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Pereira RF, Mauro GP, Medici CTM, Casimiro LC, Weltman E. Radiotherapy in Adult Burkitt Lymphoma: A Retrospective Analysis in a Large University Center. Indian J Hematol Blood Transfus 2021; 38:508-515. [DOI: 10.1007/s12288-021-01495-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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Kumar C, Sharma R, Repaka KM, Pareri AU, Dash A. Camptothecin enhances 131I-rituximab-induced G1-arrest and apoptosis in Burkitt lymphoma cells. J Cancer Res Ther 2021; 17:943-950. [PMID: 34528546 DOI: 10.4103/jcrt.jcrt_1012_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Background Rituximab is a chimeric monoclonal antibody against CD20. It is an established immunotherapeutic agent for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Even though rituximab has been used in clinics for decades, only 50% of the patients respond to rituximab therapy. To enhance the in vitro effect of rituximab, it was labeled with Iodine-131 (131I) and combined effect of 131I-rituximab and camptothecin (CPT) was studied on a tumor cell line expressing CD20. Objective The aim is to study the magnitude of cell killing and the underlying mechanism responsible for enhancing in vitro therapeutic efficacy. Materials and Methods Rituximab was labeled with 131I by the iodogen method. Raji cells were pretreated with CPT (250 nM) for an hour followed by 131I-rituximab (0.37 and 3.7 MBq) and incubated for 24 h in a humidified atmosphere of CO2 incubator at 37°C. Subsequently, Raji cells were harvested and thoroughly washed to carry out studies of cellular toxicity, apoptosis, cell cycle, and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways. Results Maximal inhibition of cell proliferation and enhancement of apoptotic cell death was observed in the cells treated with the combination of CPT and 131I-rituximab, compared to controls of CPT-treated and 131I-rituximab-treated cells. Raji cells undergo G1 arrest after 131I-rituximab treatment, which leads to apoptosis and was confirmed by the downregulation of bclxl protein. Expression of p38 was decreased while an increase in phosphorylation of p38 was observed in the combination treatment of CPT and 131I-rituximab. Conclusions It was concluded from the findings that CPT enhanced 131I-rituximab-induced apoptosis, G1 cell cycle arrest and p38 MAPK phosphorylation in Raji cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandan Kumar
- Radiopharmaceuticals Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Rohit Sharma
- Radiopharmaceuticals Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Krishna Mohan Repaka
- Radiopharmaceutical Quality Control Program, Board of Radiation and Isotope Technology, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | | | - Ashutosh Dash
- Radiopharmaceuticals Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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Allegra AG, Mannino F, Innao V, Musolino C, Allegra A. Radioprotective Agents and Enhancers Factors. Preventive and Therapeutic Strategies for Oxidative Induced Radiotherapy Damages in Hematological Malignancies. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9111116. [PMID: 33198328 PMCID: PMC7696711 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9111116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiation therapy plays a critical role in the management of a wide range of hematologic malignancies. It is well known that the post-irradiation damages both in the bone marrow and in other organs are the main causes of post-irradiation morbidity and mortality. Tumor control without producing extensive damage to the surrounding normal cells, through the use of radioprotectors, is of special clinical relevance in radiotherapy. An increasing amount of data is helping to clarify the role of oxidative stress in toxicity and therapy response. Radioprotective agents are substances that moderate the oxidative effects of radiation on healthy normal tissues while preserving the sensitivity to radiation damage in tumor cells. As well as the substances capable of carrying out a protective action against the oxidative damage caused by radiotherapy, other substances have been identified as possible enhancers of the radiotherapy and cytotoxic activity via an oxidative effect. The purpose of this review was to examine the data in the literature on the possible use of old and new substances to increase the efficacy of radiation treatment in hematological diseases and to reduce the harmful effects of the treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Gaetano Allegra
- Radiation Oncology Unit, Department of Biomedical, Experimental, and Clinical Sciences “Mario Serio”, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, University of Florence, 50100 Florence, Italy;
| | - Federica Mannino
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, c/o AOU Policlinico G. Martino, Via C. Valeria Gazzi, 98125 Messina, Italy;
| | - Vanessa Innao
- Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood “Gaetano Barresi”, Division of Haematology, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (V.I.); (C.M.)
| | - Caterina Musolino
- Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood “Gaetano Barresi”, Division of Haematology, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (V.I.); (C.M.)
