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Ciccone LP, Franzetti J, Bonora M, Ronchi S, Camarda AM, Charalampopoulou A, Facoetti A, Bazani A, Magro G, Vischioni B, Locati LD, Licitra L, Sauerwein WAG, Orlandi E. Charged particle radiotherapy for thyroid cancer. A systematic review. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2024; 202:104463. [PMID: 39098367 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2024.104463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 07/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/28/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The role of external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) in thyroid cancer (TC) remains contentious due to limited data. Retrospective studies suggest adjuvant EBRT benefits high-risk differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) and limited-stage anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC), enhancing locoregional control and progression-free survival when combined with surgery and chemotherapy. Intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) and particle therapy (PT), including protons, carbon ions, and Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT), represent advances in TC treatment. Following PRISMA guidelines, we reviewed 471 studies from January 2002 to January 2024, selecting 14 articles (10 preclinical, 4 clinical). Preclinical research focused on BNCT in ATC mouse models, showing promising local control rates. Clinical studies explored proton, neutron, or photon radiotherapy, reporting favorable outcomes and manageable toxicity. While PT shows promise supported by biological rationale, further research is necessary to clarify its role and potential combination with systemic treatments in TC management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Pia Ciccone
- Clinical Department, CNAO National Center for Oncological Hadrontherapy, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - Jessica Franzetti
- Clinical Department, CNAO National Center for Oncological Hadrontherapy, Pavia 27100, Italy.
| | - Maria Bonora
- Clinical Department, CNAO National Center for Oncological Hadrontherapy, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - Sara Ronchi
- Clinical Department, CNAO National Center for Oncological Hadrontherapy, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Camarda
- Clinical Department, CNAO National Center for Oncological Hadrontherapy, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - Alexandra Charalampopoulou
- Radiobiology Unit, Research and Development Department, CNAO National Center for Oncological Hadrontherapy, Pavia 27100, Italy; Hadron Academy PhD Course, University School for Advanced Studies (IUSS), Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - Angelica Facoetti
- Radiobiology Unit, Research and Development Department, CNAO National Center for Oncological Hadrontherapy, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - Alessia Bazani
- Medical Physics Unit, CNAO National Center for Oncological Hadrontherapy, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Magro
- Medical Physics Unit, CNAO National Center for Oncological Hadrontherapy, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - Barbara Vischioni
- Clinical Department, CNAO National Center for Oncological Hadrontherapy, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - Laura Deborah Locati
- Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics University of Pavia, Pavia 27100, Italy; Medical Oncology Unit, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - Lisa Licitra
- Scientific Directorate, CNAO National Center for Oncological Hadrontherapy, Pavia 27100, Italy; Department of Head & Neck Medical Oncology 3, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan 20133, Italy; Department of Oncology & Haemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan 20122, Italy
| | - Wolfgang A G Sauerwein
- Deutsche Gesellschaft für Bor-Neutroneneinfangtherapie (DGBNCT), Essen, Germany; BNCT Global GmbH, Essen, Germany
| | - Ester Orlandi
- Clinical Department, CNAO National Center for Oncological Hadrontherapy, Pavia 27100, Italy; Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic, and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
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Famurewa AC, George MY, Ukwubile CA, Kumar S, Kamal MV, Belle VS, Othman EM, Pai SRK. Trace elements and metal nanoparticles: mechanistic approaches to mitigating chemotherapy-induced toxicity-a review of literature evidence. Biometals 2024:10.1007/s10534-024-00637-7. [PMID: 39347848 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-024-00637-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 08/30/2024] [Indexed: 10/01/2024]
Abstract
Anticancer chemotherapy (ACT) remains a cornerstone in cancer treatment, despite significant advances in pharmacology over recent decades. However, its associated side effect toxicity continues to pose a major concern for both oncology clinicians and patients, significantly impacting treatment protocols and patient quality of life. Current clinical strategies to mitigate ACT-induced toxicity have proven largely unsatisfactory, leaving a critical unmet need to block toxicity mechanisms without diminishing ACT's therapeutic efficacy. This review aims to document the molecular mechanisms underlying ACT toxicity and highlight research efforts exploring the protective effects of trace elements (TEs) and their nanoparticles (NPs) against these mechanisms. Our literature review reveals that the primary driver of ACT toxicity is redox imbalance, which triggers oxidative inflammation, apoptosis, endoplasmic reticulum stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, autophagy, and dysregulation of signaling pathways such as PI3K/mTOR/Akt. Studies suggest that TEs, including zinc, selenium, boron, manganese, and molybdenum, and their NPs, can potentially counteract ACT-induced toxicity by inhibiting oxidative stress-mediated pathways, including NF-κB/TLR4/MAPK/NLRP3, STAT-3/NLRP3, Bcl-2/Bid/p53/caspases, and LC3/Beclin-1/CHOP/ATG6, while also upregulating protective signaling pathways like Sirt1/PPAR-γ/PGC-1α/FOXO-3 and Nrf2/HO-1/ARE. However, evidence regarding the roles of lncRNA and the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in ACT toxicity remains inconsistent, and the impact of TEs and NPs on ACT efficacy is not fully understood. Further research is needed to confirm the protective effects of TEs and their NPs against ACT toxicity in cancer patients. In summary, TEs and their NPs present a promising avenue as adjuvant agents for preventing non-target organ toxicity induced by ACT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ademola C Famurewa
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medical Sciences, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Ndufu-Alike Ikwo, Abakaliki, Ebonyi, Nigeria.
