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Murray CS, Karram M, Bass DJ, Doceti M, Becker D, Nunez JCB, Ratan A, Bergland AO. Balancing selection and the functional effects of shared polymorphism in cryptic Daphnia species. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.16.589693. [PMID: 38659826 PMCID: PMC11042267 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.16.589693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
The patterns of genetic variation within and between related taxa represent the genetic history of a species. Shared polymorphisms, loci with identical alleles across species, are of unique interest as they may represent cases of ancient selection maintaining functional variation post-speciation. In this study, we investigate the abundance of shared polymorphism in the Daphnia pulex species complex. We test whether shared mutations are consistent with the action of balancing selection or alternative hypotheses such as hybridization, incomplete lineage sorting, or convergent evolution. We analyzed over 2,000 genomes from North American and European D. pulex and several outgroup species to examine the prevalence and distribution of shared alleles between the focal species pair, North American and European D. pulex. We show that while North American and European D. pulex diverged over ten million years ago, they retained tens of thousands of shared alleles. We found that the number of shared polymorphisms between North American and European D. pulex cannot be explained by hybridization or incomplete lineage sorting alone. Instead, we show that most shared polymorphisms could be the product of convergent evolution, that a limited number appear to be old trans-specific polymorphisms, and that balancing selection is affecting young and ancient mutations alike. Finally, we provide evidence that a blue wavelength opsin gene with trans-specific polymorphisms has functional effects on behavior and fitness in the wild. Ultimately, our findings provide insights into the genetic basis of adaptation and the maintenance of genetic diversity between species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connor S. Murray
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Madison Karram
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - David J. Bass
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Madison Doceti
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Dörthe Becker
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- School of Biosciences, Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | | | - Aakrosh Ratan
- Center of Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Alan O. Bergland
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
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Graeve A, Huster J, Görl D, Ioannidou I, Gómez R, Weiss LC. Distinct cell proliferation patterns underlying the development of defensive crests in Daphnia longicephala. Heliyon 2022; 8:e10513. [PMID: 36110230 PMCID: PMC9468406 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The freshwater crustacean Daphnia is well known for its expression of morphological defenses in the presence of predators. Research into this phenomenon has mostly centered on the ecology and evolution of Daphnia defenses; information is limited on the cellular mechanisms that underlie site-specific tissue growth. We aimed to determine these cellular mechanisms, specifically those associated with the development of defensive crests in D. longicephala. With the help of a cell-proliferation assay we monitored changes in the epidermal tissue of naïve and predator-exposed D. longicephala. Based on our results, we propose that cell division is delayed in favor of cell growth, which results in crest formation. Further, we identify specific regions of proliferative activity in a time-dependent manner. Defense development starts in the ventral region, before extending in the cranial and then dorsal directions. We demonstrate that these cellular changes begin as early as 2 h after predator exposure. Our results provide new insights into the cellular processes underlying morphological defense expression in Daphnia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annette Graeve
- Department of Animal Ecology, Evolution and Biodiversity, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Joshua Huster
- Department of Animal Ecology, Evolution and Biodiversity, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Deria Görl
- Department of Animal Ecology, Evolution and Biodiversity, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Ioanna Ioannidou
- Department of Animal Ecology, Evolution and Biodiversity, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Rocio Gómez
- Cell Biology Unit, Department of Biology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Linda C. Weiss
- Department of Animal Ecology, Evolution and Biodiversity, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
- Corresponding author.
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Jeremias G, Jesus F, Ventura SPM, Gonçalves FJM, Asselman J, Pereira JL. New insights on the effects of ionic liquid structural changes at the gene expression level: Molecular mechanisms of toxicity in Daphnia magna. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 409:124517. [PMID: 33199138 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Knowledge on the molecular basis of ionic liquids' (ILs) ecotoxicity is critical for the development of these designer solvents as their structure can be engineered to simultaneously meet functionality performance and environmental safety. The molecular effects of ILs were investigated by using RNA-sequencing following Daphnia magna exposure to imidazolium- and cholinium-based ILs: 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([C2mim]Cl), 1-dodecyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([C12mim]Cl) and cholinium chloride ([Chol]Cl)-; the selection allowing to compare different families and cation alkyl chains. ILs shared mechanisms of toxicity focusing e.g. cellular membrane and cytoskeleton, oxidative stress, energy production, protein biosynthesis, DNA damage, disease initiation. [C2mim]Cl and [C12mim]Cl were the least and the most toxic ILs at the transcriptional level, denoting the role of the alkyl chain as a driver of ILs toxicity. Also, it was reinforced that [Chol]Cl is not devoid of environmental hazardous potential regardless of its argued biological compatibility. Unique gene expression signatures could also be identified for each IL, enlightening specific mechanisms of toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme Jeremias
- Department of Biology & CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, University of Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Fátima Jesus
- Department of Biology & CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, University of Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Sónia P M Ventura
- Department of Chemistry & CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Fernando J M Gonçalves
- Department of Biology & CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, University of Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Jana Asselman
- Blue Growth Research Lab, Ghent University, Bluebridge Building, Ostend Science Park 1, 8400 Ostend, Belgium
| | - Joana L Pereira
- Department of Biology & CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, University of Aveiro, Portugal.
