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Sioen S, D'Hondt L, Van Houte F, Demuynck R, Bacher K, De Wagter C, Vral A, Vanderstraeten B, Krysko DV, Baeyens A. Peripheral blood lymphocytes differ in DNA damage response after exposure to X-rays with different physical properties. Int J Radiat Biol 2024; 100:236-247. [PMID: 37819795 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2023.2261525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: In radiology, low X-ray energies (<140 keV) are used to obtain an optimal image while in radiotherapy, higher X-ray energies (MeV) are used to eradicate tumor tissue. In radiation research, both these X-ray energies being used to extrapolate in vitro research to clinical practice. However, the energy deposition of X-rays depends on their energy spectrum, which might lead to changes in biological response. Therefore, this study compared the DNA damage response (DDR) in peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) exposed to X-rays with varying beam quality, mean photon energy (MPE) and dose rate.Methods: The DDR was evaluated in peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) by the ɣ-H2AX foci assay, the cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay and an SYTOX-based cell death assay, combined with specific cell death inhibitors. Cell cultures were irradiated with a 220 kV X-ray research cabinet (SARRP, X-Strahl) or a 6 MV X-ray linear accelerator (Elekta Synergy). Three main physical parameters were investigated: beam quality (V), MPE (eV) and dose rate (Gy/min). Additional copper (Cu) filtration caused variation in the MPE (78 keV, 94 keV, 118 keV) at SARRP; dose rates were varied by adjusting tube current for 220 kV X-rays (0.33-3 Gy/min) or water-phantom depth in the 6 MV set-up (3-6 Gy/min).Results: The induction of chromosomal damage and initial (30 min) DNA double-stranded breaks (DSBs) were significantly higher for 220 kV X-rays compared to 6 MV X-rays, while cell death induction was similar. Specific cell death inhibitors for apoptosis, necroptosis and ferroptosis were not capable of blocking cell death after irradiation using low or high-energy X-rays. Additional Cu filtration increased the MPE, which significantly decreased the amount of chromosomal damage and DSBs. Within the tested ranges no specific effects of dose rate variation were observed.Conclusion: The DDR in PBLs is influenced by the beam quality and MPE. This study reinforces the need for consideration and inclusion of all physical parameters in radiation-related studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Sioen
- Radiobiology group, Department of Human Structure and Repair, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Louise D'Hondt
- Radiobiology group, Department of Human Structure and Repair, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Fien Van Houte
- Radiobiology group, Department of Human Structure and Repair, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Robin Demuynck
- Cell Death Investigation and Therapy Laboratory, Department of Human Structure and Repair, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Klaus Bacher
- Medical Physics Group, Department of Human Structure and Repair, Gent, Belgium
| | - Carlos De Wagter
- Medical Physics Group, Department of Human Structure and Repair, Gent, Belgium
- Department of Radiotherapy-Oncology, Ghent University Hospital, Gent, Belgium
| | - Anne Vral
- Radiobiology group, Department of Human Structure and Repair, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Barbara Vanderstraeten
- Medical Physics Group, Department of Human Structure and Repair, Gent, Belgium
- Department of Radiotherapy-Oncology, Ghent University Hospital, Gent, Belgium
| | - Dmitri V Krysko
- Cell Death Investigation and Therapy Laboratory, Department of Human Structure and Repair, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ans Baeyens
- Radiobiology group, Department of Human Structure and Repair, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
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Kwak SY, Park JH, Won HY, Jang H, Lee SB, Jang WI, Park S, Kim MJ, Shim S. CXCL10 upregulation in radiation-exposed human peripheral blood mononuclear cells as a candidate biomarker for rapid triage after radiation exposure. Int J Radiat Biol 2024; 100:541-549. [PMID: 38227479 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2023.2295300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE In case of a nuclear accident, individuals with high-dose radiation exposure (>1-2 Gy) should be rapidly identified. While ferredoxin reductase (FDXR) was recently suggested as a radiation-responsive gene, the use of a single gene biomarker limits radiation dose assessment. To overcome this limitation, we sought to identify reliable radiation-responsive gene biomarkers. MATERIALS AND METHODS Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated from mice after total body irradiation, and gene expression was analyzed using a microarray approach to identify radiation-responsive genes. RESULTS In light of the essential role of the immune response following radiation exposure, we selected several immune-related candidate genes upregulated by radiation exposure in both mouse and human PBMCs. In particular, the expression of ACOD1 and CXCL10 increased in a radiation dose-dependent manner, while remaining unchanged following lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation in human PBMCs. The expression of both genes was further evaluated in the blood of cancer patients before and after radiotherapy. CXCL10 expression exhibited a distinct increase after radiotherapy and was positively correlated with FDXR expression. CONCLUSIONS CXCL10 expression in irradiated PBMCs represents a potential biomarker for radiation exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seo Young Kwak
- Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Science, Laboratory of Radiation Exposure & Therapeutics, National Radiation Emergency Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ji-Hye Park
- Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Science, Laboratory of Radiation Exposure & Therapeutics, National Radiation Emergency Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
- OPTOLANE Technologies Inc., Seongnam, South Korea
| | | | - Hyosun Jang
- Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Science, Laboratory of Radiation Exposure & Therapeutics, National Radiation Emergency Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seung Bum Lee
- Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Science, Laboratory of Radiation Exposure & Therapeutics, National Radiation Emergency Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Won Il Jang
- Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Science, Laboratory of Radiation Exposure & Therapeutics, National Radiation Emergency Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sunhoo Park
- Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Science, Laboratory of Radiation Exposure & Therapeutics, National Radiation Emergency Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Pathology, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Science, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Min-Jung Kim
- Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Science, Laboratory of Radiation Exposure & Therapeutics, National Radiation Emergency Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sehwan Shim
- Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Science, Laboratory of Radiation Exposure & Therapeutics, National Radiation Emergency Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
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Akuwudike P, López-Riego M, Marczyk M, Kocibalova Z, Brückner F, Polańska J, Wojcik A, Lundholm L. Short- and long-term effects of radiation exposure at low dose and low dose rate in normal human VH10 fibroblasts. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1297942. [PMID: 38162630 PMCID: PMC10755029 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1297942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Experimental studies complement epidemiological data on the biological effects of low doses and dose rates of ionizing radiation and help in determining the dose and dose rate effectiveness factor. Methods Human VH10 skin fibroblasts exposed to 25, 50, and 100 mGy of 137Cs gamma radiation at 1.6, 8, 12 mGy/h, and at a high dose rate of 23.4 Gy/h, were analyzed for radiation-induced short- and long-term effects. Two sample cohorts, i.e., discovery (n = 30) and validation (n = 12), were subjected to RNA sequencing. The pool of the results from those six experiments with shared conditions (1.6 mGy/h; 24 h), together with an earlier time point (0 h), constituted a third cohort (n = 12). Results The 100 mGy-exposed cells at all abovementioned dose rates, harvested at 0/24 h and 21 days after exposure, showed no strong gene expression changes. DMXL2, involved in the regulation of the NOTCH signaling pathway, presented a consistent upregulation among both the discovery and validation cohorts, and was validated by qPCR. Gene set enrichment analysis revealed that the NOTCH pathway was upregulated in the pooled cohort (p = 0.76, normalized enrichment score (NES) = 0.86). Apart from upregulated apical junction and downregulated DNA repair, few pathways were consistently changed across exposed cohorts. Concurringly, cell viability assays, performed 1, 3, and 6 days post irradiation, and colony forming assay, seeded just after exposure, did not reveal any statistically significant early effects on cell growth or survival patterns. Tendencies of increased viability (day 6) and reduced colony size (day 21) were observed at 12 mGy/h and 23.4 Gy/min. Furthermore, no long-term changes were observed in cell growth curves generated up to 70 days after exposure. Discussion In conclusion, low doses of gamma radiation given at low dose rates had no strong cytotoxic effects on radioresistant VH10 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Akuwudike
- Centre for Radiation Protection Research, Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Milagrosa López-Riego
- Centre for Radiation Protection Research, Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Michal Marczyk
