1
|
Kataoka T, Ishida T, Naoe S, Kanzaki N, Sakoda A, Tanaka H, Mitsunobu F, Yamaoka K. Potential inhibitory effects of low-dose thoron inhalation and ascorbic acid administration on alcohol-induced hepatopathy in mice. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2022; 63:719-729. [PMID: 35818298 PMCID: PMC9494542 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rrac046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Although thoron inhalation exerts antioxidative effects in several organs, there are no reports on whether it inhibits oxidative stress-induced damage. In this study, we examined the combined effects of thoron inhalation and ascorbic acid (AA) administration on alcohol-induced liver damage. Mice were subjected to thoron inhalation at 500 or 2000 Bq/m3 and were administered 50% ethanol (alcohol) and 300 mg/kg AA. Results showed that although alcohol administration increased the levels of glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) and glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT) in the serum, the combination of thoron inhalation (500 Bq/m3) and AA administration 24 h after alcohol administration effectively inhibited alcohol-induced liver damage. The combination of thoron inhalation (500 Bq/m3) and AA administration 24 h after alcohol administration increased catalase (CAT) activity. Alcohol administration significantly decreased glutathione (GSH) levels in the liver. The GSH content in the liver after 2000 Bq/m3 thoron inhalation was lower than that after 500 Bq/m3 thoron inhalation. These findings suggest that the combination of thoron inhalation at 500 Bq/m3 and AA administration has positive effects on the recovery from alcohol-induced liver damage. The results also suggested that thoron inhalation at 500 Bq/m3 was more effective than that at 2000 Bq/m3, possibly because of the decrease in GSH content in the liver. In conclusion, the combination of thoron inhalation at 500 Bq/m3 and AA administration promoted an early recovery from alcohol-induced liver damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Kataoka
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Okayama University, 5-1 Shikata-cho 2-chome, Kita-ku, Okayama-shi, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Ishida
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Okayama University, 5-1 Shikata-cho 2-chome, Kita-ku, Okayama-shi, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Shota Naoe
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Okayama University, 5-1 Shikata-cho 2-chome, Kita-ku, Okayama-shi, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Norie Kanzaki
- Ningyo-toge Environmental Engineering Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, 1550 Kamisaibara, Kagamino-cho, Tomata-gun, Okayama 708-0698, Japan
| | - Akihiro Sakoda
- Ningyo-toge Environmental Engineering Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, 1550 Kamisaibara, Kagamino-cho, Tomata-gun, Okayama 708-0698, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Tanaka
- Ningyo-toge Environmental Engineering Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, 1550 Kamisaibara, Kagamino-cho, Tomata-gun, Okayama 708-0698, Japan
| | - Fumihiro Mitsunobu
- Graduate School of Medicine Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 5-1 Shikata-cho 2-chome, Kita-ku, Okayama-shi, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Kiyonori Yamaoka
- Corresponding author. Graduate School of Health Sciences, Okayama University, 51 Shikata-cho, 2-chome, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan. Phone: +81-86-235-6852; E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Hofmann W, Lettner H, Hubmer A. Dosimetric Comparison of Exposure Pathways to Human Organs and Tissues in Radon Therapy. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:10870. [PMID: 34682614 PMCID: PMC8535235 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182010870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Three therapeutic applications are presently prescribed in the radon spas in Gastein, Austria: exposure to radon in a thermal bath, exposure to radon vapor in an exposure chamber (vapor bath), and exposure to radon in the thermal gallery, a former mine. The radiological exposure pathways to human organs and tissues in these therapeutic radon applications are inhalation of radon and radon progeny via the lungs, radon transfer from water or air through the skin, and radon-progeny deposition on the skin in water or air. The objectives of the present study were to calculate radon and radon-progeny doses for selected organs and tissues for the different exposure pathways and therapeutic applications. Doses incurred in red bone marrow, liver, kidneys, and Langerhans cells in the skin may be correlated with potential therapeutic benefits, while doses to the lungs and the basal cells of the skin indicate potential carcinogenic effects. The highest organ doses among the three therapeutic applications were produced in the thermal gallery by radon progeny via inhalation, with lung doses of 5.0 mSv, and attachment to the skin, with skin doses of 4.4 mSv, while the radon contribution was less significant. For comparison, the primary exposure pathways in the thermal bath are the radon uptake through the skin, with lung doses of 334 μSv, and the radon-progeny attachment to the skin, with skin doses of 216 μSv, while the inhalation route can safely be neglected.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Werner Hofmann
- Biological Physics, Department of Chemistry and Physics of Materials, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunner Str. 34, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (H.L.); (A.H.)
| | - Herbert Lettner
- Biological Physics, Department of Chemistry and Physics of Materials, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunner Str. 34, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (H.L.); (A.H.)
