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Shang Y, Amendt J, Wang Y, Ren L, Yang F, Zhang X, Zhang C, Guo Y. Multimethod combination for age estimation of Sarcophaga peregrina (Diptera: Sarcophagidae) with implications for estimation of the postmortem interval. Int J Legal Med 2023; 137:329-344. [PMID: 36538108 DOI: 10.1007/s00414-022-02934-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Sarcophaga peregrina (Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830) (Diptera: Sarcophagidae) is a forensically important flesh fly with potential value for estimating the minimum postmortem interval (PMImin). Here, the developmental patterns of S. peregrina were investigated at 5 constant temperatures (15-35 °C). Morphological changes at different developmental stages of the pupa were observed at 4 constant temperatures (15-30 °C) by removing the puparium and staining the pupa with hematoxylin and eosin. Furthermore, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were analyzed at 25 °C in the intrapuparial period to estimate the age of S. peregrina during the intrapuparial stage. S. peregrina completed development from larviposition to adult eclosion at 15 °C, 20 °C, 25 °C, and 30 °C; the developmental durations were 1090.3 ± 30.6 h, 566.6 ± 21.9 h, 404.6 ± 13.01 h, and 280.3 ± 4.5 h, respectively, while the development could not be completed at 35 °C. The intrapuparial period of S. peregrina was divided into 12 sub-stages on the basis of the overall external morphological changes; 6 sub-stages on the basis of individual morphological structures such as the compound eyes, antennae, thorax, legs, wings, and abdomen; and 10 sub-stages on the basis of internal morphological changes detected using histological analysis. The period of each sub-stage or structure that appeared was determined. Moreover, we found that 6 genes (NDUFS2, CPAMD8, NDUFV2, Hsp27, Hsp23, and TPP) with differential expression can be used for the precise age estimation of S. peregrina during the intrapuparial period. This study provided basic developmental data for the use of S. peregrina in PMImin estimation, and we successfully estimated PMImin in a real forensic case by using a multimethod combination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjie Shang
- Department of Forensic Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Jens Amendt
- Institute of Legal Medicine, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe-University, Kennedyallee 104, 60596, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Soochow University, Ganjiang East Road, Suzhou, 215000, China
| | - Lipin Ren
- Department of Forensic Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Fengqin Yang
- Department of Forensic Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Xiangyan Zhang
- Department of Forensic Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Changquan Zhang
- Department of Forensic Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China.
| | - Yadong Guo
- Department of Forensic Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China.
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Temporal Expression Profiles Reveal Potential Targets during Postembryonic Development of Forensically Important Sarcophaga peregrina (Diptera: Sarcophagidae). INSECTS 2022; 13:insects13050453. [PMID: 35621788 PMCID: PMC9143129 DOI: 10.3390/insects13050453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Sarcophaga peregrina (Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830) is a species of medical and forensic importance. In order to investigate the molecular mechanism during postembryonic development and identify specific genes that may serve as potential targets, transcriptome analysis was used to investigate its gene expression dynamics from the larval to pupal stages, based on our previous de novo-assembled genome of S. peregrina. Totals of 2457, 3656, 3764, and 2554 differentially expressed genes were identified. The specific genes encoding the structural constituent of cuticle were significantly differentially expressed, suggesting that degradation and synthesis of cuticle-related proteins might actively occur during metamorphosis. Molting (20-hydroxyecdysone, 20E) and juvenile (JH) hormone pathways were significantly enriched, and gene expression levels changed in a dynamic pattern during the developmental stages. In addition, the genes in the oxidative phosphorylation pathway were significantly expressed at a high level during the larval stage, and down-regulated from the wandering to pupal stages. Weighted gene co-expression correlation network analysis (WGCNA) further demonstrated the potential regulation mechanism of tyrosine metabolism in the process of puparium tanning. Moreover, 10 consistently up-regulated genes were further validated by qRT-PCR. The utility of the models was then examined in a blind study, indicating the ability to predict larval development. The developmental, stage-specific gene profiles suggest novel molecular markers for age prediction of forensically important flies.