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4
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Chin TA, Cristescu ME. Speciation in Daphnia. Mol Ecol 2021; 30:1398-1418. [PMID: 33522056 DOI: 10.1111/mec.15824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The microcrustacean Daphnia is arguably one of the most studied zooplankton species, having a well understood ecology, life history, and a relatively well studied evolutionary history. Despite this wealth of knowledge, species boundaries within closely related species in this genus often remain elusive and the major evolutionary forces driving the diversity of daphniids remain controversial. This genus contains more than 80 species with multiple cryptic species complexes, with many closely related species able to hybridize. Here, we review speciation research in Daphnia within the framework of current speciation theory. We evaluate the role of geography, ecology, and biology in restricting gene flow and promoting diversification. Of the 253 speciation studies on Daphnia, the majority of studies examine geographic barriers (55%). While evidence shows that geographic barriers play a role in species divergence, ecological barriers are also probably prominent in Daphnia speciation. We assess the contribution of ecological and nonecological reproductive isolating barriers between closely related species of Daphnia and found that none of the reproductive isolating barriers are restricting gene flow completely. Research on reproductive isolating barriers has disproportionally focused on two species complexes, the Daphnia pulex and Daphnia longispina species complexes. Finally, we identify areas of research that remain relatively unexplored and discuss future research directions that build our understanding of speciation in daphniids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany A Chin
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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Kvist J, Athanàsio CG, Pfrender ME, Brown JB, Colbourne JK, Mirbahai L. A comprehensive epigenomic analysis of phenotypically distinguishable, genetically identical female and male Daphnia pulex. BMC Genomics 2020; 21:17. [PMID: 31906859 PMCID: PMC6945601 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-019-6415-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Daphnia species reproduce by cyclic parthenogenesis involving both sexual and asexual reproduction. The sex of the offspring is environmentally determined and mediated via endocrine signalling by the mother. Interestingly, male and female Daphnia can be genetically identical, yet display large differences in behaviour, morphology, lifespan and metabolic activity. Our goal was to integrate multiple omics datasets, including gene expression, splicing, histone modification and DNA methylation data generated from genetically identical female and male Daphnia pulex under controlled laboratory settings with the aim of achieving a better understanding of the underlying epigenetic factors that may contribute to the phenotypic differences observed between the two genders. RESULTS In this study we demonstrate that gene expression level is positively correlated with increased DNA methylation, and histone H3 trimethylation at lysine 4 (H3K4me3) at predicted promoter regions. Conversely, elevated histone H3 trimethylation at lysine 27 (H3K27me3), distributed across the entire transcript length, is negatively correlated with gene expression level. Interestingly, male Daphnia are dominated with epigenetic modifications that globally promote elevated gene expression, while female Daphnia are dominated with epigenetic modifications that reduce gene expression globally. For examples, CpG methylation (positively correlated with gene expression level) is significantly higher in almost all differentially methylated sites in male compared to female Daphnia. Furthermore, H3K4me3 modifications are higher in male compared to female Daphnia in more than 3/4 of the differentially regulated promoters. On the other hand, H3K27me3 is higher in female compared to male Daphnia in more than 5/6 of differentially modified sites. However, both sexes demonstrate roughly equal number of genes that are up-regulated in one gender compared to the other sex. Since, gene expression analyses typically assume that most genes are expressed at equal level among samples and different conditions, and thus cannot detect global changes affecting most genes. CONCLUSIONS The epigenetic differences between male and female in Daphnia pulex are vast and dominated by changes that promote elevated gene expression in male Daphnia. Furthermore, the differences observed in both gene expression changes and epigenetic modifications between the genders relate to pathways that are physiologically relevant to the observed phenotypic differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jouni Kvist
- Research Program for Molecular Neurology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
| | | | - Michael E Pfrender
- Department of Biological Sciences and Environmental Change Initiative, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, USA
| | - James B Brown
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, USA
- Centre for Computational Biology (CCB), University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | | | - Leda Mirbahai
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK.
