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Karim J, Luhana MM. A Case Report of Sinonasal Primary Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2024; 76:2837-2839. [PMID: 38883524 PMCID: PMC11169402 DOI: 10.1007/s12070-023-04459-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
This case report presents a 64-year-old male diagnosed with sinonasal primary squamous cell carcinoma (SNSCC), a rare and aggressive upper aerodigestive tract malignancy. Initially, he presented with unilateral recurrent epistaxis. Imaging and histopathology confirmed the diagnosis. The patient's non-compliance with clinic appointments led to significant disease progression, culminating in his unfortunate demise. This case underscores the importance of early detection and continuous monitoring in SNSCC, given its nonspecific early symptoms and poor prognosis. It emphasizes the necessity for heightened suspicion in patients with recurrent or unresolved sinonasal complaints, as timely intervention is crucial for better outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jumana Karim
- ENT Department, Wrightingtington, Wigan and Leigh NHS Foundation Trust, Wigan, UK
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Lill C, Erovic BM, Seemann R, Faisal M, Stelter K, Gandler B, Frommlet F, Strobl A, Formanek M, Janik S. The role of elective neck dissection in T1 and T2 nasal cavity squamous cell carcinomas. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2023; 280:1875-1883. [PMID: 36342517 PMCID: PMC9988772 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-022-07718-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the role of elective neck dissection (END) on oncological outcome in early-stage nasal cavity squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs). METHODS In total, 87 patients with T1 (n = 59; 67.8%) and T2 (n = 28; 32.2%) SCCs were evaluated regarding performance of END, regional recurrences (RR) and its impact on cancer-specific survival (CSS). We further created a risk score based on T-classification, tumor subsite and grading to identify patients whom may benefit from END and calculated the corresponding numbers needed to treat (NNT) to prevent RR. RESULTS Nine (10.3%) patients experienced RR of whom 3 (5.1%) were T1 and 6 (21.4%) T2 tumors (p = 0.042). All RR originated from moderately or poorly differentiated (G2-G3) SCCs of the nasal septum or vestibule. END was done in 15 (17.2%) patients and none of those experienced RR (p = 0.121). Onset of RR represented the worst prognostic factor for CSS (HR 23.3; p = 0.007) with a 5y-CSS of 44.4% vs. 97.3% (p < 0.001). RR occurred in none of the patients with no or low risk scores compared to 31.6% (6/19) in patients with high-risk scores (p = 0.006). Accordingly, three high-risk patients would need to undergo END (NNT 2.63) to prevent RR compared to a NNT of 8 for the whole cohort. CONCLUSIONS Although rare, occurrence of RR significantly deteriorates outcome in early stage nasal cavity SCCs, which could be effectively reduced by performance of END. The importance of END is currently underestimated and our proposed risk score helps identifying those patients who will benefit from END.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Lill
- Institute of Head and Neck Diseases, Evangelical Hospital, Vienna, Austria
| | - Boban M Erovic
- Institute of Head and Neck Diseases, Evangelical Hospital, Vienna, Austria
| | - Rudolf Seemann
- Institute of Head and Neck Diseases, Evangelical Hospital, Vienna, Austria
| | - Muhammad Faisal
- Institute of Head and Neck Diseases, Evangelical Hospital, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Bernd Gandler
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Clinic Klagenfurt, Klagenfurt, Austria
| | - Florian Frommlet
- Center for Medical Statistics, Informatics, and Intelligent Systems, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Strobl
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Ordensklinikum Linz, Linz, Austria
| | - Michael Formanek
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Phonetics, Hospital of St. John of God, Vienna, Austria
- Medical School, Sigmund Freud University, Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefan Janik
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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Hebsgaard M, Eriksen P, Ramberg I, von Buchwald C. Human Papillomavirus in Sinonasal Malignancies. CURRENT OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGY REPORTS 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s40136-023-00448-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
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Li W, Zou Z, An N, Wang M, Liu X, Mei Z. A multifaceted and feasible prognostic model of amino acid metabolism-related genes in the immune response and tumor microenvironment of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas. Front Oncol 2022; 12:996222. [DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.996222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the role of amino acid metabolism (AAM) in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) tissues to explore its prognostic value and potential therapeutic strategies. A risk score based on four AAM-related genes (AMG) was constructed that could predict the prognosis of HNSCC. These four genes were up-regulated in HNSCC tissues and might act as oncogenes. Internal validation in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) by bootstrapping showed that patients with high-risk scores had a poorer prognosis than patients with low-risk scores, and this was confirmed in the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) cohort. There were also differences between the high-risk and low-risk groups in clinical information and different anatomical sites such as age, sex, TNM stage, grade stage, surgery or no surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, no radiotherapy, neck lymph node dissection or not, and neck lymphovascular invasion, larynx, overlapping lesion of lip, and oral cavity and pharynx tonsil of overall survival (OS). Immune-related characteristics, tumor microenvironment (TME) characteristics, and immunotherapy response were significantly different between high- and low-risk groups. The four AMGs were also found to be associated with the expression of markers of various immune cell subpopulations. Therefore, our comprehensive approach revealed the characterization of AAM in HNSCC to predict prognosis and guide clinical therapy.