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Pimsler ML, Hjelmen CE, Jonika MM, Sharma A, Fu S, Bala M, Sze SH, Tomberlin JK, Tarone AM. Sexual Dimorphism in Growth Rate and Gene Expression Throughout Immature Development in Wild Type Chrysomya rufifacies (Diptera: Calliphoridae) Macquart. Front Ecol Evol 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2021.696638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Reliability of forensic entomology analyses to produce relevant information to a given case requires an understanding of the underlying arthropod population(s) of interest and the factors contributing to variability. Common traits for analyses are affected by a variety of genetic and environmental factors. One trait of interest in forensic investigations has been species-specific temperature-dependent growth rates. Recent work indicates sexual dimorphism may be important in the analysis of such traits and related genetic markers of age. However, studying sexual dimorphic patterns of gene expression throughout immature development in wild-type insects can be difficult due to a lack of genetic tools, and the limits of most sex-determination mechanisms. Chrysomya rufifacies, however, is a particularly tractable system to address these issues as it has a monogenic sex determination system, meaning females have only a single-sex of offspring throughout their life. Using modified breeding procedures (to ensure single-female egg clutches) and transcriptomics, we investigated sexual dimorphism in development rate and gene expression. Females develop slower than males (9 h difference from egg to eclosion respectively) even at 30°C, with an average egg-to-eclosion time of 225 h for males and 234 h for females. Given that many key genes rely on sex-specific splicing for the development and maintenance of sexually dimorphic traits, we used a transcriptomic approach to identify different expression of gene splice variants. We find that 98.4% of assembled nodes exhibited sex-specific, stage-specific, to sex-by-stage specific patterns of expression. However, the greatest signal in the expression data is differentiation by developmental stage, indicating that sexual dimorphism in gene expression during development may not be investigatively important and that markers of age may be relatively independent of sex. Subtle differences in these gene expression patterns can be detected as early as 4 h post-oviposition, and 12 of these nodes demonstrate homology with key Drosophila sex determination genes, providing clues regarding the distinct sex determination mechanism of C. rufifacies. Finally, we validated the transcriptome analyses through qPCR and have identified five genes that are developmentally informative within and between sexes.
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Chen L, Gómez R, Weiss LC. Distinct Gene Expression Patterns of Two Heat Shock Protein 70 Members During Development, Diapause, and Temperature Stress in the Freshwater Crustacean Daphnia magna. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:692517. [PMID: 34277636 PMCID: PMC8281232 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.692517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Dormancy is a lifecycle delay that allows organisms to escape suboptimal environmental conditions. As a genetically programmed type of dormancy, diapause is usually accompanied by metabolic depression and enhanced tolerance toward adverse environmental factors. However, the drivers and regulators that steer an organism’s development into a state of suspended animation to survive environmental stress have not been fully uncovered. Heat shock proteins 70 (HSP70s), which are often produced in response to various types of stress, have been suggested to play a role in diapause. Considering the diversity of the Hsp70 family, different family members may have different functions during diapause. In the present study, we demonstrate the expression of two hsp70 genes (A and B together with protein localization of B) throughout continuous and diapause interrupted development of Daphnia magna. Before and after diapause, the expression of Dmhsp70-A is low. Only shortly before diapause and during diapause, Dmhsp70-A is significantly upregulated and may therefore be involved in diapause preparation and maintenance. In contrast, Dmhsp70-B is expressed only in