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Jit BP, Pradhan B, Dash R, Bhuyan PP, Behera C, Behera RK, Sharma A, Alcaraz M, Jena M. Phytochemicals: Potential Therapeutic Modulators of Radiation Induced Signaling Pathways. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 11:antiox11010049. [PMID: 35052553 PMCID: PMC8773162 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11010049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ionizing radiation results in extensive damage to biological systems. The massive amount of ionizing radiation from nuclear accidents, radiation therapy (RT), space exploration, and the nuclear battlefield leads to damage to biological systems. Radiation injuries, such as inflammation, fibrosis, and atrophy, are characterized by genomic instability, apoptosis, necrosis, and oncogenic transformation, mediated by the activation or inhibition of specific signaling pathways. Exposure of tumors or normal cells to different doses of ionizing radiation could lead to the generation of free radical species, which can release signal mediators and lead to harmful effects. Although previous FDA-approved agents effectively mitigate radiation-associated toxicities, their use is limited due to their high cellular toxicities. Preclinical and clinical findings reveal that phytochemicals derived from plants that exhibit potent antioxidant activities efficiently target several signaling pathways. This review examined the prospective roles played by some phytochemicals in altering signal pathways associated with radiation response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bimal Prasad Jit
- School of Life Sciences, Sambalpur University, Jyoti Vihar, Burla 768019, India; (B.P.J.); (R.D.); (R.K.B.)
- Department of Biochemistry, AIIMS, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi 110029, India;
| | - Biswajita Pradhan
- Algal Biotechnology and Molecular Systematic Laboratory, Post Graduate Department of Botany, Berhampur University, Bhanja Bihar, Berhampur 760007, India; (B.P.); (C.B.)
- Department of Biotechnology, Sangmyung University, Seoul 03016, Korea
| | - Rutumbara Dash
- School of Life Sciences, Sambalpur University, Jyoti Vihar, Burla 768019, India; (B.P.J.); (R.D.); (R.K.B.)
| | - Prajna Paramita Bhuyan
- Department of Botany, Maharaja Sriram Chandra Bhanja Deo University, Baripada 757003, India;
| | - Chhandashree Behera
- Algal Biotechnology and Molecular Systematic Laboratory, Post Graduate Department of Botany, Berhampur University, Bhanja Bihar, Berhampur 760007, India; (B.P.); (C.B.)
| | - Rajendra Kumar Behera
- School of Life Sciences, Sambalpur University, Jyoti Vihar, Burla 768019, India; (B.P.J.); (R.D.); (R.K.B.)
| | - Ashok Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry, AIIMS, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi 110029, India;
| | - Miguel Alcaraz
- Radiology and Physical Medicine Department, School of Medicine, Campus de Excelencia Internacional de Ámbito Regional (CEIR)-Campus Mare Nostrum (CMN), Universidad de Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
- Correspondence: (M.A.); (M.J.); Tel.: +34-868883601 (M.A.); +91-7978478950 (M.J.)
| | - Mrutyunjay Jena
- Algal Biotechnology and Molecular Systematic Laboratory, Post Graduate Department of Botany, Berhampur University, Bhanja Bihar, Berhampur 760007, India; (B.P.); (C.B.)
- Correspondence: (M.A.); (M.J.); Tel.: +34-868883601 (M.A.); +91-7978478950 (M.J.)
