing loss (NSHL) in Qatar and to evaluate the diagnostic yield of different genetic tests available. A retrospective chart review was conducted for 59 pediatric patients with NSHL referred to the Department of Adult and Pediatric Medical Genetics at Hamad Medical Corporation in Qatar, and who underwent at least one genetic test. Out of the 59 patients, 39 were solved cases due to 19 variants in 11 genes and two copy number variants that explained the NSHL phenotype. Of them 2 cases were initially uncertain and were reclassified using familial segregation. Around 36.8% of the single variants were in GJB2 gene and c.35delG was the most common recurrent variant seen in solved cases. We detected the c.283C > T variant in FGF3 that was seen in a Qatari patient and found to be associated with NSHL for the first time. The overall diagnostic yield was 30.7%, and the diagnostic yield was significantly associated with genetic testing using GJB2 sequencing and using the hearing loss (HL) gene panel. The diagnostic yield for targeted familial testing was 60% (n = 3 patients) and for gene panel was 50% (n = 5). Thus, we recommend using GJB2 gene sequencing as a first-tier genetic test and HL gene panel as a second-tier genetic test for NSHL. Our work provided new insights into the genetic pool of NSHL among Arabs and highlights its unique diversity, this is believed to help further in the diagnostic and management options for NSHL Arab patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaza Alkhidir
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Adult and Pediatric Medical Genetics, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Karen El-Akouri
- Department of Adult and Pediatric Medical Genetics, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
- Division of Genetic and Genomic Medicine, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Nader Al-Dewik
- Department of Adult and Pediatric Medical Genetics, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Houssein Khodjet-El-Khil
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Sarah Okashah
- Department of Adult and Pediatric Medical Genetics, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Nazmul Islam
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tawfeg Ben-Omran
- Department of Adult and Pediatric Medical Genetics, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar.
- Division of Genetic and Genomic Medicine, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Mashael Al-Shafai
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.
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Aliazami F, Gilani S, Farhud D, Naraghi M, Afshari M, Eslami M. Epidemiology, etiology, genetic variants in non- syndromic hearing loss in Iran: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2023; 168:111512. [PMID: 37086676 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2023.111512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Hearing loss is one of the most common heterogeneous complicated disorders worldwide. We previously analyzed the results of published data on non-syndromic hearing loss in the Iranian population systematically. A broad range of genes is a challenge for molecular screening and clinical diagnosis in our populations on the ground of distinct genetics. The aim of this study was to analyze the role and frequency of the variants accountable for non-syndromic hearing loss (NSHL) in the Iranian population. These were identified with different methods including whole exome sequencing (WES), next-generation sequencing (NGS), targeted genomic enrichment and massively parallel sequencing (TGE + MPS), autozygosity mapping, STR markers, linkage analysis, and direct sequencing. This is the comprehensively study focusing on classifying 13 common NSHL genes according to their frequencies. Previous studies have not studied different regions and the Iranian population, and this is the definitive study on the topic. METHODS We searched Scopus, PubMed, Science Direct databases, and Google Scholar. After a systematic review of the evidence 95 studies were considered then 31 studies were eligible for meta-analysis. In total, 6995 families, 358 variants, and 117 novel variants were included. Statistical analyses were conducted using Stata SE version 11 software. The inverse variance method enjoyed combining data. Heterogeneity of the preliminary results was assessed using Q (Cochrane test), and I square index. Random effects or fixed models were applied to combine the results, relying on the degree of heterogeneity. Point and pooled prevalence of variants acting on different regions were illustrated by forest plots. RESULTS The total prevalence of at least one variant of GJB2 and SLC26A genes was estimated at 26% and 5%, respectively. Variant c.35delG accounted for 18% of the GJB2 variants while 1% of these variants were novel ones. The next most common variants in the GJB2 gene were c.109G>A at 3.5% and c.-23+1G>A at 2.3%. Moreover, the prevalence of GJB2 gene variants varied on average 0.002% from one region to another in Iran (p=0.849). Our meta-analysis also showed that the frequency of at least one variant of MYO15A varied between 1.2% and 12.5%. Corresponding prevalences for the other variants were as follows: ILDR1 (3.5%-3.7%), CDH23 (2%-10%), PJVK (1.4%-33%), TECTA (1.3%-6.7%), MYO6 (2%-4.8%), TMC1 (1.8%-2%), MYO7A (0.7%-5%), MARVELD2 (0.7-5%), OTOF (0.7%-4%), LRTOMT (0.7%-2.5%). Finally, we did not find any relationship between geographic area and the presence of these variants. CONCLUSION GJB2 gene variants were the most common cause of NSHL in Iran. Understanding the prevalence of NSHL gene frequency in Iran may be the foundation for future studies in an Iranian population which may lead to future NSHL therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farnoush Aliazami
- Department of Genetics, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Sapideh Gilani
- Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology, University of California, San Diego, 200 West Arbor Drive, MC 8654, San Diego, CA, 92103, United States.