developing embryos but not in diapausing embryos. During continuous development, the protein of this Hsp70 family member is localized in the cytosol. When we expose both embryo types to heat stress, expression of both hsp70 genes increases only in developing embryos, and the protein of family member B is translocated to the nucleus. In this stress formation, this protein provides effective protection of nucleoplasmic DNA. As we also see this localization in diapausing embryos, it seems that Daphnia embryo types share a common subcellular strategy when facing dormancy or heat shock, i.e., they protect their DNA by HSP70B nuclear translocation. Our study underlines the distinctive roles that different Hsp70 family members play throughout continuous and diapause interrupted development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luxi Chen
- Department of Animal Ecology, Evolution and Biodiversity, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Rocío Gómez
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Linda C Weiss
- Department of Animal Ecology, Evolution and Biodiversity, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
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Characterization of Two Small Heat Shock Protein Genes ( Hsp17.4 and Hs20.3) from Sitodiplosis mosellana, and Their Expression Regulation during Diapause. INSECTS 2021; 12:insects12020119. [PMID: 33572953 PMCID: PMC7911813 DOI: 10.3390/insects12020119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Small heat shock proteins (sHsps) play important roles in thermal adaptation of various organisms, and insect diapause. Sitodiplosis mosellana, a key pest of wheat worldwide, undergoes obligatory larval diapause in soil to survive adverse temperature extremes during hot summers and cold winters. The objectives of this study were to characterize two sHsp genes from S. mosellana (SmHsp17.4 and SmHsp20.3), and determine their expression in response to diapause, extreme high/low temperatures, or 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) treatment. Expression of SmHsp17.4 was down-regulated upon entry into diapause, but up-regulated during the shift to post-diapause quiescence. In contrast, expression of SmHsp20.3 was not affected by entry into diapause, but was pronounced during summer and winter. Furthermore, transcripts of both SmHsps were highly responsive to heat (≥35 °C) and cold (≤−5 °C) during diapause, and topical application of 20E on diapausing larvae also induced SmHsp17.4 in a dose-dependent manner. Notably, the recombinant SmHsp17.4 and SmHsp20.3 exhibited significant molecular chaperone activity. In conclusion, SmHsp17.4 and SmHsp20.3 play essential roles in heat/cold adaptation, and 20E-mediated SmHsp17.4 was also likely involved in diapause termination. Results have improved our understanding of the molecular mechanism underlying diapause and related stress tolerance in S. mosellana. Abstract Sitodiplosis mosellana, a periodic but devastating wheat pest that escapes temperature extremes in summer and winter by undergoing obligatory diapause. To determine the roles of small heat shock proteins (sHsps) in diapause of S. mosellana, we characterized two sHsp genes, SmHsp17.4 and SmHsp20.3, from this species. Both SmHsps contained the conserved α-crystallin domain and the carboxy-terminal I/VXI/V motif of the sHsp family. SmHsp17.4 had one intron while SmHsp20.3 had none. Quantitative PCR revealed that SmHsp17.4 expression decreased after diapause initiation, but substantially increased during transition to post-diapause quiescence. In contrast, SmHsp20.3 expression was not affected by entry of diapause, but was clearly up-regulated during summer and winter. Short-term more severe heat-stress (≥35 °C) of over-summering larvae or cold-stress (≤−5 °C) of over-wintering larvae could stimulate higher expression of both genes, and SmHsp17.4 was more responsive to cold stress while SmHsp20.3 was more sensitive to heat stress. Notably, transcription of SmHsp17.4, but not SmHsp20.3, in diapausing larvae was inducible by 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E). Recombinant SmHsp17.4 and SmHsp20.3 proteins also displayed significant chaperone functionality. These findings suggest that both SmHsps play key roles in stress tolerance during diapause; and 20E-regulated SmHsp17.4 was also likely involved in diapause termination.