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Wang M, Chen S, Ao D. Targeting DNA repair pathway in cancer: Mechanisms and clinical application. MedComm (Beijing) 2021; 2:654-691. [PMID: 34977872 PMCID: PMC8706759 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the last decades, the growing understanding on DNA damage response (DDR) pathways has broadened the therapeutic landscape in oncology. It is becoming increasingly clear that the genomic instability of cells resulted from deficient DNA damage response contributes to the occurrence of cancer. One the other hand, these defects could also be exploited as a therapeutic opportunity, which is preferentially more deleterious in tumor cells than in normal cells. An expanding repertoire of DDR-targeting agents has rapidly expanded to inhibitors of multiple members involved in DDR pathways, including PARP, ATM, ATR, CHK1, WEE1, and DNA-PK. In this review, we sought to summarize the complex network of DNA repair machinery in cancer cells and discuss the underlying mechanism for the application of DDR inhibitors in cancer. With the past preclinical evidence and ongoing clinical trials, we also provide an overview of the history and current landscape of DDR inhibitors in cancer treatment, with special focus on the combination of DDR-targeted therapies with other cancer treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manni Wang
- Department of BiotherapyCancer CenterWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Siyuan Chen
- Department of BiotherapyCancer CenterWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Danyi Ao
- Department of BiotherapyCancer CenterWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
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Katoueezadeh M, Pilehvari N, Fatemi A, Hassanshahi G, Torabizadeh SA. Inhibition of DNA damage response pathway using combination of DDR pathway inhibitors and radiation in treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells. Future Oncol 2021; 17:2803-2816. [PMID: 33960207 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2020-1072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
An alarming increase in acute lymphoblastic leukemia cases among children and adults has attracted the attention of researchers to discover new therapeutic strategies with a better prognosis. In cancer cells, the DNA damage response (DDR) pathway elements have been recognized to protect tumor cells from various stresses and cause tumor progression; targeting these DDR members is an attractive strategy for treatment of cancers. The inhibition of the DDR pathway in cancer cells for the treatment of cancers has recently been introduced. Hence, effective treatment strategies are needed for this purpose. Chemotherapy in combination with radiotherapy is considered a potential therapeutic strategy for acute leukemia. This review aims to assess the synergistic effects of these inhibitors with irradiation for the treatment of leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Katoueezadeh
- Department of Hematology & Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, 7616911333, Iran
| | - Niloofar Pilehvari
- Department of Hematology & Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, 7616911333, Iran
| | - Ahmad Fatemi
- Department of Hematology & Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, 7616911333, Iran
| | - Gholamhossein Hassanshahi
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, 7718796755, Iran
| | - Seyedeh Atekeh Torabizadeh
- Pharmaceutics Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, 7616911319, Iran
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Peng X, Wei Z, Gerweck LE. Making radiation therapy more effective in the era of precision medicine. PRECISION CLINICAL MEDICINE 2020; 3:272-283. [PMID: 35692625 PMCID: PMC8982539 DOI: 10.1093/pcmedi/pbaa038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer has become a leading cause of death and constitutes an enormous burden worldwide. Radiation is a principle treatment modality used alone or in combination with other forms of therapy, with 50%–70% of cancer patients receiving radiotherapy at some point during their illness. It has been suggested that traditional radiotherapy (daily fractions of approximately 1.8–2 Gy over several weeks) might select for radioresistant tumor cell sub-populations, which, if not sterilized, give rise to local treatment failure and distant metastases. Thus, the challenge is to develop treatment strategies and schedules to eradicate the resistant subpopulation of tumorigenic cells rather than the predominant sensitive tumor cell population. With continued technological advances including enhanced conformal treatment technology, radiation oncologists can increasingly maximize the dose to tumors while sparing adjacent normal tissues, to limit toxicity and damage to the latter. Increased dose conformality also facilitates changes in treatment schedules, such as changes in dose per treatment fraction and number of treatment fractions, to enhance the therapeutic ratio. For example, the recently developed large dose per fraction treatment schedules (hypofractionation) have shown clinical advantage over conventional treatment schedules in some tumor types. Experimental studies suggest that following large acute doses of radiation, recurrent tumors, presumably sustained by the most resistant tumor cell populations, may in fact be equally or more radiation sensitive than the primary tumor. In this review, we summarize the related advances in radiotherapy, including the increasing understanding of the molecular mechanisms of radioresistance, and the targeting of these mechanisms with potent small molecule inhibitors, which may selectively sensitize tumor cells to radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingchen Peng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Zhigong Wei