- Department of Data Science and Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland
- Yale Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Zuzana Kocibalova
- Centre for Radiation Protection Research, Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Fabian Brückner
- Centre for Radiation Protection Research, Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Joanna Polańska
- Department of Data Science and Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Andrzej Wojcik
- Centre for Radiation Protection Research, Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- Institute of Biology, Jan Kochanowski University, Kielce, Poland
| | - Lovisa Lundholm
- Centre for Radiation Protection Research, Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
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Potart D, Gluais M, Gaubert A, Da Silva N, Hourques M, Sarrazin M, Izotte J, Mora Charrot L, L'Heureux N. The cell-assembled extracellular matrix: A focus on the storage stability and terminal sterilization of this human "bio" material. Acta Biomater 2023; 166:133-146. [PMID: 37149079 PMCID: PMC7614989 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2023.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The Cell-Assembled extracellular Matrix (CAM) is an attractive biomaterial because it provided the backbone of vascular grafts that were successfully implanted in patients, and because it can now be assembled in "human textiles". For future clinical development, it is important to consider key manufacturing questions. In this study, the impact of various storage conditions and sterilization methods were evaluated. After 1 year of dry frozen storage, no change in mechanical nor physicochemical properties were detected. However, storage at 4 °C and room temperature resulted in some mechanical changes, especially for dry CAM, but physicochemical changes were minor. Sterilization modified CAM mechanical and physicochemical properties marginally except for hydrated gamma treatment. All sterilized CAM supported cell proliferation. CAM ribbons were implanted subcutaneously in immunodeficient rats to assess the impact of sterilization on the innate immune response. Sterilization accelerated strength loss but no significant difference could be shown at 10 months. Very mild and transient inflammatory responses were observed. Supercritical CO2 sterilization had the least effect. In conclusion, the CAM is a promising biomaterial since it is unaffected by long-term storage in conditions available in hospitals (hydrated at 4 °C), and can be sterilized terminally (scCO2) without compromising in vitro nor in vivo performance. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: In the field of tissue engineering, the use of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins as a scaffolding biomaterial has become very popular. Recently, many investigators have focused on ECM produced by cells in vitro to produce unprocessed biological scaffolds. As this new kind of "biomaterial" becomes more and more relevant, it is critical to consider key manufacturing questions to facilitate future transition to the clinic. This article presents an extensive evaluation of long-term storage stability and terminal sterilization effects on an extracellular matrix assembled by cells in vitro. We believe that this article will be of great interest to help tissue engineers involved in so-called scaffold-free approaches to better prepare the translation from benchtop to bedside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane Potart
- BIOTIS - Laboratory for the Bioengineering of Tissues (UMR Inserm 1026), University of Bordeaux, Inserm, BIOTIS, UMR1026, Campus Carreire, 146 Rue Léo-Saignat, case 45, Bordeaux F-33076, France
| | - Maude Gluais
- BIOTIS - Laboratory for the Bioengineering of Tissues (UMR Inserm 1026), University of Bordeaux, Inserm, BIOTIS, UMR1026, Campus Carreire, 146 Rue Léo-Saignat, case 45, Bordeaux F-33076, France
| | - Alexandra Gaubert
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, UMR 5320, Inserm, UMR121, ANRA, Bordeaux F-33076, France
| | - Nicolas Da Silva
- BIOTIS - Laboratory for the Bioengineering of Tissues (UMR Inserm 1026), University of Bordeaux, Inserm, BIOTIS, UMR1026, Campus Carreire, 146 Rue Léo-Saignat, case 45, Bordeaux F-33076, France
| | - Marie Hourques
- BIOTIS - Laboratory for the Bioengineering of Tissues (UMR Inserm 1026), University of Bordeaux, Inserm, BIOTIS, UMR1026, Campus Carreire, 146 Rue Léo-Saignat, case 45, Bordeaux F-33076, France
| | - Marie Sarrazin
- BIOTIS - Laboratory for the Bioengineering of Tissues (UMR Inserm 1026), University of Bordeaux, Inserm, BIOTIS, UMR1026, Campus Carreire, 146 Rue Léo-Saignat, case 45, Bordeaux F-33076, France
| | - Julien Izotte
- Animal Facility A2, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux F-33076, France
| | - Léa Mora Charrot
- Animal Facility A2, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux F-33076, France
| | - Nicolas L'Heureux
- BIOTIS - Laboratory for the Bioengineering of Tissues (UMR Inserm 1026), University of Bordeaux, Inserm, BIOTIS, UMR1026, Campus Carreire, 146 Rue Léo-Saignat, case 45, Bordeaux F-33076, France.