| | - Dariush Farhud
- School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Basic Sciences, Iranian Academy of Medical Sciences, Valiasr Sq., 22 Keshavarz Blvd, Tehran, 14, Iran.
| | - Mohsen Naraghi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, TUMS School of Medicine, Rhinology Research Society, Orphans World Wide, 4411 Sunbeam Rd., Jacksonville, FL, 32257, United States.
| | - Mahdi Afshari
- Department of Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Rajaee Street, Zabol, Iran.
| | - Maryam Eslami
- Department of Genetics, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
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Koohiyan M, Ahmadi A, Koohian F, Aghaei S, Amiri B, Hashemzadeh-Chaleshtori M. An update of spectrum and frequency of GJB2 mutations causing hearing loss in the south of Iran: A literature review. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2019; 119:136-140. [PMID: 30708180 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2019.01.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Mutations in the GJB2 gene are a major cause of autosomal recessive non-syndromic HL (ARNSHL) in many populations. Previous studies have estimated the average frequency of GJB2 mutations to be between 16 and 18% in Iran, but would vary among different ethnic groups. Here, we have taken together and reviewed results from our three previous publications and data from search other published mutation reports to provide a comprehensive collection of data for GJB2 mutations and HL in the south of Iran. METHODS In all, 447 unrelated families were included and analyzed for the prevalence and type of the GJB2 gene mutations. RESULTS Totally, the frequency of GJB2 mutations was found to be 11.5% in the southern provinces studied which is significantly lower than that identified in Northern populations of Iran, and also a southwest to southeast Iranian gradient in the frequency of GJB2 mutations is suggested. CONCLUSIONS This study highlights the importance of establishing prevalence, based on the local population for screening and diagnostic programs of live births in Iran.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahbobeh Koohiyan
- Cancer Research Center, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Ahmadi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Farideh Koohian
- Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Shahrzad Aghaei
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Advanced Technologies, Shahrekord of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Beheshteh Amiri
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Morteza Hashemzadeh-Chaleshtori
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran.
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Azadegan‐Dehkordi F, Ahmadi R, Koohiyan M, Hashemzadeh‐Chaleshtori M. Update of spectrum c.35delG and c.‐23+1G>A mutations on the
GJB2
gene in individuals with autosomal recessive nonsyndromic hearing loss. Ann Hum Genet 2018; 83:1-10. [DOI: 10.1111/ahg.12284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2017] [Revised: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Azadegan‐Dehkordi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences Shahrekord Iran
| | - Reza Ahmadi
- Clinical Biochemistry Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences Shahrekord Iran
| | - Mahbobeh Koohiyan
- Medical Plants Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences Shahrekord Iran
| | - Morteza Hashemzadeh‐Chaleshtori
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences Shahrekord Iran
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Solovyev AV, Barashkov NA, Bady-Khoo MS, Zytsar MV, Posukh OL, Romanov GP, Rafailov AM, Sazonov NN, Alexeev AN, Dzhemileva LU, Khusnutdinova EK, Fedorova SA. Reconstruction of SNP haplotypes with mutation c.-23+1G>A in human gene GJB2 (Chromosome 13) in some populations of Eurasia. RUSS J GENET+ 2017. [DOI: 10.1134/s1022795417080099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Ghasemnejad T, Shekari Khaniani M, Zarei F, Farbodnia M, Mansoori Derakhshan S. An update of common autosomal recessive non-syndromic hearing loss genes in Iranian population. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2017; 97:113-126. [PMID: 28483220 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2017.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2016] [Revised: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Autosomal-recessive genes are responsible for about 80% of the hereditary non-syndromic hearing loss (NSHL) cases. In Iran, due to consanguineous marriages, NSHL is the second most frequent disability after intellectual disability, occurring one in 16 individuals. Enormous heterogeneity in the genetic pathology of hearing loss causes a major challenge in identification of responsible genes. In Iran, GJB2 is responsible for the most cases of pre-lingual and non-syndromic hearing loss (with frequency of 16.7%) which followed by other genes with lower frequency. Although several studies have indicated that a large proportion of both syndromic and non-syndromic hearing loss in Iranian populations are caused by defects in just a few genes, new detection strategies such as NGS (Next-generation sequencing) have increased the spectrum of responsible mutations. However, by applying this technique in Iran patients screening, the role of lots of novel related genes have been reported. In this review, we aim to describe function of these genes and their contribution to non-syndromic genetic hearing loss in Iranian population and we classify the genes by their functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tohid Ghasemnejad
- Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Medical Genetic, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Fatemeh Zarei
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology at Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mina Farbodnia
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Saba University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Sima Mansoori Derakhshan
- Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Medical Genetic, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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Beheshtian M, Babanejad M, Azaiez H, Bazazzadegan N, Kolbe D, Sloan-Heggen C, Arzhangi S, Booth K, Mohseni M, Frees K, Azizi MH, Daneshi A, Farhadi M, Kahrizi K, Smith RJ, Najmabadi H. Heterogeneity of Hereditary Hearing Loss in Iran: a Comprehensive Review. ARCHIVES OF IRANIAN MEDICINE 2017; 19:720-728. [PMID: 27743438 DOI: 0161910/aim.0010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A significant contribution to the causes of hereditary hearing impairment comes from genetic factors. More than 120 genes and 160 loci have been identified to be involved in hearing impairment. Given that consanguine populations are more vulnerable to most inherited diseases, such as hereditary hearing loss (HHL), the genetic picture of HHL among the Iranian population, which consists of at least eight ethnic subgroups with a high rate of intermarriage, is expected to be highly heterogeneous. Using an electronic literature review through various databases such as PubMed, MEDLINE, and Scopus, we review the current picture of HHL in Iran. In this review, we present more than 39 deafness genes reported to cause non-syndromic HHL in Iran, of which the most prevalent causative genes include GJB2, SLC26A4, MYO15A, and MYO7A. In addition, we highlight some of the more common genetic causes of syndromic HHL in Iran. These results are of importance for further investigation and elucidation of the molecular basis of HHL in Iran and also for developing a national diagnostic tool tailored to the Iranian context enabling early and efficient diagnosis of hereditary hearing impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Beheshtian
- Genetics Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mojgan Babanejad
- Genetics Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hela Azaiez
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Niloofar Bazazzadegan
- Genetics Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Diana Kolbe
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Christina Sloan-Heggen
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Sanaz Arzhangi
- Genetics Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kevin Booth
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Marzieh Mohseni
- Genetics Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kathy Frees
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | | | - Ahmad Daneshi
- Head and Neck Surgery Department and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Farhadi
- Head and Neck Surgery Department and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kimia Kahrizi
- Genetics Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Richard Jh Smith
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Hossein Najmabadi
- Genetics Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Mutation spectrum of autosomal recessive non-syndromic hearing loss in central Iran. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2015; 79:1892-5. [PMID: 26409293 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2015.08.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Revised: 08/25/2015] [Accepted: 08/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify the spectrum of mutations in connexin 26 gene and frequency of two deletions in connexin 30 gene in central Iran. METHODS After extraction of DNA from 300 blood samples, connexin 26 gene coding region was amplified using specific primers. PCR products were used for bidirectional sequencing. Multiplex PCR was used for detection of del(GJB6-D13S1830) and del(GJB6-D13S1854) in the GJB6 gene. RESULTS Eighteen different mutations including two novel variants in GJB2 gene were detected. The GJB2 mutations were observed in 23.3% of all the subjects. In addition, none of the deaf patients carried the del(GJB6-D13S1830) and del(GJB6-D13S1854) in the GJB6 gene. The 35delG mutation was the most common mutation, accounting for 32.65% of the mutant alleles. CONCLUSION The present study indicates that mutations in the GJB2 gene particularly 35delG are important causes for ARNSHL. 60% of the patients were heterozygous carriers. Thus, further investigation is needed to detect the genetic cause of hearing loss in patients with mono allelic mutations in the coding region of GJB2.
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