| | - Alessandro Allegra
- Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood “Gaetano Barresi”, Division of Haematology, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (V.I.); (C.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-090-221-2364
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Reactive Oxygen Species-Mediated Mechanisms of Action of Targeted Cancer Therapy. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017. [PMID: 28698765 DOI: 10.1155/2017/1485283,] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Targeted cancer therapies, involving tyrosine kinase inhibitors and monoclonal antibodies, for example, have recently led to substantial prolongation of survival in many metastatic cancers. Compared with traditional chemotherapy and radiotherapy, where reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been directly linked to the mediation of cytotoxic effects and adverse events, the field of oxidative stress regulation is still emerging in targeted cancer therapies. Here, we provide a comprehensive review regarding the current evidence of ROS-mediated effects of antibodies and tyrosine kinase inhibitors, use of which has been indicated in the treatment of solid malignancies and lymphomas. It can be concluded that there is rapidly emerging evidence of ROS-mediated effects of some of these compounds, which is also relevant in the context of drug resistance and how to overcome it.
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Teppo HR, Soini Y, Karihtala P. Reactive Oxygen Species-Mediated Mechanisms of Action of Targeted Cancer Therapy. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:1485283. [PMID: 28698765 PMCID: PMC5494102 DOI: 10.1155/2017/1485283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Revised: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Targeted cancer therapies, involving tyrosine kinase inhibitors and monoclonal antibodies, for example, have recently led to substantial prolongation of survival in many metastatic cancers. Compared with traditional chemotherapy and radiotherapy, where reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been directly linked to the mediation of cytotoxic effects and adverse events, the field of oxidative stress regulation is still emerging in targeted cancer therapies. Here, we provide a comprehensive review regarding the current evidence of ROS-mediated effects of antibodies and tyrosine kinase inhibitors, use of which has been indicated in the treatment of solid malignancies and lymphomas. It can be concluded that there is rapidly emerging evidence of ROS-mediated effects of some of these compounds, which is also relevant in the context of drug resistance and how to overcome it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna-Riikka Teppo
- Department of Pathology, Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Ylermi Soini
- Department of Pathology, Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Peeter Karihtala
- Department of Oncology and Radiotherapy, Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
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Two Saporin-Containing Immunotoxins Specific for CD20 and CD22 Show Different Behavior in Killing Lymphoma Cells. Toxins (Basel) 2017; 9:toxins9060182. [PMID: 28556822 PMCID: PMC5488032 DOI: 10.3390/toxins9060182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Revised: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotoxins (ITs) are hybrid proteins combining the binding specificity of antibodies with the cytocidal properties of toxins. They represent a promising approach to lymphoma therapy. The cytotoxicity of two immunotoxins obtained by chemical conjugation of the plant toxin saporin-S6 with the anti-CD20 chimeric antibody rituximab and the anti-CD22 murine antibody OM124 were evaluated on the CD20-/CD22-positive cell line Raji. Both ITs showed strong cytotoxicity for Raji cells, but the anti-CD22 IT was two logs more efficient in killing, probably because of its faster internalization. The anti-CD22 IT gave slower but greater caspase activation than the anti-CD20 IT. The cytotoxic effect of both immunotoxins can be partially prevented by either the pan-caspase inhibitor Z-VAD or the necroptosis inhibitor necrostatin-1. Oxidative stress seems to be involved in the cell killing activity of anti-CD20 IT, as demonstrated by the protective role of the H2O2 scavenger catalase, but not in that of anti-CD22 IT. Moreover, the IT toxicity can be augmented by the contemporary administration of other chemotherapeutic drugs, such as PS-341, MG-132, and fludarabine. These results contribute to the understanding of the immunotoxin mechanism of action that is required for their clinical use, either alone or in combination with other drugs.