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Chaurasia RK, Shirsath KB, Desai UN, Bhat NN, Sapra BK. Establishment of in vitro Calibration Curve for 60Co-γ-rays Induced Phospho-53BP1 Foci, Rapid Biodosimetry and Initial Triage, and Comparative Evaluations With γH2AX and Cytogenetic Assays. Front Public Health 2022; 10:845200. [PMID: 36003625 PMCID: PMC9393360 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.845200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A rapid and reliable method for biodosimetry of populations exposed to ionizing radiation in the event of an incident or accident is crucial for initial triage and medical attention. DNA-double strand breaks (DSBs) are indicative of radiation exposure, and DSB-repair proteins (53BP1, γH2AX, ATM, etc.) are considered sensitive markers of DSB quantification. Phospho-53BP1 and γH2AX immunofluorescence technique serves as a sensitive, reliable, and reproducible tool for the detection and quantification of DSB-repair proteins, which can be used for biological dose estimations. In this study, dose-response curves were generated for 60Co-γ-rays induced phospho-53 Binding Protein 1 (phospho-53BP1) foci at 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, and 24 h, post-irradiation for a dose range of 0.05–4 Gy using fluorescence microscopy. Following ISO recommendations, minimum detection limits (MDLs) were estimated to be 16, 18, 25, 40, 50, and 75 mGy for dose-response curves generated at 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, and 24 h post-irradiation. Colocalization and correlation of phospho-53BP1 and γH2AX were also measured in irradiated peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) to gain dual confirmation. Comparative evaluation of the established curve was made by γH2AX-immunofluorescence, dicentric chromosome assay (DCA), and reciprocal translocation (RT) assays by reconstructing the dose of 6 dose-blinded samples. Coefficients of respective in-house established dose-response curves were employed to reconstruct the blind doses. Estimated doses were within the variation of 4.124%. For lower doses (0.052 Gy), phospho-53BP1 and γH2AX assays gave closer estimates with the variation of −4.1 to + 9% in comparison to cytogenetic assays, where variations were −8.5 to 24%. For higher doses (3 and 4 Gy), both the cytogenetic and immunofluorescence (phospho-53BP1 and γH2AX), assays gave comparable close estimates, with −11.3 to + 14.3% and −10.3 to −13.7%, variations, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Kumar Chaurasia
- Radiological Physics and Advisory Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC), Mumbai, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Mumbai, India
- *Correspondence: Rajesh Kumar Chaurasia
| | - Kapil B. Shirsath
- Radiological Physics and Advisory Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC), Mumbai, India
| | - Utkarsha N. Desai
- Radiological Physics and Advisory Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC), Mumbai, India
| | - Nagesh N. Bhat
- Radiological Physics and Advisory Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC), Mumbai, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Mumbai, India
- Nagesh N. Bhat
| | - B. K. Sapra
- Radiological Physics and Advisory Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC), Mumbai, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Mumbai, India
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Płódowska M, Krakowiak W, Węgierek-Ciuk A, Lankoff A, Szary K, Lis K, Wojcik A, Lisowska H. Hypothermia differentially modulates the formation and decay of NBS1, γH2AX and 53BP1 foci in U2OS cells exposed to gamma radiation. Sci Rep 2022; 12:5878. [PMID: 35393518 PMCID: PMC8989987 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-09829-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In studies on the mechanism of DNA damage response where ionizing radiation is used as the DNA damaging agent, cells are often exposed to ionizing radiation on melting ice (corresponding to 0.8 °C). The purpose of this procedure is to inhibit cellular processes i.e. DNA repair. Low temperature at exposure has been shown to act in a radioprotective manner at the level of cytogenetic damage, but its mechanisms of action are poorly understood. The aim of the study was to analyze the effect of hypothermia at the level of formation and decay of NBS1, γH2AX, and 53BP1 foci, micronuclei, survival, cell cycle progression and oxidative stress in U2OS cells. The results show that hypothermia alone induced oxidative stress and foci. When applied in combination with radiation but only during the exposure time, it potentiated the formation of γH2AX and 53BP1 but not of NBS1 foci. When applied during irradiation and subsequent repair time, 53BP1 and NBS1 foci formed and decayed, but the levels were markedly lower than when repair was carried out at 37 °C. The frequency of micronuclei was elevated in cells irradiated at 0.8 °C, but only when analysed 20 h after irradiation which is likely due to a reduced G2 cell cycle block. Hypothermia reduced cell survival, both with and without radiation exposure. The temperature effect should be considered when cooling cells on melting ice to inhibit DNA repair in the induction of DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Płódowska
- Department of Medical Biology, Institute of Biology, Jan Kochanowski University, Kielce, Poland.