- Centre for Natural Products Discovery, School of P harmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Science, Liverpool John Moores University, Byrom Street, Liverpool, L3 3AF, UK.
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Science, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, Karnataka, India.
| | - Mina Y George
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Cletus A Ukwubile
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Maiduguri, Bama Road, Maiduguri, Borno, Nigeria
| | - Sachindra Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Science, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Mehta V Kamal
- Department of Biochemistry, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Vijetha S Belle
- Department of Biochemistry, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Eman M Othman
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia, 61519, Egypt
- Cancer Therapy Research Center, Department of Biochemistry-I, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
- Department of Bioinformatics, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, BiocenterWürzburg, Germany
| | - Sreedhara Ranganath K Pai
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Science, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, Karnataka, India
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Melia E, Parsons J. DNA damage and repair dependencies of ionising radiation modalities. Biosci Rep 2023; 43:BSR20222586. [PMID: 37695845 PMCID: PMC10548165 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20222586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy is utilised in the treatment of ∼50% of all human cancers, which predominantly employs photon radiation. However, particle radiotherapy elicits significant benefits over conventional photons due to more precise dose deposition and increased linear energy transfer (LET) that generates an enhanced therapeutic response. Specifically, proton beam therapy (PBT) and carbon ion radiotherapy (CIRT) are characterised by a Bragg peak, which generates a low entrance radiation dose, with the majority of the energy deposition being defined within a small region which can be specifically targeted to the tumour, followed by a low exit dose. PBT is deemed relatively low-LET whereas CIRT is more densely ionising and therefore high LET. Despite the radiotherapy type, tumour cell killing relies heavily on the introduction of DNA damage that overwhelms the repair capacity of the tumour cells. It is known that DNA damage complexity increases with LET that leads to enhanced biological effectiveness, although the specific DNA repair pathways that are activated following the different radiation sources is unclear. This knowledge is required to determine whether specific proteins and enzymes within these pathways can be targeted to further increase the efficacy of the radiation. In this review, we provide an overview of the different radiation modalities and the DNA repair pathways that are responsive to these. We also provide up-to-date knowledge of studies examining the impact of LET and DNA damage complexity on DNA repair pathway choice, followed by evidence on how enzymes within these pathways could potentially be therapeutically exploited to further increase tumour radiosensitivity, and therefore radiotherapy efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Melia
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K
| | - Jason L. Parsons
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K
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Han Y, Geng C, Liu Y, Wu R, Li M, Yu C, Altieri S, Tang X. Calculation of the DNA damage yield and relative biological effectiveness in boron neutron capture therapy via the Monte Carlo track structure simulation. Phys Med Biol 2023; 68:175028. [PMID: 37524085 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/acec2a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Objective.Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) is an advanced cellular-level hadron therapy that has exhibited remarkable therapeutic efficacy in the treatment of locally invasive malignancies. Despite its clinical success, the intricate nature of relative biological effectiveness (RBE) and mechanisms responsible for DNA damage remains elusive. This work aims to quantify the RBE of compound particles (i.e. alpha and lithium) in BNCT based on the calculation of DNA damage yields via the Monte Carlo track structure (MCTS) simulation.Approach. The TOPAS-nBio toolkit was employed to conduct MCTS simulations. The calculations encompassed four steps: determination of the angle and energy spectra on the nuclear membrane, quantification of the database containing DNA damage yields for ions with specific angle and energy, accumulation of the database and spectra to obtain the DNA damage yields of compound particles, and calculation of the RBE by comparison yields of double-strand break (DSB) with the reference gamma-ray. Furthermore, the impact