- Radiological Measurement Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and Physics of Materials, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunner Str. 34, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Alexander Hubmer
- Biological Physics, Department of Chemistry and Physics of Materials, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunner Str. 34, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (H.L.); (A.H.)
- Radiological Measurement Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and Physics of Materials, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunner Str. 34, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Sakoda A, Ishimori Y, Kanzaki N, Tanaka H, Kataoka T, Mitsunobu F, Yamaoka K. Dosimetry of radon progeny deposited on skin in air and thermal water. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2021; 62:634-644. [PMID: 34057180 PMCID: PMC8273796 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rrab030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
It is held that the skin dose from radon progeny is not negligibly small and that introducing cancer is a possible consequence under normal circumstances as there are a number of uncertainties in terms of related parameters such as activity concentrations in air and water, target cells in skin, skin covering materials, and deposition velocities. An interesting proposal has emerged in that skin exposure to natural radon-rich thermal water as part of balneotherapy can produce an immune response to induce beneficial health effects. The goal of this study was to obtain generic dose coefficients with a focus on the radon progeny deposited on the skin in air or water in relation to risk or treatment assessments. We thus first estimated the skin deposition velocities of radon progeny in air and thermal water based on data from the latest human studies. Skin dosimetry was then performed under different assumptions regarding alpha-emitting source position and target cell (i.e. basal cells or Langerhans cells). Furthermore, the impact of the radon progeny deposition on effective doses from all exposure pathways relating to 'radon exposure' was assessed using various possible scenarios. It was found that in both exposure media, effective doses from radon progeny inhalation are one to four orders of magnitude higher than those from the other pathways. In addition, absorbed doses on the skin can be the highest among all pathways when the radon activity concentrations in water are two or more orders of magnitude higher than those in air.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Sakoda
- Ningyo-toge Environmental Engineering Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, 1550 Kamisaibara, Kagamino-cho, Tomata-gun, Okayama 708-0698, Japan
| | - Yuu Ishimori
- Ningyo-toge Environmental Engineering Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, 1550 Kamisaibara, Kagamino-cho, Tomata-gun, Okayama 708-0698, Japan
- Prototype Fast Breeder Reactor Monju, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, 2-1 Shiraki, Tsuruga-shi, Fukui 919-1279, Japan
| | - Norie Kanzaki
- Ningyo-toge Environmental Engineering Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, 1550 Kamisaibara, Kagamino-cho, Tomata-gun, Okayama 708-0698, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Tanaka
- Ningyo-toge Environmental Engineering Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, 1550 Kamisaibara, Kagamino-cho, Tomata-gun, Okayama 708-0698, Japan
| | - Takahiro Kataoka
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Okayama University, 5-1 Shikata-cho 2-chome, Kita-ku, Okayama-shi, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Fumihiro Mitsunobu
- Graduate School of Medicine Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 5-1 Shikata-cho 2-chome, Kita-ku, Okayama-shi, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Kiyonori Yamaoka
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Okayama University, 5-1 Shikata-cho 2-chome, Kita-ku, Okayama-shi, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Maier A, Wiedemann J, Rapp F, Papenfuß F, Rödel F, Hehlgans S, Gaipl US, Kraft G, Fournier C, Frey B. Radon Exposure-Therapeutic Effect and Cancer Risk. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:ijms22010316. [PMID: 33396815 PMCID: PMC7796069 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Largely unnoticed, all life on earth is constantly exposed to low levels of ionizing radiation. Radon, an imperceptible natural occurring radioactive noble gas, contributes as the largest single fraction to radiation exposure from natural sources. For that reason, radon represents a major issue for radiation protection. Nevertheless, radon is also applied for the therapy of inflammatory and degenerative diseases in galleries and spas to many thousand patients a year. In either case, chronic environmental exposure or therapy, the effect of radon on the organism exposed is still under investigation at all levels of interaction. This includes the physical stage of diffusion and energy deposition by radioactive decay of radon and its progeny and the biological stage of initiating and propagating a physiologic response or inducing cancer after chronic exposure. The purpose of this manuscript is to comprehensively review the current knowledge of radon and its progeny on physical background, associated cancer risk and potential therapeutic effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Maier
- Biophysics Department, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany; (A.M.); (J.W.); (F.R.); (F.P.); (G.K.); (C.F.)