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Lindeman LC, Thaulow J, Song Y, Kamstra JH, Xie L, Asselman J, Aleström P, Tollefsen KE. Epigenetic, transcriptional and phenotypic responses in two generations of Daphnia magna exposed to the DNA methylation inhibitor 5-azacytidine. ENVIRONMENTAL EPIGENETICS 2019; 5:dvz016. [PMID: 31528364 PMCID: PMC6736351 DOI: 10.1093/eep/dvz016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 07/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The water flea Daphnia magna is a keystone species in freshwater ecosystems and has been widely used as a model organism in environmental ecotoxicology. This aquatic crustacean is sensitive to environmental stressors and displays considerable plasticity in adapting to changing environmental conditions. Part of this plasticity may be due to epigenetic regulation of gene expression, including changes to DNA methylation and histone modifications. Because of the generally hypomethylated genome of this species, we hypothesized that the histone code may have an essential role in the epigenetic control and that histone modifications might be an early marker for stress. This study aims to characterize the epigenetic, transcriptional and phenotypic responses and their causal linkages in directly exposed adult (F0) Daphnia and peritoneal exposed neonates (F1) after a chronic (7-day) exposure to a sublethal concentration (10 mg/l) of 5-azacytidine, a well-studied vertebrate DNA methylation inhibitor. Exposure of the F0 generation significantly reduced the cumulative fecundity, accompanied with differential expression of genes in the one-carbon-cycle metabolic pathway. In the epigenome of the F0 generation, a decrease in global DNA methylation, but no significant changes on H3K4me3 or H3K27me3, were observed. In the F1 offspring generation, changes in gene expression, a significant reduction in global DNA methylation and changes in histone modifications were identified. The results indicate that exposure during adulthood may result in more pronounced effects on early development in the offspring generation, though interpretation of the data should be carefully done since both the exposure regime and developmental period is different in the two generations examined. The obtained results improve our understanding of crustacean epigenetics and the tools developed may promote use of epigenetic markers in hazard assessment of environmental stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leif Christopher Lindeman
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, PO Box 1432 Ås, Norway
- Centre for Environmental Radioactivity, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, PO Box 5003, N-1432 Ås, Norway
- Correspondence address. Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, PO Box 1432 Ås, Norway. Tel: +47 67232039; Fax: +47 67230691; E-mail:
| | - Jens Thaulow
- Centre for Environmental Radioactivity, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, PO Box 5003, N-1432 Ås, Norway
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research, N-0349 Oslo, Norway
| | - You Song
- Centre for Environmental Radioactivity, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, PO Box 5003, N-1432 Ås, Norway
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research, N-0349 Oslo, Norway
| | - Jorke H Kamstra
- Centre for Environmental Radioactivity, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, PO Box 5003, N-1432 Ås, Norway
- Department of Basic Sciences and Aquatic Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, PO Box 369 Sentrum, N-0454 Oslo, Norway
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Li Xie
- Centre for Environmental Radioactivity, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, PO Box 5003, N-1432 Ås, Norway
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research, N-0349 Oslo, Norway
| | - Jana Asselman
- Laboratory for Environmental Toxicology and Aquatic Ecology (GhEnToxLab), Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Peter Aleström
- Centre for Environmental Radioactivity, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, PO Box 5003, N-1432 Ås, Norway
- Department of Basic Sciences and Aquatic Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, PO Box 369 Sentrum, N-0454 Oslo, Norway
| | - Knut Erik Tollefsen
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, PO Box 1432 Ås, Norway
- Centre for Environmental Radioactivity, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, PO Box 5003, N-1432 Ås, Norway
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research, N-0349 Oslo, Norway
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7
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Constantinou J, Sullivan J, Mirbahai L. Ageing differently: Sex-dependent ageing rates in Daphnia magna. Exp Gerontol 2019; 121:33-45. [PMID: 30922945 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2019.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Ageing is defined as the gradual decline of normal physiological functions in a time-dependent manner. Significant progress has been made in characterising the regulatory processes involved in the mechanisms of ageing which would have been hindered without the use of model organisms. Use of alternative model organisms greatly diversifies our understanding of different factors underpinning the ageing process and the potential translation for human application. Unique characteristics make Daphnia an attractive model organism for research into mechanisms underlying ageing, such as transparent body, short generation time, well-characterised methylome, regenerative capabilities and available naturally occurring ecotypes. Most interestingly, genetically identical female and male Daphnia have evolved different average lifespans, providing a unique opportunity for understanding the underlying mechanisms of ageing and regulation of lifespan. Investigating sex differences in longevity could provide insight into principal mechanisms of ageing and lifespan regulation. In this study we provide evidence in support of establishing genetically identical female and male Daphnia as unique and valuable resources for research into mechanisms of ageing and begin to delineate the mechanisms involved in sex differences in lifespan. We identify significant differences between genders in physiological markers such as lifespan, growth rate, heart rate and swimming speed in addition to molecular markers such as lipid peroxidation product accumulation, thiol content decline and age-dependent decline in DNA damage repair efficiency. Overall, our data indicates that investigating sex differences in longevity in the clonal organism Daphnia under controlled laboratory conditions can provide insight into principal mechanisms of ageing and lifespan regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Constantinou
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.