of cell size and microscopic boron distribution was thoroughly discussed.Main results. The DSB yields induced by compound particles in three types of spherical cells (radius equal to 10, 8, and 6μm) were found to be 13.28, 17.34, 22.15 Gy Gbp-1for boronophenylalanine (BPA), and 1.07, 3.45, 8.32 Gy Gbp-1for sodium borocaptate (BSH). The corresponding DSB-based RBE values were determined to be 1.90, 2.48, 3.16 for BPA and 0.15, 0.49, 1.19 for BSH. The calculated DSB-based RBE showed agreement with experimentally values of compound biological effectiveness for melanoma and gliosarcoma. Besides, the DNA damage yield and DSB-based RBE value exhibited an increasing trend as the cell radius decreased. The impact of the boron concentration ratio on RBE diminished once the drug enrichment surpasses a certain threshold.Significance. This work is potential to provide valuable guidance for accurate biological-weighted dose evaluation in BNCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Han
- Department of Nuclear Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
- Department of Physics, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Changran Geng
- Department of Nuclear Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanhao Liu
- Department of Nuclear Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
- Neuboron Medtech. Ltd, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Renyao Wu
- Department of Nuclear Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingzhu Li
- Department of Nuclear Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenxi Yu
- Department of Nuclear Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Saverio Altieri
- Department of Physics, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), the section of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Xiaobin Tang
- Department of Nuclear Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
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Seneviratne DS, Saifi O, Mackeyev Y, Malouff T, Krishnan S. Next-Generation Boron Drugs and Rational Translational Studies Driving the Revival of BNCT. Cells 2023; 12:1398. [PMID: 37408232 DOI: 10.3390/cells12101398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BNCT is a high-linear-energy transfer therapy that facilitates tumor-directed radiation delivery while largely sparing adjacent normal tissues through the biological targeting of boron compounds to tumor cells. Tumor-specific accumulation of boron with limited accretion in normal cells is the crux of successful BNCT delivery. Given this, developing novel boronated compounds with high selectivity, ease of delivery, and large boron payloads remains an area of active investigation. Furthermore, there is growing interest in exploring the immunogenic potential of BNCT. In this review, we discuss the basic radiobiological and physical aspects of BNCT, traditional and next-generation boron compounds, as well as translational studies exploring the clinical applicability of BNCT. Additionally, we delve into the immunomodulatory potential of BNCT in the era of novel boron agents and examine innovative avenues for exploiting the immunogenicity of BNCT to improve outcomes in difficult-to-treat malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Omran Saifi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Yuri Mackeyev
- Department of Neurosurgery, UTHealth, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Timothy Malouff
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, OK 73019, USA
| | - Sunil Krishnan
- Department of Neurosurgery, UTHealth, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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He J, Zhang X, Liu L, Wang Y, Liu R, Li M, Gao F. Acute and Subacute Toxicity Evaluation of Erythrocyte Membrane-Coated Boron Nitride Nanoparticles. J Funct Biomater 2023; 14:jfb14040181. [PMID: 37103271 PMCID: PMC10144386 DOI: 10.3390/jfb14040181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Boron nitride nanoparticles have been reported for boron drug delivery. However, its toxicity has not been systematically elucidated. It is necessary to clarify their potential toxicity profile after administration for clinical application. Here, we prepared erythrocyte membrane-coated boron nitride nanoparticles (BN@RBCM). We expect to use them for boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) in tumors. In this study, we evaluated the acute toxicity and subacute toxicity of BN@RBCM of about 100 nm and determined the half-lethal dose (LD50) of the particles for mice. The results showed that the LD50 of BN@RBCM was 258.94 mg/kg. No remarkable pathological changes by microscopic observation were observed in the treated animals throughout the study period. These results indicate that BN@RBCM has low toxicity and good biocompatibility, which have great potential for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinfeng He
- Department of Basic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China; (J.H.); (Y.W.)
