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Trigeminal Sensory Supply Is Essential for Motor Recovery after Facial Nerve Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232315101. [PMID: 36499425 PMCID: PMC9740813 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Recovery of mimic function after facial nerve transection is poor. The successful regrowth of regenerating motor nerve fibers to reinnervate their targets is compromised by (i) poor axonal navigation and excessive collateral branching, (ii) abnormal exchange of nerve impulses between adjacent regrowing axons, namely axonal crosstalk, and (iii) insufficient synaptic input to the axotomized facial motoneurons. As a result, axotomized motoneurons become hyperexcitable but unable to discharge. We review our findings, which have addressed the poor return of mimic function after facial nerve injuries, by testing the hypothesized detrimental component, and we propose that intensifying the trigeminal sensory input to axotomized and electrophysiologically silent facial motoneurons improves the specificity of the reinnervation of appropriate targets. We compared behavioral, functional, and morphological parameters after single reconstructive surgery of the facial nerve (or its buccal branch) with those obtained after identical facial nerve surgery, but combined with direct or indirect stimulation of the ipsilateral infraorbital nerve. We found that both methods of trigeminal sensory stimulation, i.e., stimulation of the vibrissal hairs and manual stimulation of the whisker pad, were beneficial for the outcome through improvement of the quality of target reinnervation and recovery of vibrissal motor performance.
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Rosso MPDO, Rosa Júnior GM, Buchaim DV, German IJS, Pomini KT, de Souza RG, Pereira M, Favaretto Júnior IA, Bueno CRDS, Gonçalves JBDO, Ferreira Júnior RS, Barraviera B, Andreo JC, Buchaim RL. Stimulation of morphofunctional repair of the facial nerve with photobiomodulation, using the end-to-side technique or a new heterologous fibrin sealant. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2017; 175:20-28. [PMID: 28846931 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2017.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2017] [Revised: 08/13/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
This research evaluated the influence of Photobiomodulation Therapy (PBMT) on lesions of the facial nerve repaired with the end-to-side technique or coaptation with a new heterologous fibrin sealant. Thirty-two Wistar rats were separated into 5 groups: Control group (CG), where the buccal branch of the facial nerve was collected; Experimental Suture Group (ESG) and Experimental Fibrin Group (EFG), in which the buccal branch was end-to-side sutured to the zygomatic branch on the right side of the face or coaptated with fibrin sealant on the left side; Experimental Suture Laser Group (ESLG) and Experimental Fibrin Laser Group (EFLG), in which the same procedures were performed as the ESG and EFG, associated with PBMT (wavelength of 830nm, energy density 6.2J/cm2, power output 30mW, beam area of 0.116cm2, power density 0.26W/cm2, total energy per session 2.16J, cumulative dose of 34.56J). The laser was applied for 24s/site at 3 points on the skin's surface, for a total application time of 72s, performed immediately after surgery and 3 times a week for 5weeks. A statistically significant difference was observed in the fiber nerve area between the EFG and EFLG (57.49±3.13 and 62.52±3.56μm2, respectively). For the area of the axon, fiber diameter, axon diameter, myelin sheath area and myelin sheath thickness no statistically significant differences were found (p<0.05). The functional recovery of whisker movement occurred faster in the ESLG and EFLG, which were associated with PBMT, with results closer to the CG. Therefore, PBMT accelerated morphological and functional nerve repair in both techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Iris Jasmin Santos German
- Department of Biological Sciences (Anatomy), Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo (USP), Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Karina Torres Pomini
- Department of Biological Sciences (Anatomy), Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo (USP), Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Rafael Gomes de Souza
- Human Morphophysiology (Anatomy), University of Marilia (UNIMAR), Marilia, SP, Brazil
| | - Mizael Pereira
- Department of Biological Sciences (Anatomy), Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo (USP), Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Rui Seabra Ferreira Júnior
- Center for the Study of Venoms and Venomous Animals (CEVAP), São Paulo State University (Univ. Estadual Paulista, UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Benedito Barraviera
- Center for the Study of Venoms and Venomous Animals (CEVAP), São Paulo State University (Univ. Estadual Paulista, UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Jesus Carlos Andreo
- Department of Biological Sciences (Anatomy), Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo (USP), Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Rogério Leone Buchaim
- Department of Biological Sciences (Anatomy), Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo (USP), Bauru, SP, Brazil; Human Morphophysiology (Anatomy), University of Marilia (UNIMAR), Marilia, SP, Brazil
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Grosheva M, Rink S, Jansen R, Bendella H, Pavlov SP, Sarikcioglu L, Angelov DN, Dunlop SA. Early and continued manual stimulation is required for long‐term recovery after facial nerve injury. Muscle Nerve 2017; 57:100-106. [DOI: 10.1002/mus.25613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Revised: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Grosheva
- Department of Oto‐Rhino‐LaryngologyUniversity of CologneCologne Germany
| | - Svenja Rink
- Anatomical Institute IUniversity of CologneJoseph‐Stelzmann‐Strasse 9, D‐50924Köln Germany
| | - Ramona Jansen
- Anatomical Institute IUniversity of CologneJoseph‐Stelzmann‐Strasse 9, D‐50924Köln Germany
| | - Habib Bendella
- Department of NeurosurgeryUniversity of Witten/HerdeckeCologne Merheim Medical Center, Cologne Germany
| | | | - Levent Sarikcioglu
- Department of AnatomyAkdeniz University Faculty of MedicineAntalya Turkey
| | - Doychin N. Angelov
- Anatomical Institute IUniversity of CologneJoseph‐Stelzmann‐Strasse 9, D‐50924Köln Germany
| | - Sarah A. Dunlop
- Experimental and Regenerative Neuroscience, School of Biological SciencesThe University of Western AustraliaCrawley Western Australia Australia
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