1
|
Mahesh PA, Moitra S, Mabalirajan U, Garg M, Malamardi S, Vedanthan PK, Christopher DJ, Agrawal A, Krishna MT. Allergic diseases in India - Prevalence, risk factors and current challenges. Clin Exp Allergy 2023; 53:276-294. [PMID: 36181726 DOI: 10.1111/cea.14239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have shown a rise in the prevalence of allergic diseases in India during the last two decades. However, recent evidence from the Global Asthma Network study has observed a decrease in allergic rhinitis, asthma and atopic dermatitis in children. Still, with a population over 1.3 billion, there is a huge burden of allergic rhinitis, asthma and atopic dermatitis, and this is compounded by an unmet demand for trained allergy specialists and poor health service framework. There is wide variation in the prevalence of allergic diseases between different geographical locations in India, and the reasons are unclear at present. This may at least in part be attributable to considerable heterogeneity in aero-biology, weather, air pollution levels, cultural and religious factors, diet, socioeconomic strata and literacy. At present, factors enhancing risks and those protecting from development of atopy and allergic diseases have not been well delineated, although there is some evidence for the influence of genetic factors alongside cultural and environmental variables such as diet, exposure to tobacco smoke and air pollution and residence in urban areas. This narrative review provides an overview of data from India regarding epidemiology, risk factors and genetics and highlights gaps in evidence as well as areas for future research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Padukudru Anand Mahesh
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, JSS Medical College, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysore, India
| | - Saibal Moitra
- Department of Allergy and Immunology, Apollo Gleneagles Hospital, Kolkota, India
| | - Ulaganathan Mabalirajan
- Molecular Pathobiology of Respiratory Diseases, Cell Biology and Physiology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India.,Center of Excellence, Translational Research in Asthma & Lung Disease, CSIR-Institute of Genomics & Integrative Biology, Delhi, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Mayank Garg
- Center of Excellence, Translational Research in Asthma & Lung Disease, CSIR-Institute of Genomics & Integrative Biology, Delhi, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Sowmya Malamardi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, JSS Medical College, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysore, India.,School of Psychology & Public Health, College of Science Health and Engineering, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Pudupakkam K Vedanthan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Immunology, The University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | | | - Anurag Agrawal
- Center of Excellence, Translational Research in Asthma & Lung Disease, CSIR-Institute of Genomics & Integrative Biology, Delhi, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Mamidipudi Thirumala Krishna
- Department of Allergy and Immunology, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, and Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Laha A, Moitra S, Podder S. A review on aero-allergen induced allergy in India. Clin Exp Allergy 2023. [PMID: 36756731 DOI: 10.1111/cea.14266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Allergic diseases such as bronchial asthma, rhinitis and eczema are an important public health issue globally in 21st century. Their prevalence and impact in India is high, in terms of total numbers of people affected. Due to diverse climate and lifestyle, the Indian population is exposed to a rich and varied range of aerobiological particles. In the last two decades in India, 83 pollens, 34 fungi, six dust mite and 19 insect species were reported as allergenic, often contributing to heavy allergenic exposure in indoor and outdoor environments. There are currently few practitioners who offer allergy diagnosis and treatment in India, but there is active basic and molecular research aiming to improve the health of allergic patients. This review explores the field of aero-allergy in India during the last two decades, with special emphasis on prevalence across various centres and relevant scientific advances such as genetic associations and new therapeutics. This review will be helpful for clinicians to select aero-allergens for sensitisation testing in patients suffering from symptoms in different regions of India, and to support patients undertaking prophylaxis of allergic symptoms in India according to local environmental conditions. This study also helps to define patient selection for allergy testing and the role of test results in guiding allergic disease management in the Indian context. Finally, we summarize genetic findings relevant to aero-allergy in India and discuss the development of novel therapeutics for investigation and management of aero-allergy in India.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arghya Laha
- Ecology and Allergology Lab, Department of Zoology, The University of Burdwan, Bardhaman, West Bengal, India
| | - Saibal Moitra
- Apollo Multispecialty Hospitals, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Sanjoy Podder
- Ecology and Allergology Lab, Department of Zoology, The University of Burdwan, Bardhaman, West Bengal, India
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Associations of TIM-1 Genetic Polymorphisms with Asthma: A Meta-analysis. Lung 2017; 195:353-360. [PMID: 28434117 DOI: 10.1007/s00408-017-0006-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Recently, the roles of TIM-1 genetic polymorphisms in asthma have been extensively studied, with conflicting results. Therefore, we performed the present meta-analysis to better assess potential associations of TIM-1 genetic polymorphisms with asthma. METHODS Eligible articles were searched in PubMed, Medline, EMBASE, Google Scholar, and CNKI up to December 2016. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to detect any potential associations between TIM-1 genetic polymorphisms and asthma. RESULTS A total of 12 articles including 3120 asthma patients and 2825 control subjects were analyzed. The overall and subgroup analyses revealed that TIM-1-416G>C single nucleotide polymorphism was significantly associated with asthma for the Asian population in the codominant (G/G vs. G/C, p = 0.0003, OR 1.86, 95% CI 1.33-2.60) and dominant (G/G vs. G/C + C/C, p < 0.0001, OR 1.94, 95% CI 1.40-2.69) genetic models. Nevertheless, we failed to detect any significant associations between TIM-1-416G>C single nucleotide polymorphism and asthma in Caucasians. Additionally, according to our analyses, TIM-1 5383_5397 insertion/deletion polymorphism was not correlated with asthma in both Asians and Caucasians. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, our findings suggest that TIM-1-416G>C single nucleotide polymorphism is associated with asthma susceptibility for the Asian ethnicity in certain genetic models. However, TIM-1 5383_5397 insertion/deletion polymorphism may not be correlated with the risk of asthma.