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Leo E Gerweck
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
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DNA-PK in human malignant disorders: Mechanisms and implications for pharmacological interventions. Pharmacol Ther 2020; 215:107617. [PMID: 32610116 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The DNA-PK holoenzyme is a fundamental element of the DNA damage response machinery (DDR), which is responsible for cellular genomic stability. Consequently, and predictably, over the last decades since its identification and characterization, numerous pre-clinical and clinical studies reported observations correlating aberrant DNA-PK status and activity with cancer onset, progression and responses to therapeutic modalities. Notably, various studies have established in recent years the role of DNA-PK outside the DDR network, corroborating its role as a pleiotropic complex involved in transcriptional programs that operate biologic processes as epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), hypoxia, metabolism, nuclear receptors signaling and inflammatory responses. In particular tumor entities as prostate cancer, immense research efforts assisted mapping and describing the overall signaling networks regulated by DNA-PK that control metastasis and tumor progression. Correspondingly, DNA-PK emerges as an obvious therapeutic target in cancer and data pertaining to various pharmacological approaches have been published, largely in context of combination with DNA-damaging agents (DDAs) that act by inflicting DNA double strand breaks (DSBs). Currently, new generation inhibitors are tested in clinical trials. Several excellent reviews have been published in recent years covering the biology of DNA-PK and its role in cancer. In the current article we are aiming to systematically describe the main findings on DNA-PK signaling in major cancer types, focusing on both preclinical and clinical reports and present a detailed current status of the DNA-PK inhibitors repertoire.
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Wang Y, Lai L, Guo W, Peng S, Liu R, Hong P, Wei G, Li F, Jiang S, Wang P, Li J, Lei H, Zhao W, Xu S. Inhibition of Ku70 in a high-glucose environment aggravates bupivacaine-induced dorsal root ganglion neurotoxicity. Toxicol Lett 2020; 318:104-113. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2019.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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7
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Novel quinazolin-4-one derivatives as potentiating agents of doxorubicin cytotoxicity. Bioorg Chem 2019; 82:204-210. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2018.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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8
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Hafsi H, Dillon MT, Barker HE, Kyula JN, Schick U, Paget JT, Smith HG, Pedersen M, McLaughlin M, Harrington KJ. Combined ATR and DNA-PK Inhibition Radiosensitizes Tumor Cells Independently of Their p53 Status. Front Oncol 2018; 8:245. [PMID: 30057890 PMCID: PMC6053502 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a significant cause of cancer deaths. Cisplatin-based chemoradiotherapy is a standard of care for locally advanced disease. ATR and DNA-PK inhibition (DNA-PKi) are actively being investigated in clinical trials with preclinical data supporting clinical translation as radiosensitizers. Here, we hypothesized that targeting both ATR and DNA-PK with small molecule inhibitors would increase radiosensitization of HNSCC cell lines. Radiosensitization was assessed by Bliss independence analysis of colony survival data. Strong cell cycle perturbing effects were observed with ATR inhibition reversing the G2/M arrest observed for radiation-DNA-PKi. Increased apoptosis in combination groups was measured by Sub-G1 DNA populations. DNA-PKi increased radiation-induced RAD51 and gamma-H2Ax foci, with the addition of ATR inhibition reducing levels of both. A sharp increase in nuclear fragmentation after aberrant mitotic transit appears to be the main driver of decreased survival due to irradiation and dual ATR/DNA-PKi. Dual inhibition of DNA-PK and ATR represents a novel approach in combination with radiation, with efficacy appearing to be independent of p53 status. Due to toxicity concerns, careful assessment is necessary in any future translation of single or dual radiosensitization approaches. Ongoing clinical trials into the ATR inhibitor AZD6738 plus radiation, and the phenotypically similar combination of AZD6738 and the PARP inhibitor olaparib, are likely to be key in ascertaining the toxicity profile of such combinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hind Hafsi
- Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Magnus T. Dillon
- Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
- The Royal Marsden Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Holly E. Barker
- Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Joan N. Kyula
- Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ulrike Schick
- Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
- Radiation Oncology Department, University Hospital Morvan, Brest, France
| | - James T. Paget
- Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
- The Royal Marsden Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Henry G. Smith
- Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
- The Royal Marsden Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Malin Pedersen
- Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Martin McLaughlin
- Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kevin J. Harrington
- Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
- The Royal Marsden Hospital, London, United Kingdom
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9
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Šalovská B, Janečková H, Fabrik I, Karlíková R, Čecháková L, Ondrej M, Link M, Friedecký D, Tichý A. Radio-sensitizing effects of VE-821 and beyond: Distinct phosphoproteomic and metabolomic changes after ATR inhibition in irradiated MOLT-4 cells. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0199349. [PMID: 30001349 PMCID: PMC6042708 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0199349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Current anti-cancer strategy takes advantage of tumour specific abnormalities in DNA damage response to radio- or chemo-therapy. Inhibition of the ATR/Chk1 pathway has been shown to be synthetically lethal in cells with high levels of oncogene-induced replication stress and in p53- or ATM- deficient cells. In the presented study, we aimed to elucidate molecular mechanisms underlying radiosensitization of T-lymphocyte leukemic MOLT-4 cells by VE-821, a higly potent and specific inhibitor of ATR. We combined multiple approaches: cell biology techniques to reveal the inhibitor-induced phenotypes, and quantitative proteomics, phosphoproteomics, and metabolomics to comprehensively describe drug-induced changes in irradiated cells. VE-821 radiosensitized MOLT-4 cells, and furthermore 10 μM VE-821 significantly affected proliferation of sham-irradiated MOLT-4 cells. We detected 623 differentially regulated phosphorylation sites. We revealed changes not only in DDR-related pathways and kinases, but also in pathways and kinases involved in maintaining cellular metabolism. Notably, we found downregulation of mTOR, the main regulator of cellular metabolism, which was most likely caused by an off-target effect of the inhibitor, and we propose that mTOR inhibition could be one of the factors contributing to the phenotype observed after treating MOLT-4 cells with 10 μM VE-821. In the metabolomic analysis, 206 intermediary metabolites were detected. The data indicated that VE-821 potentiated metabolic disruption induced by irradiation and affected the response to irradiation-induced oxidative stress. Upon irradiation, recovery of damaged deoxynucleotides might be affected by VE-821, hampering DNA repair by their deficiency. Taken together, this is the first study describing a complex scenario of cellular events that might be ATR-dependent or triggered by ATR inhibition in irradiated MOLT-4 cells. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD008925.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbora Šalovská
- Department of Radiobiology, Faculty of Military Health Sciences in Hradec Králové, University of Defence in Brno, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
- Department of Genome Integrity, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Janečková
- Laboratory for Inherited Metabolic Disorders, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University Hospital Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Ivo Fabrik
- Department of Molecular Pathology and Biology, Faculty of Military Health Sciences in Hradec Králové, University of Defence in Brno, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
- Biomedical Research Center, University Hospital, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Radana Karlíková
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University Hospital Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Čecháková
- Department of Radiobiology, Faculty of Military Health Sciences in Hradec Králové, University of Defence in Brno, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Ondrej
- Department of Radiobiology, Faculty of Military Health Sciences in Hradec Králové, University of Defence in Brno, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Marek Link
- Department of Molecular Pathology and Biology, Faculty of Military Health Sciences in Hradec Králové, University of Defence in Brno, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - David Friedecký