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Issa K, Teitelbaum J, Smith BD, Wang F, Ackall F, Sargi Z, Rangarajan SV, Jung SH, Jang DW, Abi Hachem R. Nasal Cavity Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Factors Associated With Treatment Outcomes and Potential Organ Preservation. Am J Rhinol Allergy 2022; 37:35-42. [DOI: 10.1177/19458924221130133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Squamous cell carcinoma of the nasal cavity (NCSCC) is a rare, challenging malignancy. Surgical resection of this tumor can cause significant facial deformity, and indications for adjuvant or organ preservation therapies are not well-described. Objective To examine the impact of treatment regimen on survival outcomes in NCSCC and to compare surgical to non-surgical based therapies. Methods The National Cancer Database was queried for NCSCC from 2004 to 2014. Patient demographics, tumor characteristics, and treatment regimen were compared for the entire cohort. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression was performed for statistical analysis of treatment regimen and surgical margins on overall survival (OS) for early and late-stage disease. Results A total of 1883 NCSCC patients were identified. The OS for the cohort was 83 months, and median age at diagnosis was 65 years. NCSCC patients who underwent surgery followed by adjuvant radiation therapy (RT) had a better OS compared to definitive RT (HR: 0.58, P < .001). In early stage NCSCC (T1/T2, N0), there was no significant difference in OS between patients treated with surgery only or surgery with adjuvant RT compared to definitive RT. In advanced stage NCSCC, surgery with adjuvant RT had a better OS compared to definitive chemoradiation. Having positive margins was shown to predict a worse OS when compared to negative margins in surgical patients despite adjuvant RT or chemoradiation. Conclusions NCSCC appears to be best treated with surgery followed by adjuvant RT in advanced-stage disease whereas in early-stage disease, surgery does not improve OS compared to definitive RT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalil Issa
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery & Communication Sciences, Duke University Health System, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Jordan Teitelbaum
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery & Communication Sciences, Duke University Health System, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Blaine D. Smith
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery & Communication Sciences, Duke University Health System, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Frances Wang
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Feras Ackall
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery & Communication Sciences, Duke University Health System, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Zoukaa Sargi
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | - Sanjeet V. Rangarajan
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Sin-Ho Jung
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - David W Jang
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery & Communication Sciences, Duke University Health System, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Ralph Abi Hachem
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery & Communication Sciences, Duke University Health System, Durham, North Carolina
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Nguyen ES, Risbud A, Birkenbeuel JL, Murphy LS, Goshtasbi K, Pang JC, Abiri A, Lehrich BM, Haidar YM, Tjoa T, Kuan EC. Prognostic Factors and Outcomes of De Novo Sinonasal Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2021; 166:434-443. [PMID: 34253092 DOI: 10.1177/01945998211021023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To review overall survival (OS), recurrence patterns, and prognostic factors of de novo sinonasal squamous cell carcinoma (DN-SCC). DATA SOURCES PubMed, Scopus, OVID Medline, and Cochrane databases from 2006 to December 23, 2020. REVIEW METHODS The study followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. Articles were required to report either recurrence patterns or survival outcomes of adults with DN-SCC. Case reports, books, reviews, meta-analyses, and database studies were all excluded. RESULTS Forty-one studies reported on survival or recurrence outcomes. The aggregate 5-year OS was 54.5% (range, 18%-75%) from 35 studies (n = 1903). Patients undergoing open surgery were more likely to receive radiation therapy and present at an advanced stage compared to those receiving endoscopic surgery (all P < .001). Advanced T stage, presence of cervical nodal metastases, maxillary sinus primary site, and negative human papillomavirus (HPV) status were all correlated with significantly worse 5-year OS. Direct meta-analysis of 8 studies demonstrated patients with surgery were more likely to be alive at 5 years compared to those who did not receive surgery (odds ratio, 2.26; 95% CI, 1.48-3.47; P < .001). Recurrence was reported in 628 of 1471 patients from 26 studies (42.7%) with an aggregate 5-year locoregional control rate of 67.1% (range, 50.4%-93.3%). CONCLUSION This systematic review and meta-analysis suggests that the 5-year OS rate for DN-SCC may approach 54.5% and recurrence rate approaches 42.7%. In addition, various tumor characteristics including advanced T stage, positive nodal status, maxillary sinus origin, and negative HPV status are all associated with decreased survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily S Nguyen
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Adwight Risbud
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Jack L Birkenbeuel
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Linda S Murphy
- Science Library Reference Department, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Khodayar Goshtasbi
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Jonathan C Pang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Arash Abiri
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Brandon M Lehrich
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Pittsburgh and Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Yarah M Haidar
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Tjoson Tjoa
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Edward C Kuan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
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Gangl K, Janik S, Nemec U, Nemec S, Erovic BM. Sinonasal carcinoma and Ohngren's line: Retrospective cohort study of 39 patients. Clin Otolaryngol 2021; 46:1153-1158. [PMID: 33960647 DOI: 10.1111/coa.13797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Gangl
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefan Janik
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ursula Nemec
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefan Nemec
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Boban M Erovic
- Institute of Head and Neck Diseases, Evangelical Hospital Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Garcia de de Jesus K, Gupta S, Hwang RR, Vigoda I, Cisneros O. An Aggressive Case of Sinonasal Squamous Cell Carcinoma, Invasive to Bone, Arising Within Inverted Papilloma with Intracranial Extension: A Case Report. Cureus 2019; 11:e4508. [PMID: 31259117 PMCID: PMC6590862 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.4508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Sinonasal squamous cell carcinoma represents a rare and aggressive disease. Clinical presentation usually mimics other benign entities and consequently this malignancy is seldom diagnosed in early stages. Surgical management, although is standard of care, is rarely amenable due to the structures involved, usually intracranially. This article encompasses a case report of squamous cell carcinoma involving the ethmoidal, maxillary, and sphenoid sinuses invasive to bone and extending intracranially.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sorab Gupta
- Oncology, St. Barnabas Hospital Health System / Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, USA
| | - Richard R Hwang
- Pathology, St. Barnabas Hospital Health System / Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, USA
| | - Ivette Vigoda
- Oncology, St. Barnabas Hospital Health System / Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, USA
| | - Oscar Cisneros
- Internal Medicine, St. Barnabas Hospital Health System / Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, USA
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