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterial and Nano Safety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; (L.L.); (M.L.)
| | - Xuanping Zhang
- Department of Basic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China; (J.H.); (Y.W.)
- Correspondence: (X.Z.); (F.G.)
| | - Linhong Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterial and Nano Safety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; (L.L.); (M.L.)
| | - Yufei Wang
- Department of Basic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China; (J.H.); (Y.W.)
| | - Renyu Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterial and Nano Safety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; (L.L.); (M.L.)
| | - Min Li
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterial and Nano Safety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; (L.L.); (M.L.)
| | - Fuping Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterial and Nano Safety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; (L.L.); (M.L.)
- Jinan Laboratory of Applied Nuclear Science, Jinan 251401, China
- Correspondence: (X.Z.); (F.G.)
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Effects of Boron-Containing Compounds on Liposoluble Hormone Functions. INORGANICS 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/inorganics11020084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Boron-containing compounds (BCC), particularly boronic acids and derivatives, are being increasingly tested as diagnostic and therapeutic agents. Some effects of BCC involve phenomena linked to the action of steroid or thyroid hormones; among these, are the effects on muscle mass or basal metabolism. Additionally, some toxicology reports on mammals, including humans, sound an alert concerning damage to several systems, among which are the negative effects on the induction of male infertility. Systemic and local mechanisms to explain changes in metabolism and impaired fertility were collected and presented. Then, we presented the putative pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic mechanisms involved and demonstrated in these events. In addition, it is proposed that there are adducts of some oxygenated BCC with cis-diols in fructose, an essential source of energy for sperm–cell motility, an uncoupling of sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) and its ligands, and the modulation of the DNA synthetic rate. These effects share the reactivity of boron-containing compounds on the cis-diols of key molecules. Moreover, data reporting no DNA damage after BCC administration are included. Further studies are required to support the clear role of BCC through these events to disrupt metabolism or fertility in mammals. If such phenomena are confirmed and elucidated, an advance could be useful to design strategies for avoiding BCC toxicity after BCC administration, and possibly for designing metabolism regulators and contraceptive drugs, among other purposes. Boronic derivatives and carboranes have been proposed and studied in this field.
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Mechetin GV, Zharkov DO. DNA Damage Response and Repair in Boron Neutron Capture Therapy. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:127. [PMID: 36672868 PMCID: PMC9859301 DOI: 10.3390/genes14010127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) is an approach to the radiotherapy of solid tumors that was first outlined in the 1930s but has attracted considerable attention recently with the advent of a new generation of neutron sources. In BNCT, tumor cells accumulate 10B atoms that react with epithermal neutrons, producing energetic α particles and 7Li atoms that damage the cell's genome. The damage inflicted by BNCT appears not to be easily repairable and is thus lethal for the cell; however, the molecular events underlying the action of BNCT remain largely unaddressed. In this review, the chemistry of DNA damage during BNCT is outlined, the major mechanisms of DNA break sensing and repair are summarized, and the specifics of the repair of BNCT-induced DNA lesions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grigory V. Mechetin
- Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogova St., 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, 8 Lavrentieva Ave., 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Dmitry O. Zharkov
- Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogova St., 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, 8 Lavrentieva Ave., 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