Collapse
|
4
|
Ferluga J, Kouser L, Murugaiah V, Sim RB, Kishore U. Potential influences of complement factor H in autoimmune inflammatory and thrombotic disorders. Mol Immunol 2017; 84:84-106. [PMID: 28216098 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2017.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Revised: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Complement system homeostasis is important for host self-protection and anti-microbial immune surveillance, and recent research indicates roles in tissue development and remodelling. Complement also appears to have several points of interaction with the blood coagulation system. Deficiency and altered function due to gene mutations and polymorphisms in complement effectors and regulators, including Factor H, have been associated with familial and sporadic autoimmune inflammatory - thrombotic disorders, in which autoantibodies play a part. These include systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, atypical haemolytic uremic syndrome, anti-phospholipid syndrome and age-related macular degeneration. Such diseases are generally complex - multigenic and heterogeneous in their symptoms and predisposition/susceptibility. They usually need to be triggered by vascular trauma, drugs or infection and non-complement genetic factors also play a part. Underlying events seem to include decline in peripheral regulatory T cells, dendritic cell, and B cell tolerance, associated with alterations in lymphoid organ microenvironment. Factor H is an abundant protein, synthesised in many cell types, and its reported binding to many different ligands, even if not of high affinity, may influence a large number of molecular interactions, together with the accepted role of Factor H within the complement system. Factor H is involved in mesenchymal stem cell mediated tolerance and also contributes to self-tolerance by augmenting iC3b production and opsonisation of apoptotic cells for their silent dendritic cell engulfment via complement receptor CR3, which mediates anti-inflammatory-tolerogenic effects in the apoptotic cell context. There may be co-operation with other phagocytic receptors, such as complement C1q receptors, and the Tim glycoprotein family, which specifically bind phosphatidylserine expressed on the apoptotic cell surface. Factor H is able to discriminate between self and nonself surfaces for self-protection and anti-microbe defence. Factor H, particularly as an abundant platelet protein, may also modulate blood coagulation, having an anti-thrombotic role. Here, we review a number of interaction pathways in coagulation and in immunity, together with associated diseases, and indicate where Factor H may be expected to exert an influence, based on reports of the diversity of ligands for Factor H.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Janez Ferluga
- Biosciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UB8 3PH, United Kingdom
| | - Lubna Kouser
- Biosciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UB8 3PH, United Kingdom
| | - Valarmathy Murugaiah
- Biosciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UB8 3PH, United Kingdom
| | - Robert B Sim
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3QT, United Kingdom
| | - Uday Kishore
- Biosciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UB8 3PH, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Mosaad YM, El-Bassiony SR, El-Ghaweet AE, Elhindawy MM, El-Deek BS, Sultan WA. TIM-1 rs41297579 G>A (-1454) and TIM-4 rs7700944 gene polymorphisms as possible risk factor for rheumatoid arthritis: relation to activity and severity. Int J Immunogenet 2015; 42:254-64. [PMID: 25899833 DOI: 10.1111/iji.12201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2015] [Revised: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This study was aimed to evaluate the impact of both TIM-1 rs41297579 G>A (-1454) and TIM-4 rs7700944 polymorphisms on susceptibility to rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in a cohort of Egyptian population and to evaluate for the first time their relation to activity, severity, disease-related disability and erosion. TIM-1 rs41297579 G>A (-1454) and TIM-4 rs7700944 gene polymorphisms were typed by RFLP for 128 patients with RA and 125 healthy controls. The A allele, A-containing genotypes (GA and AA) of the TIM-4 and GA haplotype were present with significant higher frequency in patients with RA than healthy controls (Pc < 0.001). These findings suggest that the A allele, A-containing genotypes (GA and AA) and GA haplotype may be a susceptibility risk factor for RA [OR = 5.83 (3.6-9.4), OR = 9.41 (5.0-17.6) and OR = 4.21 (1.07-19.2), respectively]. No associations were found between TIM genotypes and disease activity, severity or presence of erosion. However, the RA patients with GA genotype of TIM-4 have higher grade of rheumatoid factor (RF) positivity (P = 0.018), and have worse disease-related disability (P = 0.007) and worse pain (0.025). TIM-4 rs7700944 and not TIM-1 rs41297579 G>A (-1454) is associated with RA in the present cohort of Egyptian and may be a risk factor for development of RA in Egyptian. Both SNPs have no effect on disease activity, severity or erosion. However, TIM-4 GA genotype is associated with higher grade of RF positivity and worse disease-related disability and pain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y M Mosaad
- Clinical Immunology Unit, Clinical Pathology Department & Mansoura Research Center for Cord Stem Cells (MARC_CSC), Mansoura Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - S R El-Bassiony
- Rheumatology and Rehabilitation Department, Mansoura University Hospital, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - A E El-Ghaweet
- Rheumatology and Rehabilitation Department, Mansoura University Hospital, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - M M Elhindawy
- Rheumatology and Rehabilitation Department, Mansoura University Hospital, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - B S El-Deek
- Community Medicine and Statistics Department, Mansoura Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura, Egypt.,Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdul-Aziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - W A Sultan
- Rheumatology and Rehabilitation Department, Mansoura University Hospital, Mansoura, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|