| | - Julia Wiedemann
- Biophysics Department, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany; (A.M.); (J.W.); (F.R.); (F.P.); (G.K.); (C.F.)
| | - Felicitas Rapp
- Biophysics Department, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany; (A.M.); (J.W.); (F.R.); (F.P.); (G.K.); (C.F.)
| | - Franziska Papenfuß
- Biophysics Department, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany; (A.M.); (J.W.); (F.R.); (F.P.); (G.K.); (C.F.)
| | - Franz Rödel
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (F.R.); (S.H.)
| | - Stephanie Hehlgans
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (F.R.); (S.H.)
| | - Udo S. Gaipl
- Translational Radiation Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany;
| | - Gerhard Kraft
- Biophysics Department, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany; (A.M.); (J.W.); (F.R.); (F.P.); (G.K.); (C.F.)
| | - Claudia Fournier
- Biophysics Department, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany; (A.M.); (J.W.); (F.R.); (F.P.); (G.K.); (C.F.)
| | - Benjamin Frey
- Translational Radiation Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany;
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Effective Doses of Ionizing Radiation during Therapeutic Peat Mud Treatment from a Deposit in the Knyszyn Forest (Northeastern Poland). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17186819. [PMID: 32962026 PMCID: PMC7559594 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17186819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Radioactivity measurements of 61 therapeutic peat mud samples from the Podsokoldy deposits, near Suprasl, were performed using gamma spectrometry. The authors identified the presence of 13 isotopes with the arithmetic mean of activity (in Bq kg-1): 137Cs-7, 40K-24, 208Tl-1, 212Bi-3, 212Pb-2, 228Ac-2, 210Pb-33, 214Bi-11, 214Pb-11, 226Ra-53, 234Th-47. The effective dose obtained during treatment with 15 peat mud baths (lasting 30 min) was 0.078 μSv. Use of peat mud compresses in the same number and period of exposure to the entire body surface caused absorption of a dose of 0.153 μSv. The authors discuss the probability of tissue radiation from isotopes present in the peat mud. In light of radiobiological knowledge, the therapeutic effect of ionizing radiation during peat mud therapy appears to be very unlikely.
Collapse
|
6
|
Assessment of Effective Dose from Radioactive Isotopes Contained in Mineral Waters Received by Patients During Hydrotherapy Treatments. WATER 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/w12010097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Hydrotherapy is a natural treatment and health protection method. Treatments using natural mineral water are gaining popularity as an alternative to pharmacotherapy or as additional support to pharmacotherapy in many types of diseases. The aim of the study was to determine the effective dose obtained as a result of baths and inhalations using popular mineral water samples. A total of 18 commercially available water samples used in hydrotherapy were tested for their radioactive isotope content. The following isotopes were found: 40K, 208Tl, 212Bi, 212Pb, 214Bi, 214Pb, 226Ra, 228Ac, 234Th. Effective doses received by patients during inhalation and bathing using the tested mineral water samples were determined. The collected sample activity was measured using gamma spectrometry. The effective doses received by patients from a series of inhalation treatments ranged from 170.4 to 22.9 µSv. Infants receive the highest effective dose as a result of inhalation of mineral water. The doses received by patients as a result of bathing in the studied mineral water samples were in the range of from 0.04 to 1.1 µSv and were comparable with doses from ordinary baths in tap water (0.06 µSv). The determined doses are very low; thus, they are unlikely to cause noticeable biological effects.