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Ding Y, Zhu W, Sun R, Yuan G, Zhang D, Fan Y, Sun J. Diphenylene iodonium interferes with cell cycle progression and induces apoptosis by modulating NAD(P)H oxidase/ROS/cell cycle regulatory pathways in Burkitt's lymphoma cells. Oncol Rep 2015; 33:1434-42. [PMID: 25591797 DOI: 10.3892/or.2015.3726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2014] [Accepted: 12/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Infection with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and its encoded latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1) play oncogenic roles in Burkitt's lymphoma (BL). Flow cytometry was used to measure cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) concentrations, and cellular lactate generation and diphenylene iodonium (DPI) cytotoxicity were determined by analyzing lactate concentrations and cell viability. We also measured NAD(P)H oxidase (NOX) activity. Reverse transcriptase PCR and qPCR assays were used to analyze LMP1 levels, and protein expression was measured by immunoblotting. In the present study, EBV was able to induce NOX activity and ROS generation in the BL cells. Inhibition of NOX activity by DPI suppressed ROS levels and elevated lactate levels. DPI treatment first resulted in a G2-M phase cell cycle arrest and then induced significant apoptosis. Immunoblot analysis demonstrated that DPI suppressed the expression of c-Myc and Cdc25A within 6 h, which may have caused the cell cycle arrest. Collectively, these findings indicate a close relationship between EBV infection and NOX activation, permitting a deeper understanding of ROS inhibition in cell cycle regulation and providing a novel therapeutic target for BL treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Ding
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, P.R. China
| | - Wenjun Zhu
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, P.R. China
| | - Rui Sun
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, P.R. China
| | - Gang Yuan
- First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, P.R. China
| | - Dongsheng Zhang
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, P.R. China
| | - Yuhua Fan
- First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, P.R. China
| | - Jian Sun
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, P.R. China
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Wu Y, Liu GL, Liu SH, Wang CX, Xu YL, Ying Y, Mao P. MicroRNA-148b enhances the radiosensitivity of non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma cells by promoting radiation-induced apoptosis. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2012; 53:516-25. [PMID: 22843616 PMCID: PMC3393342 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rrs002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2011] [Revised: 02/17/2012] [Accepted: 02/17/2012] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Growing evidence has demonstrated that microRNAs (miRNAs) play an important role in regulating cellular radiosensitivity. This study aimed to explore the role of miRNAs in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) radiosensitivity. Microarray was employed to compare the miRNA expression profiles in B cell lymphoma cell line Raji before and after a 2-Gy dose of radiation. A total of 20 differentially expressed miRNAs were identified including 10 up-regulated and 10 down-regulated (defined as P < 0.05). Among the differentially expressed miRNAs, miR-148b was up-regulated 1.53-fold in response to radiation treatment. A quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay confirmed the up-regulation of miR-148b after radiation. Transient transfection experiments showed that miR-148b was up-regulated by miR-148b mimic and down-regulated by miR-148b inhibitor in the Raji cells. A proliferation assay showed that miR-148b could inhibit the proliferation of Raji cells before and after radiation. A clonogenic assay demonstrated that miR-148b sensitized Raji cells to radiotherapy. MiR-148b did not affect the cell cycle profile of post-radiation Raji cells compared with controls. An apoptosis assay showed that miR-148b enhanced apoptosis of Raji cells after irradiation. Taken together, these results demonstrate that miR-148b increased the radiosensitivity of NHL cells probably by promoting radiation-induced apoptosis, which suggests that miR-148b plays an important role in the response of NHL to ionizing radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Wu
- Department of Hematology, Guangzhou First Municipal People's Hospital Affiliated to Guangzhou Medical College, 1 Panfu Road, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China, 510180
- Department of Oncology, Guangzhou First Municipal People's Hospital Affiliated to Guangzhou Medical College, 1 Panfu Road, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China, 510180
| | - Guo-Long Liu
- Department of Oncology, Guangzhou First Municipal People's Hospital Affiliated to Guangzhou Medical College, 1 Panfu Road, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China, 510180
| | - Si-Hong Liu
- Department of Surgery, Guangzhou First Municipal People's Hospital Affiliated to Guangzhou Medical College, 1 Panfu Road, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China, 510180
| | - Cai-Xia Wang
- Department of Hematology, Guangzhou First Municipal People's Hospital Affiliated to Guangzhou Medical College, 1 Panfu Road, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China, 510180
| | - Yan-Li Xu
- Department of Hematology, Guangzhou First Municipal People's Hospital Affiliated to Guangzhou Medical College, 1 Panfu Road, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China, 510180
| | - Yi Ying
- Department of Hematology, Guangzhou First Municipal People's Hospital Affiliated to Guangzhou Medical College, 1 Panfu Road, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China, 510180
| | - Ping Mao
- Department of Hematology, Guangzhou First Municipal People's Hospital Affiliated to Guangzhou Medical College, 1 Panfu Road, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China, 510180
- Corresponding author: Tel: +86(20)81048163; Fax: +86(20)81048163;
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Fengling M, Qingxiang G, Lijia Z, Wei Z. Influx of extracellular calcium participates in rituximab-enhanced ionizing radiation-induced apoptosis in Raji cells. Toxicol Lett 2012; 209:221-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2011.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2011] [Revised: 12/22/2011] [Accepted: 12/28/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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