| | - Wiktoria Krakowiak
- Department of Medical Biology, Institute of Biology, Jan Kochanowski University, Kielce, Poland
| | - Aneta Węgierek-Ciuk
- Department of Medical Biology, Institute of Biology, Jan Kochanowski University, Kielce, Poland
| | - Anna Lankoff
- Department of Medical Biology, Institute of Biology, Jan Kochanowski University, Kielce, Poland.,Centre for Radiobiology and Biological Dosimetry, Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Karol Szary
- Department of Atomic Physics and Nanophysics, Institute of Physics, Jan Kochanowski University, Kielce, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Lis
- Department of Medical Physics, Holy Cross Cancer Center, Kielce, Poland
| | - Andrzej Wojcik
- Department of Medical Biology, Institute of Biology, Jan Kochanowski University, Kielce, Poland.,Centre for Radiation Protection Research, Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Halina Lisowska
- Department of Medical Biology, Institute of Biology, Jan Kochanowski University, Kielce, Poland
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Bucher M, Trinkl S, Endesfelder D, Weiss T, Gomolka M, Pätzold J, Lechel U, Roessler U, de Las Heras Gala H, Moertl S, Giussani A. Radiation field and dose inhomogeneities using an X-ray cabinet in radiation biology research. Med Phys 2021; 48:8140-8151. [PMID: 34655237 DOI: 10.1002/mp.15297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE X-ray cabinets are replacing 137 Cs/60 Co sources in radiation biology research due to advantages in size, handling, and radiation protection. However, because of their different physical properties, X-ray cabinets are more susceptible to experimental influences than conventional sources. The aim of this study was to examine the variations related to the experimental setups typically used to investigate biological radiation effects with X-ray cabinets. MATERIALS AND METHODS A combined approach of physical dose measurements by thermoluminescence dosimetry and detection of biological effects by quantification of γH2AX and 53BP1 foci was used to analyze field inhomogeneity and evaluate the influence of the components of the experimental setup. RESULTS Irradiation was performed using an X-ray tube (195 kV, 10 mA, 0.5-mm-thick copper filter, dose rate of 0.59 Gy/min). Thermoluminescence dosimetry revealed inhomogeneity and a dose decrease of up to 42.3% within the beam area (diameter 31.1 cm) compared to the dose at the center. This dose decrease was consistent with the observed decline in the number of radiation-induced foci by up to 55.9 %. Uniform dose distribution was measured after reducing the size of the radiation field (diameter 12.5 cm). However, when using 15-ml test tubes placed at different positions within this field, the dose decreased by up to 17% in comparison to the central position. Analysis of foci number revealed significant differences between the tubes for γH2AX (1 h) and 53BP1 (4 h) at different time points after irradiation. Neither removal of some tubes nor of the caps improved the dose decrease significantly. By contrast, when using 1.5-ml tubes, dose differences were less than 4%, and no significant differences in foci number were detected. CONCLUSION X-ray cabinets are user-friendly irradiation units for investigating biological radiation effects. However, field inhomogeneities and experimental setup components considerably affect the delivered irradiation doses. For this reason, strict dosimetric monitoring of experimental irradiation setups is mandatory for reliable studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Bucher
- Department of Effects and Risks of Ionising and Non-Ionising Radiation, Federal Office for Radiation Protection, Oberschleissheim, Germany
| | - Sebastian Trinkl
- Department of Medical and Occupational Radiation Protection, Federal Office for Radiation Protection, Oberschleissheim, Germany
| | - David Endesfelder
- Department of Effects and Risks of Ionising and Non-Ionising Radiation, Federal Office for Radiation Protection, Oberschleissheim, Germany
| | - Tina Weiss
- Department of Medical and Occupational Radiation Protection, Federal Office for Radiation Protection, Oberschleissheim, Germany
| | - Maria Gomolka
- Department of Effects and Risks of Ionising and Non-Ionising Radiation, Federal Office for Radiation Protection, Oberschleissheim, Germany