Collapse
|
7
|
Hofmann W, Winkler-Heil R, Lettner H, Hubmer A, Gaisberger M. Radon transfer from thermal water to human organs in radon therapy: exhalation measurements and model simulations. RADIATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL BIOPHYSICS 2019; 58:513-529. [PMID: 31256227 PMCID: PMC6768894 DOI: 10.1007/s00411-019-00807-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The transfer of radon from thermal water via the skin to different human organs in radon therapy can experimentally be determined by measuring the radon activity concentration in the exhaled air. In this study, six volunteers were exposed to radon-rich thermal water in a bathtub, comprising eleven measurements. Exhaled activity concentrations were measured intermittently during the 20 min bathing and 20 min resting phases. Upon entering the bathtub, the radon activity concentration in the exhaled breath increased almost linearly with time, reaching its maximum value at the end of the exposure, and then decreased exponentially with time in the subsequent resting phase. Although for all individuals the time-dependence of exhaled radon activity was similar during bathing and resting, significant inter-subject variations could be observed, which may be attributed to individual respiratory parameters and body characteristics. The simulation of the transport of radon through the skin, its distribution among the organs, and the subsequent exhalation via the lungs were based on the biokinetic model of Leggett and co-workers, extended by a skin and a subcutaneous fat compartment. The coupled linear differential equations describing the radon activity concentrations in different organs as a function of time were solved numerically with the program package Mathcad. An agreement between model simulations and experimental results could only be achieved by expressing the skin permeability coefficient and the arterial blood flow rates as a function of the water temperature and the swelling of the skin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W Hofmann
- Biological Physics, Department of Chemistry and Physics of Materials, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunner Str. 34, 5020, Salzburg, Austria.
| | - R Winkler-Heil
- Biological Physics, Department of Chemistry and Physics of Materials, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunner Str. 34, 5020, Salzburg, Austria
| | - H Lettner
- Biological Physics, Department of Chemistry and Physics of Materials, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunner Str. 34, 5020, Salzburg, Austria
| | - A Hubmer
- Biological Physics, Department of Chemistry and Physics of Materials, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunner Str. 34, 5020, Salzburg, Austria
| | - M Gaisberger
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Paracelsus Medical University, Strubergasse 21, 5020, Salzburg, Austria
- Gastein Research Institute, Paracelsus Medical University, Strubergasse 21, 5020, Salzburg, Austria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Arthritis and Rehabilitation, Strubergasse 21, 5020, Salzburg, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Li P, Zhang R, Gu M, Zheng G. Uptake of the natural radioactive gas radon by an epiphytic plant. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 612:436-441. [PMID: 28863374 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.08.253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2017] [Revised: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/26/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Radon (222Rn) is a natural radioactive gas and the major radioactive contributor to human exposure. The present effective ways to control Rn contamination are ventilation and adsorption with activated carbon. Plants are believed to be negligible in reducing airborne Rn. Here, we found epiphytic Tillandsia brachycaulos (Bromeliaceae) was effective in reducing airborne Rn via the leaves. Rn concentrations in the Rn chamber after Tillandsia plant treatments decreased more than those in the natural situation. The specialized foliar trichomes densely covering Tillandsia leaves play a major role in the uptake of Rn because the amplified rough leaf surface area facilitates deposition of Rn progeny particles and the powdery epicuticular wax layer of foliar trichomes uptakes liposoluble Rn. The results provide us a new ecological strategy for Rn contamination control, and movable epiphytic Tillandsia plants can be applied widely in Rn removal systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Li
- College of Resource and Environment, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, Shandong, China
| | - Ruiwen Zhang
- College of Resource and Environment, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, Shandong, China
| | - Mintian Gu
- College of Resource and Environment, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, Shandong, China
| | - Guiling Zheng
- College of Resource and Environment, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, Shandong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Lettner H, Hubmer A, Hofmann W, Landrichinger J, Gaisberger M, Winkler-Heil R. Radon in the Exhaled Air of Patients in Radon Therapy. RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY 2017; 177:78-82. [PMID: 29036570 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncx153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