| | - Jack Sullivan
- MRC-ARUK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; NIHR Surgical Reconstruction and Microbiology Research Centre, University Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2WB, UK
| | - Leda Mirbahai
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK.
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de Almeida BRR, Noronha RCR, da Costa MJR, Nagamachi CY, Pieczarka JC. Meiosis in the scorpion Tityus silvestris: new insights into achiasmatic chromosomes. Biol Open 2019; 8:bio.040352. [PMID: 31072909 PMCID: PMC6550081 DOI: 10.1242/bio.040352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Achiasmatic male meiosis in scorpions is characterized by a high frequency of gaps, asynaptic regions and multivalent associations. Here, we performed an immunocytogenetic analysis to investigate recombination, and synapsis and chromatin-remodeling events during meiosis of the scorpion Tityus silvestris Our results demonstrate that the synaptonemal complex (SC) begins its organization in the zygotene stage and persists until metaphase I. The advancement of the synaptic process is related to the epigenetic modification histone H3 lysine 27 trimethylation (H3K27m3). The distribution and dynamics patterns of variant γH2AX and recombinase Rad51 during achiasmatic meiosis suggests formation and repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) during early stages of prophase I. The epigenetic modifications, histone H3 lysine 4 trimethylation (H3K4m3) and histone H3 lysine 9 acetylation (H3K9ac), showed a dispersed distribution along the bivalents, suggesting that transcriptional activity is maintained constitutively during prophase I. However, H3K9ac modifications are absent in constitutive heterochromatin carrying the 45S rDNA in pachytene and post-pachytene stages. Collectively, our data demonstrate that T. silvestris exhibits adaptations to the achiasmatic mode, and suggest that epigenetic modifications may act in the regulation of these mechanisms to favor the normal continuation of meiosis in this scorpion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Rafael Ribeiro de Almeida
- Laboratório de Citogenética, Centro de Estudos Avançados em Biodiversidade, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Avenida Augusto Corrêa, s/n, 66075-900, Guamá, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Renata Coelho Rodrigues Noronha
- Laboratório de Citogenética, Centro de Estudos Avançados em Biodiversidade, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Avenida Augusto Corrêa, s/n, 66075-900, Guamá, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Marlyson Jeremias Rodrigues da Costa
- Laboratório de Citogenética, Centro de Estudos Avançados em Biodiversidade, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Avenida Augusto Corrêa, s/n, 66075-900, Guamá, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Cleusa Yoshiko Nagamachi
- Laboratório de Citogenética, Centro de Estudos Avançados em Biodiversidade, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Avenida Augusto Corrêa, s/n, 66075-900, Guamá, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Julio Cesar Pieczarka
- Laboratório de Citogenética, Centro de Estudos Avançados em Biodiversidade, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Avenida Augusto Corrêa, s/n, 66075-900, Guamá, Belém, Pará, Brazil
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9
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Chen L, Barnett RE, Horstmann M, Bamberger V, Heberle L, Krebs N, Colbourne JK, Gómez R, Weiss LC. Mitotic activity patterns and cytoskeletal changes throughout the progression of diapause developmental program in Daphnia. BMC Cell Biol 2018; 19:30. [PMID: 30594127 PMCID: PMC6310958 DOI: 10.1186/s12860-018-0181-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Diapause is a form of dormancy that is genetically predetermined to allow animals to overcome harsh environmental conditions. It is induced by predictive environmental cues bringing cellular activity levels into a state of suspended animation. Entering diapause requires organismal, molecular and cellular adaptation to severely reduced energy flows. Cells must therefore have evolved strategies that prepare them for periods with limited metabolic resources. However, changes that occur on the (sub-)cellular level have not been thoroughly described. Results We investigated mitotic activity and we monitored cytoskeletal network changes in successive stages of diapausing and non-diapausing Daphnia magna embryos using (immuno-)fluorescent labeling. We find that embryos destined to diapause show a delayed and 2.5x slower mitotic activity in comparison to continuously developing embryos. Development is halted when D. magna embryos reach ~ 3500 cells, whereupon mitotic activity is absent and cytoskeletal components are severely reduced, rendering diapause cells compact and condensed. Conclusion In the initiation phase of diapause, the slower cell division rate points to prolonged interphase duration, preparing the cells for diapause maintenance. During diapause, cytoskeletal depletion and cellular condensation may be a means to save energy resources. Our data provide insights into the sub-cellular change of diapause in Daphnia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luxi Chen