- Laboratory for Inherited Metabolic Disorders, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University Hospital Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Aleš Tichý
- Department of Radiobiology, Faculty of Military Health Sciences in Hradec Králové, University of Defence in Brno, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
- Biomedical Research Center, University Hospital, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
- * E-mail:
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Yang L, Yang X, Tang Y, Zhang D, Zhu L, Wang S, Wang B, Ma T. Inhibition of DNA‑PK activity sensitizes A549 cells to X‑ray irradiation by inducing the ATM‑dependent DNA damage response. Mol Med Rep 2018; 17:7545-7552. [PMID: 29620203 PMCID: PMC5983948 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.8828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Non‑small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is radioresistant to X‑rays due to powerful cellular DNA damage repair mechanisms. DNA‑dependent protein kinase (DNA‑PK) is a key enzyme involved in DNA damage repair and the phenomenon and molecular mechanism of NSCLC radionsensitivity were investigated following inhibition of DNA‑PK activity. In the present study A549 cells were treated with the DNA‑PK inhibitor NU7026 and/or siRNA directed against ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM), followed by exposure to 4 Gy X‑ray irradiation. Radiosensitivity, DNA damage, apoptosis and protein expression were measured by colony formation assay, γH2AX foci immunofluorescence, Annexin V/PI staining and western blotting, respectively. A Balb/c‑nu/nu xenograft mouse model was established by subcutaneous injection of A549 cells and was used to examine the effect of administering NU7026 via intraperitoneal injection prior to 4 Gy X‑ray exposure. The xenograft tumors were weighed and observed by hematoxylin and eosin staining after irradiation. NU7026 treatment followed by X‑ray irradiation significantly decreased the colony formation ratio of A549 cells, and increased γH2AX foci and cell apoptosis. Furthermore, the combined treatment of NU7026 and X‑rays resulted in growth inhibition and cell apoptosis in A549 xenograft tumors. Consequently, apoptosis regulators full‑length transactivating (TA) p73 and an N‑terminally truncated (DN) p73 were upregulated and downregulated respectively, leading to activation of glucosyltransferases and Rab‑like GTPase activators and myotubularins domain‑containing 4 (GRAMD4) protein to reduce the Bcl‑2/Bax protein ratio. In addition, ATM siRNA efficiently prevented γH2AX foci formation, and enhanced NU7026‑induced inhibition of survival and promoted apoptosis. In conclusion, inhibition of DNA‑PK activity increased the radiosensitivity of A549 cells to X‑ray irradiation. NU7026 treatment activated the ATM‑dependent DNA damage response and induced p73 apoptosis pathway. DNA‑PK inhibitor may be an effective constituent of radiosensitization products. DNA damage repair pathway could be a potential target for radiosensitization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Yang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Bohai University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121013, P.R. China
| | - Xinrui Yang
- Center for Therapeutic Research of Hepatocarcinoma, Beijing 302 Hospital, Beijing 100039, P.R. China
| | - Yiwei Tang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Bohai University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121013, P.R. China
| | - Defu Zhang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Bohai University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121013, P.R. China
| | - Lijie Zhu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Bohai University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121013, P.R. China
| | - Shengnan Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Bohai University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121013, P.R. China
| | - Bo Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Bohai University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121013, P.R. China
| | - Tao Ma
- College of Food Science and Technology, Bohai University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121013, P.R. China
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Ďurišová K, Čecháková L, Jošt P, Šinkorová Z, Kmochová A, Pejchal J, Ondrej M, Vávrová J, Tichý A. DNA repair inhibitors as radiosensitizers in human lung cells. J Appl Biomed 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jab.2017.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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12