In the Gastein valley, numerous facilities use radon for the treatment of various diseases either by exposure to radon in air or in radon rich thermal water. In this study, six test persons were exposed to radon thermal water in a bathtub and the time-dependent radon activity concentration in the exhaled air was recorded. At temperatures between 38°C and 40°C, the radon activity concentration in the water was about 900 kBq/m3 in a total volume of 600 l, where the patients were exposed for 20 min, while continuously sampling the exhaled air during the bathing and 20 min thereafter. After entering the bath, the exhaled radon activity concentration rapidly increased, reaching some kind of saturation after 20 min exposure. The radon activity concentration in the exhaled air was about 8000 Bq/m3 at the maximum, with higher concentrations for male test persons. The total radon transfer from water to the exhaled air was between 480 and 1000 Bq, which is equivalent to 0.08% and 0.2% of the radon in the water.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Herbert Lettner
- Physics and Biophysics, Department of Chemistry and Physics of Materials, University of Salzburg, Austria
| | - Alexander Hubmer
- Physics and Biophysics, Department of Chemistry and Physics of Materials, University of Salzburg, Austria
| | - Werner Hofmann
- Physics and Biophysics, Department of Chemistry and Physics of Materials, University of Salzburg, Austria
| | - Julia Landrichinger
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
- Gastein Research Institute, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
- Department for Radon Therapy Research, Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster for Arthritis and Rehabilitation, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Martin Gaisberger
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
- Gastein Research Institute, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
- Department for Radon Therapy Research, Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster for Arthritis and Rehabilitation, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Renate Winkler-Heil
- Physics and Biophysics, Department of Chemistry and Physics of Materials, University of Salzburg, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Cucoş Dinu A, Călugăr MI, Burghele BD, Dumitru OA, Cosma C, Onac BP. Radon levels in Romanian caves: an occupational exposure survey. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2017; 39:1085-1099. [PMID: 27696229 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-016-9878-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
A comprehensive radon survey has been carried out in seven caves located in the western half of Romania's most significant karst regions. Touristic and non-touristic caves were investigated with the aim to provide a reliable distribution of their radon levels and evaluate the occupational exposure and associated effective doses. Radon gas concentrations were measured with long-term diffusion-type detectors during two consecutive seasons (warm and cold). All investigated caves exceed the European Union reference level of radon gas at workplaces (300 Bq/m3). The radon concentration in these caves ranges between 53 and 2866 Bq/m3, reflecting particular cave topography, season-related cave ventilation, and complex tectonic and geological settings surrounding each location. Relatively homogeneous high radon levels occur in all investigated touristic caves and in Tăuşoare and Vântului along their main galleries. Except for Muierii, in all the other caves radon levels are higher during the warm season, compared to the cold one. This suggests that natural cave ventilation largely controls the underground accumulation of radon. The results reported here reveal that the occupational exposure in Urşilor, Vadu Crişului, Tăuşoare, Vântului, and Muierii caves needs to be carefully monitored. The effective doses to workers vary between an average of 0.25 and 4.39 mSv/year depending on the measuring season. The highest values were recorded in show caves, ranging from 1.15 to 6.15 mSv/year, well above the European recommended limit, thus posing a potential health hazard upon cave guides, cavers, and scientists.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Cucoş Dinu
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Babeş-Bolyai University, Fântânele 30, 400294, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Monica I Călugăr
- Department of Geology, Babeş-Bolyai University, Kogălniceanu 1, 400084, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- S.C. Daflog S.R.L., Gării 17, 551010, Mediaş, Sibiu, Romania
| | - Bety D Burghele
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Babeş-Bolyai University, Fântânele 30, 400294, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Oana A Dumitru
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Babeş-Bolyai University, Fântânele 30, 400294, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Karst Research Group, School of Geosciences, University of South Florida, 4202 E. Fowler Ave, NES 107, Tampa, FL, 33620, USA
| | - Constantin Cosma
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Babeş-Bolyai University, Fântânele 30, 400294, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Bogdan P Onac
- Karst Research Group, School of Geosciences, University of South Florida, 4202 E. Fowler Ave, NES 107, Tampa, FL, 33620, USA.