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Huang CY, Lai ZY, Hsu TJ, Chou FI, Liu HM, Chuang YJ. Boron Neutron Capture Therapy Eliminates Radioresistant Liver Cancer Cells by Targeting DNA Damage and Repair Responses. J Hepatocell Carcinoma 2022; 9:1385-1401. [PMID: 36600987 PMCID: PMC9807134 DOI: 10.2147/jhc.s383959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction For advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), resistance to conservative treatments remains a challenge. In previous studies, the therapeutic effectiveness and DNA damage responses of boric acid-mediated boron neutron capture therapy (BA-BNCT) in HCC have been demonstrated in animal models and HCC cell line. On the other hand, numerous studies have shown that high linear energy transfer (LET) radiation can overcome tumor resistance. Since BNCT yields a mixture of high and low LET radiation, we aimed to explore whether and how BA-BNCT could eliminate radioresistant HCC cells. Methods Radioresistant human HCC (HepG2-R) cells were established from HepG2 cells via intermittent irradiation. HepG2 and HepG2-R cells were then irradiated with either γ-ray or neutron radiation of BA-BNCT. Colony formation assays were used to assess cell survival and the relative biological effectiveness (RBE). The expression of phosphorylated H2AX (γH2AX) was also examined by immunocytochemistry and Western blot assays to evaluate the extent of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). Finally, the expression levels of DNA damage response-associated proteins were determined, followed by cell cycle analysis and caspase-3 activity analysis. Results Our data demonstrated that under the same dose by γ-ray, BNCT effectively eliminated radioresistant HCC by increasing the number of DNA DSBs (p < 0.05) and impeding their repair (p < 0.05), which verified the high RBE of BNCT. We also found that BNCT resulted in delayed homologous recombination (HR) and inhibited the nonhomologous end-joining (NHEJ) pathway during DNA repair. Markedly, BNCT increased cell arrest (p < 0.05) in the G2/M phase by altering G2 checkpoint signaling and increased PUMA-mediated apoptosis (p < 0.05). Conclusion Our data suggest that DNA damage and repair responses could affect the anticancer efficiency of BNCT in radioresistant HepG2-R cells, which highlights the potential of BNCT as a viable treatment option for recurrent HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chu-Yu Huang
- School of Medicine, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan,Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan,Nuclear Science and Technology Development Center, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Zih-Yin Lai
- School of Medicine, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan,Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan,Nuclear Science and Technology Development Center, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Jung Hsu
- School of Medicine, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan,Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan,Nuclear Science and Technology Development Center, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Fong-In Chou
- Nuclear Science and Technology Development Center, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Ming Liu
- Nuclear Science and Technology Development Center, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Jen Chuang
- School of Medicine, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan,Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan,Nuclear Science and Technology Development Center, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan,Correspondence: Yung-Jen Chuang, School of Medicine, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 300044, Taiwan, Tel +886-3-5742764, Fax +886-3-5715934, Email
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Kuthala N, Shanmugam M, Yao CL, Chiang CS, Hwang KC. One step synthesis of 10B-enriched 10BPO4 nanoparticles for effective boron neutron capture therapeutic treatment of recurrent head-and-neck tumor. Biomaterials 2022; 290:121861. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2022.121861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Kondo N. DNA damage and biological responses induced by Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT). Enzymes 2022; 51:65-78. [PMID: 36336409 DOI: 10.1016/bs.enz.2022.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT) is a tumor cell selective high LET (linear energy transfer) particle beam therapy. The patient is administrated a boron (10B) compound via intravenous injection or infusion, and when 10B is sufficiently accumulated in the tumor, neutron beams containing epithermal neutrons as the main component are irradiated. Epithermal neutrons lose energy in the body and become thermal neutrons. The captured 10B undergoes a (n, α) reaction with thermal neutrons, and the resulting α particles and 7Li nuclei have short ranges of 9-10μm and 4-5μm, respectively, and do not reach the surrounding cells in normal tissues. Therefore, these high LET-heavy charged particles can selectively kill cancer cells. The cell-killing effect of these heavy charged particles is thought to be triggered by DNA damage. It is known that DNA damage caused by heavy charged particles is more serious and difficult to repair than DNA damage caused by Low LET radiation such as X-rays and γ-rays. This review focuses on DNA damage, e.g., DNA strand breaks and DNA damage repair caused by BNCT and describes the resulting biological response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natsuko Kondo
- Particle Radiation Oncology Research Center, Institute for Integrated Radiation and Nuclear Science, Kyoto University, Osaka, Japan.