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Zhang X, Li Y, Shang Y, Ren L, Chen W, Wang S, Guo Y. Development of Sarcophaga dux (diptera: Sarcophagidae) at constant temperatures and differential gene expression for age estimation of the pupae. J Therm Biol 2020; 93:102735. [PMID: 33077146 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2020.102735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Sarcophaga dux (Diptera: Sarcophagidae) is a necrophagous flesh fly species with potential forensic value for estimating minimum postmortem interval (PMImin). The basic developmental data and precise age estimates of the pupae are significant for PMImin estimation in forensic investigations. In the present study, we investigated the development data of that species at seven constant temperatures varying from 16 °C to 34 °C, including body length changes of the larve, developmental duration and accumulated degree hours of the preadults. Several reference genes for relative quantification of the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were firstly selected and evaluated in the pupae of different ages under different temperatures. The DEGs of the insects during the pupal period at different constant temperatures (34, 25 and 16 °C) were further analyzed for more precise age estimation. The results showed that the developmental durations of the preadults at 16, 19, 22, 25, 28, 31 and 34 °C were 1478.6 ± 18.3 h, 726.1 ± 15.8 h, 538.5 ± 0.9 h, 394.1 ± 9.5 h, 375.6 ± 10.8 h, 284.1 ± 7.3 h, and 252.5 ± 6.1 h, respectively. The developmental threshold temperature the flies was 12.27 ± 0.35 °C, and the thermal summation constant was 5341.71 ± 249.29° hours. The most reliable reference genes during the pupal period at different temperatures were found: GST1 and 18S rRNA for the 34 °C group, GST1 and RPL49 for 25 °C, and 18S rRNA and 28S rRNA for 16 °C. The four differential expression genes (Hsp60, A-alpha, ARP, and RPL8) have the potential to be used for more precise age estimation of pupal S. dux. This work provides important basic developmental data and a more precise age estimation method for pupal S. dux, and improves the value of this species for PMImin estimation in forensic investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyan Zhang
- Department of Forensic Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Forensic Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Yanjie Shang
- Department of Forensic Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Lipin Ren
- Department of Forensic Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Forensic Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Shiwen Wang
- Department of Forensic Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Yadong Guo
- Department of Forensic Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China.
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Shang Y, Ren L, Yang L, Wang S, Chen W, Dong J, Ma H, Qi X, Guo Y. Differential Gene Expression for Age Estimation of Forensically Important Sarcophaga peregrina (Diptera: Sarcophagidae) Intrapuparial. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2020; 57:65-77. [PMID: 31504655 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjz137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Sarcophaga peregrina is an important flesh fly species for estimating the minimum postmortem interval (PMImin) in forensic entomology. The accurate determination of the developmental age is a crucial task for using necrophagous sarcophagids to estimate PMImin. During larval development, the age determination is straight forward by the morphological changes and variation of length, weight, and width; however, the age estimation of sarcophagid intrapuparial is more difficult due to anatomical and morphological changes not being visible. The analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) during sarcophagid metamorphosis is a potential method for age estimation of intrapuparial. In the present study, real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was used to analyze the differential gene expression level of S. peregrina intrapuparial in different constant temperatures (35°C, 25°C, and 15°C). In addition, the appropriate reference genes of S. peregrina were selected in the intrapuparial and at different temperatures to obtain reliable and valid gene expression profiles. The results indicated that two candidate genes (18S rRNA and 28S rRNA) were the most reliable reference genes, and four DEGs (Hsp90, A-alpha, AFP, AFBP) have the potential to be used to more accuracy estimate the age of S. peregrina intrapuparial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjie Shang
- Department of Forensic Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Lipin Ren
- Department of Forensic Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Li Yang
- Department of Forensic Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shiwen Wang
- Department of Forensic Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Department of Forensic Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinjiang Medical University, Ürümqi, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Forensic Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jianan Dong
- XiangYa school of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Hongming Ma
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Xiangya Medical School, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xuan Qi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Xiangya Medical School, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yadong Guo
- Department of Forensic Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Wang J, Fan H, Wang P, Liu YH. Expression Analysis Reveals the Association of Several Genes with Pupal Diapause in Bactrocera minax (Diptera: Tephritidae). INSECTS 2019; 10:insects10060169. [PMID: 31200584 PMCID: PMC6628110 DOI: 10.3390/insects10060169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The Chinese citrus fly, Bactrocera minax, is a devastating pest of citrus, which enters the obligatory diapause in overwintering pupae to resist harsh environmental conditions. However, little is known about the molecular mechanisms underlying pupal diapause. The previous transcriptomic analysis revealed that a large number of genes were regulated throughout the pupal stage. Of these genes, 12 and six ones that are remarkably up- and downregulated, respectively, specifically in intense diapause were manually screened out in present study. To validate the expression of these genes throughout the pupal stage, the quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was conducted, and the genes displaying different expression patterns with those of previous study were excluded. Then, the expressions of remaining genes were compared between diapause-destined and non-diapause-destined pupae to reveal their association with diapause using qRT-PCR and semiquantitative PCR. Finally, five genes, TTLL3B, Cyp6a9, MSTA, Fru, and UC2, and two genes, KSPI and LYZ1, were demonstrated to be positively and negatively associated with diapause, respectively. These findings provide a solid foundation for the further investigation of molecular mechanisms underlying B. minax pupal diapause.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China.
| | - Huan Fan
- College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China.
| | - Pan Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China.
| | - Ying-Hong Liu
- College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China.