- "Emil Racoviţă" Institute of Speleology, Clinicilor 5, 400006, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Karpińska M, Kapała J, Raciborska A, Kulesza G, Milewska A, Mnich S. Radioactivity of natural medicinal preparations contained extracts from peat mud available in retail trade used externally. Nat Prod Res 2016; 31:1935-1939. [PMID: 27900883 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2016.1261345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
In this work were identified and measured the activity of radioactive isotopes present in medicinal preparations from peat mud and estimated the doses obtained from them during therapy. Radioactivity of 22 preparations from peat mud and 20 water samples from water of the North-East region of Poland was studied. The median of the total activity was 24.8 Bq kg-1. Total maximal isotope activity was observed in the Iwonicka Cube 146 Bq kg-1 while considerable amounts of isotopes were found in the Kolobrzeska Peat Mud Paste 112 Bq kg-1. The doses obtained during therapy were within the range of 11 nSv-13 μSv depending on extracts of medicinal preparations from peat mud. The probability that such a small dose would stimulate biological effects is low. However, some clinicians believe that one of the possible therapeutic mechanisms in the treatment of rheumatoid disorders is the induction of immune response by ionising radiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Karpińska
- a Department of Biophysics , Medical University of Bialystok , Bialystok , Poland
| | - Jacek Kapała
- a Department of Biophysics , Medical University of Bialystok , Bialystok , Poland
| | - Agnieszka Raciborska
- a Department of Biophysics , Medical University of Bialystok , Bialystok , Poland
| | - Grzegorz Kulesza
- a Department of Biophysics , Medical University of Bialystok , Bialystok , Poland
| | - Anna Milewska
- b Department of Statistics and Medical Informatics , Medical University of Bialystok , Bialystok , Poland
| | - Stanisław Mnich
- c Institute of medical , The State Higher School of Computer Science and Business Administration in Lomza , Lomza , Poland
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Sakoda A, Ishimori Y, Tschiersch J. Evaluation of the intake of radon through skin from thermal water. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2016; 57:336-42. [PMID: 26983980 PMCID: PMC4973646 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rrw024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Revised: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The biokinetics of radon in the body has previously been studied with the assumption that its absorption through the skin is negligibly small. This assumption would be acceptable except in specific situations, such as bathing in a radon hot spring where the radon concentration in thermal water is far higher than that in air. The present study focused on such a situation in order to better understand the biokinetics of radon. To mathematically express the entry of radon through the skin into the body, we first modified the latest sophisticated biokinetic model for noble gases. Values of an important parameter for the model-the skin permeability coefficient K (m s(-1))-were derived using data from previous human studies. The analysis of such empirical data, which corresponded to radon concentrations in the air exhaled by subjects during and following bathing in radon-rich thermal water, revealed that the estimated K values had a log-normal distribution. The validity of the K values and the characteristics of the present model are then discussed. Furthermore, the impact of the intake of radon or its progeny via inhalation or skin absorption on radiation dose was also assessed for possible exposure scenarios in a radon hot spring. It was concluded that, depending on the radon concentration in thermal water, there might be situations in which the dose contribution resulting from skin absorption of radon is comparable to that resulting from inhalation of radon and its progeny. This conclusion can also apply to other therapeutic situations (e.g. staying in the pool for a longer period).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Sakoda
- Ningyo-toge Environmental Engineering Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, 1550 Kamisaibara, Kagamino-cho, Tomata-gun, Okayama 708-0698, Japan Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Radiation Protection, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Yuu Ishimori
- Ningyo-toge Environmental Engineering Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, 1550 Kamisaibara, Kagamino-cho, Tomata-gun, Okayama 708-0698, Japan
| | - Jochen Tschiersch
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Radiation Protection, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Istrate MA, Catalina T, Cucos A, Dicu T. Experimental Measurements of VOC and Radon in Two Romanian Classrooms. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.egypro.2015.12.254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
14
|