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12
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Clinical Viability of Boron Neutron Capture Therapy for Personalized Radiation Treatment. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14122865. [PMID: 35740531 PMCID: PMC9221296 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14122865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Usually, for dose planning in radiotherapy, the tumor is delimited as a volume on the image of the patient together with other clinical considerations based on populational evidence. However, the same prescription dose can provide different results, depending on the patient. Unfortunately, the biological aspects of the tumor are hardly considered in dose planning. Boron Neutron Capture Radiotherapy enables targeted treatment by incorporating boron-10 at the cellular level and irradiating with neutrons of a certain energy so that they produce nuclear reactions locally and almost exclusively damage the tumor cell. This technique is not new, but modern neutron generators and more efficient boron carriers have reactivated the clinical interest of this technique in the pursuit of more precise treatments. In this work, we review the latest technological facilities and future possibilities for the clinical implementation of BNCT and for turning it into a personalized therapy. Abstract Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT) is a promising binary disease-targeted therapy, as neutrons preferentially kill cells labeled with boron (10B), which makes it a precision medicine treatment modality that provides a therapeutic effect exclusively on patient-specific tumor spread. Contrary to what is usual in radiotherapy, BNCT proposes cell-tailored treatment planning rather than to the tumor mass. The success of BNCT depends mainly on the sufficient spatial biodistribution of 10B located around or within neoplastic cells to produce a high-dose gradient between the tumor and healthy tissue. However, it is not yet possible to precisely determine the concentration of 10B in a specific tissue in real-time using non-invasive methods. Critical issues remain to be resolved if BNCT is to become a valuable, minimally invasive, and efficient treatment. In addition, functional imaging technologies, such as PET, can be applied to determine biological information that can be used for the combined-modality radiotherapy protocol for each specific patient. Regardless, not only imaging methods but also proteomics and gene expression methods will facilitate BNCT becoming a modality of personalized medicine. This work provides an overview of the fundamental principles, recent advances, and future directions of BNCT as cell-targeted cancer therapy for personalized radiation treatment.
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Importance of radiobiological studies for the advancement of boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT). Expert Rev Mol Med 2022; 24:e14. [PMID: 35357286 DOI: 10.1017/erm.2022.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) is a tumour selective particle radiotherapy, based on the administration of boron carriers incorporated preferentially by tumour cells, followed by irradiation with a thermal or epithermal neutron beam. BNCT clinical results to date show therapeutic efficacy, associated with an improvement in patient quality of life and prolonged survival. Translational research in adequate experimental models is necessary to optimise BNCT for different pathologies. This review recapitulates some examples of BNCT radiobiological studies for different pathologies and clinical scenarios, strategies to optimise boron targeting, enhance BNCT therapeutic effect and minimise radiotoxicity. It also describes the radiobiological mechanisms induced by BNCT, and the importance of the detection of biomarkers to monitor and predict the therapeutic efficacy and toxicity of BNCT alone or combined with other strategies. Besides, there is a brief comment on the introduction of accelerator-based neutron sources in BNCT. These sources would expand the clinical BNCT services to more patients, and would help to make BNCT a standard treatment modality for various types of cancer. Radiobiological BNCT studies have been of utmost importance to make progress in BNCT, being essential to design novel, safe and effective clinical BNCT protocols.
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Key biological mechanisms involved in high-LET radiation therapies with a focus on DNA damage and repair. Expert Rev Mol Med 2022; 24:e15. [PMID: 35357290 DOI: 10.1017/erm.2022.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
DNA damage and repair studies are at the core of the radiation biology field and represent also the fundamental principles informing radiation therapy (RT). DNA damage levels are a function of radiation dose, whereas the type of damage and biological effects such as DNA damage complexity, depend on radiation quality that is linear energy transfer (LET). Both levels and types of DNA damage determine cell fate, which can include necrosis, apoptosis, senescence or autophagy. Herein, we present an overview of current RT modalities in the light of DNA damage and repair with emphasis on medium to high-LET radiation. Proton radiation is discussed along with its new adaptation of FLASH RT. RT based on α-particles includes brachytherapy and nuclear-RT, that is proton-boron capture therapy (PBCT) and boron-neutron capture therapy (BNCT). We also discuss carbon ion therapy along with combinatorial immune-based therapies and high-LET RT. For each RT modality, we summarise relevant DNA damage studies. Finally, we provide an update of the role of DNA repair in high-LET RT and we explore the biological responses triggered by differential LET and dose.