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Dong J, Ren Y, Zhang T, Wang Z, Ling CC, Li GC, He F, Wang C, Wen B. Inactivation of DNA-PK by knockdown DNA-PKcs or NU7441 impairs non-homologous end-joining of radiation-induced double strand break repair. Oncol Rep 2018; 39:912-920. [PMID: 29344644 PMCID: PMC5802037 DOI: 10.3892/or.2018.6217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK) complex plays a pivotal role in non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ) repair. We investigated the mechanism of NU7441, a highly selective DNA-PK inhibitor, in NHEJ-competent mouse embryonic fibroblast (MEF) cells and NHEJ-deficient cells and explored the feasibility of its application in radiosensitizing nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) cells. We generated wild-type and DNA-PKcs−/− MEF cells. Clonogenic survival assays, flow cytometry, and immunoblotting were performed to study the effect of NU7441 on survival, cell cycle, and DNA repair. NU7441 profoundly radiosensitized wild-type MEF cells and SUNE-1 cells, but not DNA-PKcs−/− MEF cells. NU7441 significantly suppressed radiation-induced DSB repair post-irradiation through unrepaired and lethal DNA damage, the cell cycle arrest. The effect was associated with the activation of cell cycle checkpoints. The present study revealed a mechanism by which inhibition of DNA-PK sensitizes cells to irradiation suggesting that radiotherapy in combination with DNA-PK inhibitor is a promising paradigm for the management of NPC which merits further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Dong
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Yufeng Ren
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Tian Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Zhenyu Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Clifton C Ling
- Department of Medical Physics and Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Gloria C Li
- Department of Medical Physics and Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Fuqiu He
- Department of Medical Physics and Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Chengtao Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Bixiu Wen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
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Durisova K, Salovska B, Pejchal J, Tichy A. Chemical inhibition of DNA repair kinases as a promising tool in oncology. Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub 2016; 160:11-9. [DOI: 10.5507/bp.2015.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2014] [Accepted: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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14
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Kmochova A, Tichy A, Zarybnicka L, Sinkorova Z, Vavrova J, Rehacek V, Durisova K, Kubelkova K, Pejchal J, Kuca K. Modulation of ionizing radiation-induced effects by NU7441, KU55933 and VE821 in peripheral blood lymphocytes. J Appl Biomed 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jab.2015.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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DNA Damage Signalling and Repair Inhibitors: The Long-Sought-After Achilles' Heel of Cancer. Biomolecules 2015; 5:3204-59. [PMID: 26610585 PMCID: PMC4693276 DOI: 10.3390/biom5043204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
For decades, radiotherapy and chemotherapy were the two only approaches exploiting DNA repair processes to fight against cancer. Nowadays, cancer therapeutics can be a major challenge when it comes to seeking personalized targeted medicine that is both effective and selective to the malignancy. Over the last decade, the discovery of new targeted therapies against DNA damage signalling and repair has offered the possibility of therapeutic improvements in oncology. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of DNA damage signalling and repair inhibitors, their molecular and cellular effects, and future therapeutic use.
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Dungl DA, Maginn EN, Stronach EA. Preventing Damage Limitation: Targeting DNA-PKcs and DNA Double-Strand Break Repair Pathways for Ovarian Cancer Therapy. Front Oncol 2015. [PMID: 26579492 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2015.00240] [] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Platinum-based chemotherapy is the cornerstone of ovarian cancer treatment, and its efficacy is dependent on the generation of DNA damage, with subsequent induction of apoptosis. Inappropriate or aberrant activation of the DNA damage response network is associated with resistance to platinum, and defects in DNA repair pathways play critical roles in determining patient response to chemotherapy. In ovarian cancer, tumor cell defects in homologous recombination - a repair pathway activated in response to double-strand DNA breaks (DSB) - are most commonly associated with platinum-sensitive disease. However, despite initial sensitivity, the emergence of resistance is frequent. Here, we review strategies for directly interfering with DNA repair pathways, with particular focus on direct inhibition of non-homologous end joining (NHEJ), another DSB repair pathway. DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit (DNA-PKcs) is a core component of NHEJ and it has shown considerable promise as a chemosensitization target in numerous cancer types, including ovarian cancer where it functions to promote platinum-induced survival signaling, via AKT activation. The development of pharmacological inhibitors of DNA-PKcs is on-going, and clinic-ready agents offer real hope to patients with chemoresistant disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela A Dungl