Winklmayr M, Kluge C, Winklmayr W, Küchenhoff H, Steiner M, Ritter M, Hartl A. Radon balneotherapy and physical activity for osteoporosis prevention: a randomized, placebo-controlled intervention study. RADIATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL BIOPHYSICS 2015; 54:123-136. [PMID: 25274266 DOI: 10.1007/s00411-014-0568-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2014] [Accepted: 09/11/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Low-dose radon hyperthermia balneo treatment (LDRnHBT) is applied as a traditional measure in the non-pharmacological treatment of rheumatic diseases in Europe. During the last decades, the main approach of LDRnHBT was focused on the treatment of musculoskeletal disorders, but scientific evidence for the biological background of LDRnHBT is weak. Recently, evidence emerged that LDRnHBT influences bone metabolism. We investigated, whether combined LDRnHBT and exercise treatment has an impact on bone metabolism and quality of life in a study population in an age group at risk for developing osteoporosis. This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial comprised guided hiking tours and hyperthermia treatment in either radon thermal water (LDRnHBT) or radon-free thermal water (PlaceboHBT). Markers of bone metabolism, quality of life and somatic complaints were evaluated. Statistics was performed by linear regression and a linear mixed model analysis. Significant changes over time were observed for most analytes investigated as well as an improvement in self-assessed health in both groups. No significant impact from the LDRnHBT could be observed. After 6 months, the LDRnHBT group showed a slightly stronger reduction of the osteoclast stimulating protein receptor activator of nuclear kB-ligand compared to the PlaceboHBT group, indicating a possible trend. A combined hyperthermia balneo and exercise treatment has significant immediate and long-term effects on regulators of bone metabolism as well as somatic complaints. LDRnHBT and placeboHBT yielded statistically equal outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martina Winklmayr
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Strubergasse 21, 5020, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Christian Kluge
- Statistical Consulting Unit, Department of Statistics, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München, Akademiestr.1, 80799, München, Germany
| | | | - Helmut Küchenhoff
- Statistical Consulting Unit, Department of Statistics, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München, Akademiestr.1, 80799, München, Germany
| | - Martina Steiner
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Strubergasse 21, 5020, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Markus Ritter
- Gastein Research Institute, Paracelsus Medical University, Schareckstrasse 4, 5640, Bad Gastein, Austria
| | - Arnulf Hartl
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Strubergasse 21, 5020, Salzburg, Austria.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Misdaq MA, Ghilane M, Ouguidi J, Outeqablit K. Radiation doses to individuals due to ²³⁸U, ²³²Th and ²²²Rn from the immersion in thermal waters and to radon progeny from the inhalation of air inside thermal stations. RADIATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL BIOPHYSICS 2012; 51:375-389. [PMID: 22729272 DOI: 10.1007/s00411-012-0426-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2011] [Accepted: 06/08/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
In Morocco, thermal waters have been used for decades for the treatment of various diseases. To explore the exposure pathway of (238)U, (232)Th and (222)Rn to the skin of bathers from the immersion in thermal waters, these radionuclides were measured inside waters collected from different Moroccan thermal springs, by means of CR-39 and LR-115 type II solid-state nuclear track detectors (SSNTDs), and corresponding annual committed effective doses to skin were determined. Accordingly, to assess radiation dose due to radon short-lived decay products from the inhalation of air by individuals, concentrations of these radionuclides were measured in indoor air of two thermal stations by evaluating mean critical angles of etching of the CR-39 and LR-115 II SSNTDs. Committed effective doses due to the short-lived radon decay products (218)Po and (214)Po by bathers and working personnel inside the thermal stations studied were determined.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M A Misdaq
- Nuclear Physics and Techniques Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, BP.2390, University of Cadi Ayyad, Marrakech, Morocco (URAC-15 Research Unit Associated To the CNRST, Rabat, Morocco,
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Markovic VM, Krstic D, Nikezic D, Stevanovic N. Doses from radon progeny as a source of external beta and gamma radiation. RADIATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL BIOPHYSICS 2012; 51:391-397. [PMID: 22790119 DOI: 10.1007/s00411-012-0413-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2011] [Accepted: 03/17/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Great deal of work has been devoted to determine doses from alpha particles emitted by (222)Rn and its progeny. In contrast, contribution of beta particles and following gamma radiation to total dose has mostly been neglected so far. The present work describes a study of the detriment of (222)Rn progeny for humans due to external exposure. Doses and dose conversion factors (DCFs) were determined for beta and gamma radiation in main organs and remainder tissue of the Oak Ridge National Laboratory phantom, taking into account (222)Rn progeny (214)Pb and (214)Bi distributed in the middle of a standard or typical room with dimensions 4 m × 5 m × 2.8 m. The DCF was found to be 7.37 μSv/WLM. Skin and muscle tissue from remainder tissue receives largest dose. Beta and gamma radiation doses from external exposure were compared with alpha, beta, and gamma doses from internal exposure where the source of radioactivity was the lungs. Total doses received in all main organs and remainder tissues were obtained by summing up the doses from external and internal exposure and the corresponding DCF was found to be 20.67 μSv/WLM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V M Markovic
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Kragujevac, R. Domanovic 12, 34000, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
|