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Imamichi S, Chen L, Ito T, Tong Y, Onodera T, Sasaki Y, Nakamura S, Mauri P, Sanada Y, Igaki H, Murakami Y, Suzuki M, Itami J, Masunaga S, Masutani M. Extracellular Release of HMGB1 as an Early Potential Biomarker for the Therapeutic Response in a Xenograft Model of Boron Neutron Capture Therapy. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:420. [PMID: 35336794 PMCID: PMC8945761 DOI: 10.3390/biology11030420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) is a non-invasive therapeutic technique for treating malignant tumors, however, methods to evaluate its therapeutic efficacy and adverse reactions are lacking. High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is an inflammatory molecule released during cell death. Therefore, we aimed to investigate HMGB1 as a biomarker for BNCT response, by examining the early responses of tumor cells to 10B-boronophenylalanine (BPA)-based BNCT in the Kyoto University Nuclear Reactor. Extracellular HMGB1 release was significantly increased in human squamous carcinoma SAS and melanoma A375 cells 24 h after neutron irradiation but not after γ-irradiation. At 3 days post-BPA-based BNCT irradiation in a SAS xenograft mouse model, plasma HMGB1 levels were higher than those in the non-irradiation control, and HMGB1 was detected in both nuclei and cytoplasm in tumor cells. Additionally, increased plasma HMGB1 levels post-BNCT irradiation were detected even when tumors decreased in size. Collectively, these results indicate that the extracellular HMGB1 release occurs at an early stage and is persistent when tumors are reduced in size; therefore, it is a potential biomarker for evaluating the therapeutic response during BNCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoji Imamichi
- Department of Molecular and Genomic Biomedicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University Graduate, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan; (S.I.); (L.C.); (Y.T.); (T.O.); (Y.S.)
- Lab of Collaborative Research, Division of Cellular Signaling, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan;
- Central Radioisotope Division, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
- Division of BNCT, EPOC, National Cancer Center, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan; (S.N.); (H.I.); (J.I.)
| | - Lichao Chen
- Department of Molecular and Genomic Biomedicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University Graduate, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan; (S.I.); (L.C.); (Y.T.); (T.O.); (Y.S.)
- Lab of Collaborative Research, Division of Cellular Signaling, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan;
- Central Radioisotope Division, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Tasuku Ito
- Lab of Collaborative Research, Division of Cellular Signaling, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan;
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Faculty of Industrial Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo 125-8585, Japan;
| | - Ying Tong
- Department of Molecular and Genomic Biomedicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University Graduate, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan; (S.I.); (L.C.); (Y.T.); (T.O.); (Y.S.)
| | - Takae Onodera
- Department of Molecular and Genomic Biomedicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University Graduate, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan; (S.I.); (L.C.); (Y.T.); (T.O.); (Y.S.)
- Lab of Collaborative Research, Division of Cellular Signaling, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan;
- Central Radioisotope Division, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Yuka Sasaki
- Department of Molecular and Genomic Biomedicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University Graduate, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan; (S.I.); (L.C.); (Y.T.); (T.O.); (Y.S.)
- Lab of Collaborative Research, Division of Cellular Signaling, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan;
| | - Satoshi Nakamura
- Division of BNCT, EPOC, National Cancer Center, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan; (S.N.); (H.I.); (J.I.)
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - PierLuigi Mauri
- Clinical Proteomics Laboratory, Institute of Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council, 93-20054 Milan, Italy;
| | - Yu Sanada
- Institute for Integrated Radiation and Nuclear Science, Kyoto University, Kumatori 590-0494, Japan; (Y.S.); (M.S.); (S.M.)
| | - Hiroshi Igaki
- Division of BNCT, EPOC, National Cancer Center, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan; (S.N.); (H.I.); (J.I.)
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Yasufumi Murakami
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Faculty of Industrial Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo 125-8585, Japan;
| | - Minoru Suzuki
- Institute for Integrated Radiation and Nuclear Science, Kyoto University, Kumatori 590-0494, Japan; (Y.S.); (M.S.); (S.M.)
| | - Jun Itami
- Division of BNCT, EPOC, National Cancer Center, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan; (S.N.); (H.I.); (J.I.)
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Masunaga
- Institute for Integrated Radiation and Nuclear Science, Kyoto University, Kumatori 590-0494, Japan; (Y.S.); (M.S.); (S.M.)
| | - Mitsuko Masutani
- Department of Molecular and Genomic Biomedicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University Graduate, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan; (S.I.); (L.C.); (Y.T.); (T.O.); (Y.S.)
- Lab of Collaborative Research, Division of Cellular Signaling, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan;
- Central Radioisotope Division, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
- Division of BNCT, EPOC, National Cancer Center, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan; (S.N.); (H.I.); (J.I.)