- Molecular Therapy Laboratory, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Ovarian Cancer Action Research Centre, Imperial College London , London , UK
| | - Elaina N Maginn
- Molecular Therapy Laboratory, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Ovarian Cancer Action Research Centre, Imperial College London , London , UK
| | - Euan A Stronach
- Molecular Therapy Laboratory, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Ovarian Cancer Action Research Centre, Imperial College London , London , UK
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Dungl DA, Maginn EN, Stronach EA. Preventing Damage Limitation: Targeting DNA-PKcs and DNA Double-Strand Break Repair Pathways for Ovarian Cancer Therapy. Front Oncol 2015. [PMID: 26579492 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2015.00240]+[] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Platinum-based chemotherapy is the cornerstone of ovarian cancer treatment, and its efficacy is dependent on the generation of DNA damage, with subsequent induction of apoptosis. Inappropriate or aberrant activation of the DNA damage response network is associated with resistance to platinum, and defects in DNA repair pathways play critical roles in determining patient response to chemotherapy. In ovarian cancer, tumor cell defects in homologous recombination - a repair pathway activated in response to double-strand DNA breaks (DSB) - are most commonly associated with platinum-sensitive disease. However, despite initial sensitivity, the emergence of resistance is frequent. Here, we review strategies for directly interfering with DNA repair pathways, with particular focus on direct inhibition of non-homologous end joining (NHEJ), another DSB repair pathway. DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit (DNA-PKcs) is a core component of NHEJ and it has shown considerable promise as a chemosensitization target in numerous cancer types, including ovarian cancer where it functions to promote platinum-induced survival signaling, via AKT activation. The development of pharmacological inhibitors of DNA-PKcs is on-going, and clinic-ready agents offer real hope to patients with chemoresistant disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela A Dungl
- Molecular Therapy Laboratory, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Ovarian Cancer Action Research Centre, Imperial College London , London , UK
| | - Elaina N Maginn
- Molecular Therapy Laboratory, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Ovarian Cancer Action Research Centre, Imperial College London , London , UK
| | - Euan A Stronach
- Molecular Therapy Laboratory, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Ovarian Cancer Action Research Centre, Imperial College London , London , UK
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Dungl DA, Maginn EN, Stronach EA. Preventing Damage Limitation: Targeting DNA-PKcs and DNA Double-Strand Break Repair Pathways for Ovarian Cancer Therapy. Front Oncol 2015; 5:240. [PMID: 26579492 PMCID: PMC4620694 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2015.00240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Accepted: 10/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Platinum-based chemotherapy is the cornerstone of ovarian cancer treatment, and its efficacy is dependent on the generation of DNA damage, with subsequent induction of apoptosis. Inappropriate or aberrant activation of the DNA damage response network is associated with resistance to platinum, and defects in DNA repair pathways play critical roles in determining patient response to chemotherapy. In ovarian cancer, tumor cell defects in homologous recombination – a repair pathway activated in response to double-strand DNA breaks (DSB) – are most commonly associated with platinum-sensitive disease. However, despite initial sensitivity, the emergence of resistance is frequent. Here, we review strategies for directly interfering with DNA repair pathways, with particular focus on direct inhibition of non-homologous end joining (NHEJ), another DSB repair pathway. DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit (DNA-PKcs) is a core component of NHEJ and it has shown considerable promise as a chemosensitization target in numerous cancer types, including ovarian cancer where it functions to promote platinum-induced survival signaling, via AKT activation. The development of pharmacological inhibitors of DNA-PKcs is on-going, and clinic-ready agents offer real hope to patients with chemoresistant disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela A Dungl
- Molecular Therapy Laboratory, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Ovarian Cancer Action Research Centre, Imperial College London , London , UK
| | - Elaina N Maginn
- Molecular Therapy Laboratory, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Ovarian Cancer Action Research Centre, Imperial College London , London , UK
| | - Euan A Stronach
- Molecular Therapy Laboratory, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Ovarian Cancer Action Research Centre, Imperial College London , London , UK