- Department of Animal Ecology, Evolution and Biodiversity, Ruhr-University Bochum, NDEF 05/751, Universitaetsstrasse 150, 44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - Rosemary E Barnett
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Martin Horstmann
- Department of Animal Ecology, Evolution and Biodiversity, Ruhr-University Bochum, NDEF 05/751, Universitaetsstrasse 150, 44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - Verena Bamberger
- Department of Animal Ecology, Evolution and Biodiversity, Ruhr-University Bochum, NDEF 05/751, Universitaetsstrasse 150, 44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - Lea Heberle
- Department of Animal Ecology, Evolution and Biodiversity, Ruhr-University Bochum, NDEF 05/751, Universitaetsstrasse 150, 44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - Nina Krebs
- Department of Animal Ecology, Evolution and Biodiversity, Ruhr-University Bochum, NDEF 05/751, Universitaetsstrasse 150, 44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - John K Colbourne
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Rocío Gómez
- Departamento de Biología. Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Linda C Weiss
- Department of Animal Ecology, Evolution and Biodiversity, Ruhr-University Bochum, NDEF 05/751, Universitaetsstrasse 150, 44780, Bochum, Germany.
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10
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Martin-Creuzburg D, Massier T, Wacker A. Sex-Specific Differences in Essential Lipid Requirements of Daphnia magna. Front Ecol Evol 2018. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2018.00089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
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11
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Li G, Kang X, Mu S, Guo M, Huang S, Chen Q, Nong S, Huang X, Hu H, Sun K. H3K9ac involved in the decondensation of spermatozoal nuclei during spermatogenesis in Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis. Cytotechnology 2016; 69:75-87. [PMID: 27896558 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-016-0038-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
As a well-known crustacean model species, the Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis presents spermatozoa with decondensed DNA. Our aim was to analyze structural distribution of the histone H3 and its acetylated lysine 9 (H3K9ac) during spermatogenesis for the mechanistic understanding of the nuclear decondensation of the spermatozoa in E. sinensis. Using specific antibodies, we followed the structural distribution and acetylated lysine 9 of the histone H3 during spermatogenesis, especially spermiogenesis, of E. sinensis. Various spermary samples at different developmental stages were used for histological immunofluorescence and ultrastructural immunocytochemistry. Our results demonstrate a wide distribution of the histone H3 and H3K9ac during spermatogenesis, including spermatogonia, spermatocytes, spermatids, and immature and mature spermatozoa except for absence of H3K9ac in the secondary spermatocytes. Especially during the initial stage of nuclear decondensation, histone H3 lysine 9 was acetylated and then an amount of H3K9ac was removed from within to outside of the nuclei of late spermatids. The portion of remaining H3K9ac was gradually transferred from the nuclei during the stages of spermatozoa maturation. Our findings suggest both the acetylation of histone H3 lysine 9 and the remain of H3K9ac to contribute to the nuclear decondensation in spermatozoa of E. sinensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genliang Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, 533000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xianjiang Kang
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shumei Mu
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingshen Guo
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, People's Republic of China
| | - Shiwen Huang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, 533000, People's Republic of China
| | - Qinna Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, People's Republic of China
| | - Song Nong
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, 533000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaomin Huang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, 533000, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongliu Hu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, 533000, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke Sun
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, 533000, People's Republic of China
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