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Laskova J, Kosenko I, Serdyukov A, Sivaev I, Bregadze VI. Synthesis of naphthalimide derivatives of closo‑dodecaborate and nido‑carborane. J Organomet Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2021.122186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Maliszewska-Olejniczak K, Kaniowski D, Araszkiewicz M, Tymińska K, Korgul A. Molecular Mechanisms of Specific Cellular DNA Damage Response and Repair Induced by the Mixed Radiation Field During Boron Neutron Capture Therapy. Front Oncol 2021; 11:676575. [PMID: 34094980 PMCID: PMC8170402 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.676575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The impact of a mixed neutron-gamma beam on the activation of DNA damage response (DDR) proteins and non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) is poorly understood. Ionizing radiation is characterized by its biological effectiveness and is related to linear energy transfer (LET). Neutron-gamma mixed beam used in boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) can induce another type of DNA damage such as clustered DNA or multiple damaged sites, as indicated for high LET particles, such as alpha particles, carbon ions, and protons. We speculate that after exposure to a mixed radiation field, the repair capacity might reduce, leading to unrepaired complex DNA damage for a long period and may promote genome instability and cell death. This review will focus on the poorly studied impact of neutron-gamma mixed beams with an emphasis on DNA damage and molecular mechanisms of repair. In case of BNCT, it is not clear which repair pathway is involved, and recent experimental work will be presented. Further understanding of BNCT-induced DDR mechanisms may lead to improved therapeutic efficiency against different tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Damian Kaniowski
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodz, Poland
| | - Martyna Araszkiewicz
- Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.,Nuclear Facilities Operations Department, National Centre for Nuclear Research, Otwock, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Tymińska
- Nuclear Facilities Operations Department, National Centre for Nuclear Research, Otwock, Poland
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Hoppenz P, Els-Heindl S, Kellert M, Kuhnert R, Saretz S, Lerchen HG, Köbberling J, Riedl B, Hey-Hawkins E, Beck-Sickinger AG. A Selective Carborane-Functionalized Gastrin-Releasing Peptide Receptor Agonist as Boron Delivery Agent for Boron Neutron Capture Therapy. J Org Chem 2019; 85:1446-1457. [PMID: 31813224 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b02406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) allows the selective elimination of malignant tumor cells without affecting healthy tissue. Although this binary radiotherapy approach has been known for decades, BNCT failed to reach the daily clinics to date. One of the reasons is the lack of selective boron delivery agents. Using boron loaded peptide conjugates, which address G protein-coupled receptors overexpressed on tumor cells allow the intracellular accumulation of boron. The gastrin-releasing peptide receptor (GRPR) is a well-known target in cancer diagnosis and can potentially be used for BNCT. Here, we present the successful introduction of multiple bis-deoxygalactosyl-carborane building blocks to the GRPR-selective ligand [d-Phe6, β-Ala11, Ala13, Nle14]Bn(6-14) (sBB2L) generating peptide conjugates with up to 80 boron atoms per molecule. Receptor activation was retained, metabolic stability was increased, and uptake into PC3 cells was proven without showing any intrinsic cytotoxicity. Furthermore, undesired uptake into liver cells was suppressed by using l-deoxygalactosyl modified carborane building blocks. Due to its high boron loading and excellent GRPR selectivity, this conjugate can be considered as a promising boron delivery agent for BNCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Hoppenz
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences , Leipzig University , Brüderstrasse 34 , 04103 Leipzig , Germany
| | - Sylvia Els-Heindl
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences , Leipzig University , Brüderstrasse 34 , 04103 Leipzig , Germany
| | - Martin Kellert
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry , Leipzig University , Johannisallee 29 , 04103 Leipzig , Germany
| | - Robert Kuhnert
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry , Leipzig University , Johannisallee 29 , 04103 Leipzig , Germany
| | - Stefan Saretz
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry , Leipzig University , Johannisallee 29 , 04103 Leipzig , Germany
| | | | | | - Bernd Riedl
- Bayer AG , Aprather Weg 18A , Wuppertal , Germany
| | - Evamarie Hey-Hawkins
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry , Leipzig University , Johannisallee 29 , 04103 Leipzig , Germany
| | - Annette G Beck-Sickinger
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences , Leipzig University , Brüderstrasse 34 , 04103 Leipzig , Germany
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