| | - Juliane Pätzold
- Department of Effects and Risks of Ionising and Non-Ionising Radiation, Federal Office for Radiation Protection, Oberschleissheim, Germany
| | - Ursula Lechel
- Department of Medical and Occupational Radiation Protection, Federal Office for Radiation Protection, Oberschleissheim, Germany
| | - Ute Roessler
- Department of Effects and Risks of Ionising and Non-Ionising Radiation, Federal Office for Radiation Protection, Oberschleissheim, Germany
| | - Hugo de Las Heras Gala
- Department of Medical and Occupational Radiation Protection, Federal Office for Radiation Protection, Oberschleissheim, Germany
| | - Simone Moertl
- Department of Effects and Risks of Ionising and Non-Ionising Radiation, Federal Office for Radiation Protection, Oberschleissheim, Germany
| | - Augusto Giussani
- Department of Medical and Occupational Radiation Protection, Federal Office for Radiation Protection, Oberschleissheim, Germany
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Płódowska M, Lopez-Riego M, Akuwudike P, Sobota D, Filipek M, Kłosowski M, Kaźmierczak U, Brzozowska B, Baliga A, Lisowska H, Braziewicz J, Olko P, Lundholm L, Wojcik A. Small is beautiful: low activity alpha and gamma sources for small-scale radiation protection research experiments. Int J Radiat Biol 2021; 97:541-552. [PMID: 33395328 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2021.1867925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Uncertainties regarding the magnitude of health effects following exposure to low doses of ionizing radiation remain a matter of concern both for professionals and for the public. There is consensus within the international radiation research community that more research is required on biological effects of radiation doses below 100 mGy applied at low dose rates. Moreover, there is a demand for increasing education and training of future radiation researchers and regulators. Research, education and training is primarily carried out at universities but university-based radiation research is often hampered by limited access to radiation sources. The aim of the present report is to describe small and cost-effective low activity gamma and alpha sources that can easily be installed and used in university laboratories. METHODS AND RESULTS A gamma radiation source was made from an euxenite-(Y) rock (Y,Ca,Ce,U,Th)(Nb,Ta,Ti)2O6) that was found in an abandoned mine in Sweden. It allows exposing cells grown in culture dishes to radiation at a dose rate of 50 µGy/h and lower. Three alpha sources were custom-made and yield a dose rate of 1 mGy/h each. The construction, dosimetry and cellular effects of the sources are described. CONCLUSIONS We hope that the report will stimulate research and training activities in the low dose field by facilitating access to radiation sources.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Milagrosa Lopez-Riego
- Centre for Radiation Protection Research, Department of Molecular Biosciences, the Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Pamela Akuwudike
- Centre for Radiation Protection Research, Department of Molecular Biosciences, the Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Daniel Sobota
- Institute of Physics, Jan Kochanowski University, Kielce, Poland
| | - Mateusz Filipek
- Institute of Experimental Physics, University of Warsaw, Warszawa, Poland.,Heavy Ion Laboratory, University of Warsaw, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Mariusz Kłosowski
- Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
| | | | - Beata Brzozowska
- Institute of Experimental Physics, University of Warsaw, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Baliga
- Institute of Biology, Jan Kochanowski University, Kielce, Poland
| | - Halina Lisowska
- Institute of Biology, Jan Kochanowski University, Kielce, Poland
| | | | - Paweł Olko
- Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
| | - Lovisa Lundholm
- Centre for Radiation Protection Research, Department of Molecular Biosciences, the Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andrzej Wojcik
- Institute of Biology, Jan Kochanowski University, Kielce, Poland.,Centre for Radiation Protection Research, Department of Molecular Biosciences, the Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
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