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A bibliometric analysis of forensic entomology trends and perspectives worldwide over the last two decades (1998–2017). Forensic Sci Int 2019; 295:72-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2018.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Quan G, Duan J, Fick W, Kyei-Poku G, Candau JN. Expression profiles of 14 small heat shock protein (sHSP) transcripts during larval diapause and under thermal stress in the spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (L.). Cell Stress Chaperones 2018; 23:1247-1256. [PMID: 30120691 PMCID: PMC6237677 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-018-0931-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Diapause is an important strategy for certain insect species to survive unfavorable environmental conditions, including low temperatures experienced when they overwinter in cold climate. Many studies have indicated that the increased expression of heat shock proteins during diapause improves the thermal tolerance of insects. However, the relationship between small heat shock proteins (sHSPs) and diapause is not clear or well-researched. In this study, we investigated the transcript levels of 14 sHSP genes in the spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana, a major pest of spruce and fir in Canada, during pre-diapause, diapause, and post-diapause under normal rearing conditions and in response to a heat shock treatment. We found that sHSP expression profiles could be classified into five patterns under normal laboratory conditions: pattern I was upregulated only during pre-diapause, pattern II was upregulated only during diapause, pattern III was constantly expressed throughout diapause, pattern IV was upregulated in both pre-diapause and diapause, and pattern V was upregulated only during post-diapause. After heat shock, five different expression patterns were observed: pattern I responded weakly or not at all throughout diapause, pattern II responded weakly during the diapause stage but strongly at the onset of diapause and in the post-diapause period, pattern III was upregulated only during post-diapause, pattern IV was strongest during diapause, and pattern V was strongest only in early diapause. These complex expression profiles lead us to suggest that most of the sHSP genes are involved in the diapause process and that they may have multiple and important roles in different phases of this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoxing Quan
- Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Great Lakes Forestry Centre, Sault Ste. Marie, ON, P6A 2E5, Canada.
| | - Jun Duan
- Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Great Lakes Forestry Centre, Sault Ste. Marie, ON, P6A 2E5, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - William Fick
- Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Great Lakes Forestry Centre, Sault Ste. Marie, ON, P6A 2E5, Canada
| | - George Kyei-Poku
- Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Great Lakes Forestry Centre, Sault Ste. Marie, ON, P6A 2E5, Canada
| | - Jean-Noël Candau
- Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Great Lakes Forestry Centre, Sault Ste. Marie, ON, P6A 2E5, Canada
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Wang Y, Yang JB, Wang JF, Li LL, Wang M, Yang LJ, Tao LY, Chu J, Hou YD. Development of the Forensically Important Beetle Creophilus maxillosus (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) at Constant Temperatures. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2017; 54:281-289. [PMID: 28011726 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjw193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Creophilus maxillosus (L., 1758) is a common and widely distributed beetle species found on corpses, and its development duration is far longer than species belonging to the genus Calliphoridae and Sarcophagidae. Therefore, C. maxillosus can be used as a supplementary indicator to estimate minimum postmortem interval (PMImin), and could greatly extend the range of PMImin when the primary colonizers are no longer associated with the corpse or have emerged from pupae. Better descriptions of C. maxillosus development are needed to apply this species for forensic investigations. In this study, the development of C. maxillosus at seven constant temperatures ranging from 17.5-32.5 °C was studied. Through regression analyses, the simulation equations of larval body length variation with time after hatching were obtained. Isomegalen diagrams of the changes of larval body length over time at specific temperatures, and the isomorphen diagrams on the duration of different developmental milestones at specific temperatures were generated. In addition, thermal summation models of different developmental stages and the overall development process of C. maxillosus were generated through regression analysis, by estimating the development threshold temperatures (D0) and the thermal summation constants (K). These results provide important tools for forensic investigations to generate a long-range of PMImin estimation based on the development of C. maxillosus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Wang