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Li Y, Li H, Peng W, He XY, Huang M, Qiu D, Xue YB, Lu L. DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit inhibitor reverses acquired radioresistance in lung adenocarcinoma by suppressing DNA repair. Mol Med Rep 2015; 12:1328-34. [PMID: 25815686 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.3505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2014] [Accepted: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms underlying lung cancer radioresistance remain to be fully elucidated. The DNA repair pathway is a predominant target of radiotherapy, which is considered to be involved in the acquired radioresistance of cancer cells. The present study aimed to establish a radioresistant cell model using the A549 human lung cancer cell line, and to further investigate the potential mechanisms underlying the radioresistance. The A549R radioresistant lung cancer cell variant was established by exposing the parental A549 cells to repeated γ-ray irradiation at a total dose of 60 Gy. Colony formation assays were then used to determine cell survival following γ-ray exposure. The established radioresistant cells were subsequently treated with or without the NU7026 DNA-PKcs inhibitor. The levels of DNA damage were determined by counting the number of fluorescent γ-H2AX foci in the cells. The cellular capacity for DNA repair was assessed using antibodies for the detection of various DNA repair pathway proteins. The radioresistant sub-clones exhibited significantly decreased survival following NU7026 treatment, compared with the parental cells, as determined by colony formation assays (P<0.05), and this finding was found to be dose-dependent. Treatment with the DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK) inhibitor significantly reduced γ-H2AX foci formation (P<0.05) following acute radiation exposure in the radioresistant sub-clones, compared with the parental control cells. The decreased levels of γ-H2AX were accompanied by an increase in the percentage of apoptotic cells in the radioresistant cell line following post-radiation treatment with the DNA-PKcs inhibitor. The expression levels of proteins associated with the DNA repair pathway were altered markedly in the cells treated with NU7026. The results of the present study suggested that radioresistance may be associated with enhanced DNA repair following exposure to radiation, resulting in reduced apoptosis. Therefore, the quantity of γ-H2AX determines the radioresistance of cells. The DNA repair pathway is important in mediating radioresistance, and treatment with the DNA-PKcs inhibitor, NU7026 restored the acquired radiation resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Li
- Department of Oncology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou 550002, P.R. China
| | - Hang Li
- Department of Oncology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou 550002, P.R. China
| | - Wen Peng
- Department of Oncology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou 550002, P.R. China
| | - Xin-Yun He
- Department of Oncology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou 550002, P.R. China
| | - Min Huang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia 750004, P.R. China
| | - Dong Qiu
- Department of Oncology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou 550002, P.R. China
| | - Ying-Bo Xue
- Department of Oncology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou 550002, P.R. China
| | - Liang Lu
- Department of Oncology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou 550002, P.R. China
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Andrs M, Korabecny J, Jun D, Hodny Z, Bartek J, Kuca K. Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase (PI3K) and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-related kinase (PIKK) inhibitors: importance of the morpholine ring. J Med Chem 2014; 58:41-71. [PMID: 25387153 DOI: 10.1021/jm501026z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases (PI3Ks) and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-related protein kinases (PIKKs) are two related families of kinases that play key roles in regulation of cell proliferation, metabolism, migration, survival, and responses to diverse stresses including DNA damage. To design novel efficient strategies for treatment of cancer and other diseases, these kinases have been extensively studied. Despite their different nature, these two kinase families have related origin and share very similar kinase domains. Therefore, chemical inhibitors of these kinases usually carry analogous structural motifs. The most common feature of these inhibitors is a critical hydrogen bond to morpholine oxygen, initially present in the early nonspecific PI3K and PIKK inhibitor 3 (LY294002), which served as a valuable chemical tool for development of many additional PI3K and PIKK inhibitors. While several PI3K pathway inhibitors have recently shown promising clinical responses, inhibitors of the DNA damage-related PIKKs remain thus far largely in preclinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Andrs
- Biomedical Research Center, University Hospital Hradec Kralove , Sokolska 81, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
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