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Soochow University, Ganjiang East Rd., Suzhou 215000, China (; ; ; ; )
| | - J B Yang
- Hebei Provincial Public Security Department, Bureau of Criminal Investigation, Zhongshan West Rd., Shijiazhuang 050000, China
| | - J F Wang
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Soochow University, Ganjiang East Rd., Suzhou 215000, China (; ; ; ; )
| | - L L Li
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Soochow University, Ganjiang East Rd., Suzhou 215000, China (; ; ; ; )
| | - M Wang
- Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Wushan Rd., Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - L J Yang
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Soochow University, Ganjiang East Rd., Suzhou 215000, China (; ; ; ; )
| | - L Y Tao
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Soochow University, Ganjiang East Rd., Suzhou 215000, China (; ; ; ; )
| | - J Chu
- Criminal Police Branch, Suzhou Public Security Bureau, Renmin Rd., Suzhou 215000, China (; )
| | - Y D Hou
- Criminal Police Branch, Suzhou Public Security Bureau, Renmin Rd., Suzhou 215000, China (; )
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Mądra A, Frątczak K, Grzywacz A, Matuszewski S. Long-term study of pig carrion entomofauna. Forensic Sci Int 2015; 252:1-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2015.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2014] [Revised: 03/16/2015] [Accepted: 04/10/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Abstract
Insect heat shock proteins include ATP-independent small heat shock proteins and the larger ATP-dependent proteins, Hsp70, Hsp90, and Hsp60. In concert with cochaperones and accessory proteins, heat shock proteins mediate essential activities such as protein folding, localization, and degradation. Heat shock proteins are synthesized constitutively in insects and induced by stressors such as heat, cold, crowding, and anoxia. Synthesis depends on the physiological state of the insect, but the common function of heat shock proteins, often working in networks, is to maintain cell homeostasis through interaction with substrate proteins. Stress-induced expression of heat shock protein genes occurs in a background of protein synthesis inhibition, but in the course of diapause, a state of dormancy and increased stress tolerance, these genes undergo differential regulation without the general disruption of protein production. During diapause, when ATP concentrations are low, heat shock proteins may sequester rather than fold proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison M King
- Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada; ,
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14
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Matuszewski S, Mądra A. Factors affecting quality of temperature models for the pre-appearance interval of forensically useful insects. Forensic Sci Int 2014; 247:28-35. [PMID: 25541074 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2014.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2014] [Revised: 10/19/2014] [Accepted: 11/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In the case of many forensically important insects an interval preceding appearance of an insect stage on a corpse (called the pre-appearance interval or PAI) is strongly temperature-dependent. Accordingly, it was proposed to estimate PAI from temperature by using temperature models for PAI of particular insect species and temperature data specific for a given case. The quality of temperature models for PAI depends on the protocols for PAI field studies. In this article we analyze effects of sampling frequency and techniques, temperature data, as well as the size of a sample on the quality of PAI models. Models were created by using data from a largely replicated PAI field study, and their performance in estimation was tested with external body of PAI data. It was found that low frequency of insect sampling distinctly deteriorated temperature models for PAI. The effect of sampling techniques was clearly smaller. Temperature data from local weather station gave models of poor quality, however their retrospective correction clearly improved the models. Most importantly, current results demonstrate that sample size in PAI field studies may be substantially reduced, with no model deterioration. Samples consisting of 11-14 carcasses gave models of high quality, as long as the whole range of relevant temperatures was studied. Moreover, it was found that carcasses exposed in forests and carcasses exposed in early spring are particularly important, as they ensure that PAI data is collected at low temperatures. A preliminary best practice model for PAI field studies is given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Szymon Matuszewski
- Laboratory of Criminalistics, Adam Mickiewicz University, Św. Marcin 90, 61-809 Poznań, Poland.
| | - Anna Mądra
- Laboratory of Criminalistics, Adam Mickiewicz University, Św. Marcin 90, 61-809 Poznań, Poland; Natural History Collections, Adam Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 89, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
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