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Malschitzky C, Vidigal MTC, Moreira DD, Silva RF, de Andrade Vieira W, Paranhos LR, Franco A. How reliable is stature estimation by dental means? Systematic review and meta-analysis. Forensic Sci Int 2024; 361:112149. [PMID: 39047515 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2024.112149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Dental measurements have been proposed as parameters for stature estimation for at least 85 years. The scientific literature on the topic, however, is controversial regarding the performance of the method. This systematic literature review of observational cross-sectional studies aimed to compile evidence to support decisions in the forensic practice regarding the use of dental measurements for stature estimation. Embase, LILACS, MedLine (via PubMed), SciELO, Scopus, Web of Science, DansEasy and Open Access Thesis and Dissertations (OATD) were searched. Data regarding the rate of correct stature classifications were extracted. A meta-analysis with a Random Intercept Logistic Regression model and a Logit Transformation was conducted. The search led to 10.803 entries, out of which 15 were considered eligible (n = 1486 individuals). The studies were published between 1990 and 2020 and were authored by South American (n = 7) and Asian (n = 8) research teams. Dental measurements were predominantly (93.34 %) performed on dental casts or via intraoral inspection. The overall rate of correct classifications based on stature was 68 %. Excluding outliers, the overall accuracy of the method decreased to 64 % (95 %CI: 54-73 %). Significant heterogeneity was detected (I² = 72.4 %, τ2 = 0.24, H = 1.91, p < 0.001). Egger's test (p = 0.94) and the funnel plot did not reveal publication bias. Dental measurements are not reliable for stature estimation in the forensic field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria Tereza Campos Vidigal
- Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Rhonan Ferreira Silva
- Department of Forensic Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil; Department of Forensic Dentistry and Anthropology, Scientific Police of Goiás, Goiânica, Brazil
| | - Walbert de Andrade Vieira
- Department of Dentistry, Universidade das Faculdades Associadas de Ensino - FAE, São João da Boa Vista, SP, Brazil
| | - Luiz Renato Paranhos
- Division of Social and Community Dentistry, Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Ademir Franco
- Division of Forensic Dentistry, Faculdade São Leopoldo Mandic, Campinas, Brazil; Department of Therapeutic Dentistry, Institute of Dentistry, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia.
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Raj K KV, Gokul G, Yadav A, Gupta SK, Tyagi S, Srinivasamurthy A. Stature estimation from the scapula measurements using 3D-volume rendering technique by regression equations in the Northern Indian population. MEDICINE, SCIENCE, AND THE LAW 2024; 64:182-189. [PMID: 37559397 DOI: 10.1177/00258024231193585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
The present study assessed the correlation between the stature and scapular measurements from both sides in order to develop population-specific regression equations to estimate the stature from measurements of the scapula in a contemporary Northern Indian population individually for the left and right sides. A total of 597 cadavers underwent postmortem multidetector computed tomography and subsequent medicolegal autopsy in our department between August 2021 and August 2022. Two hundred samples (100 males and 100 females) were randomly collected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Six linear anthropometric measurements of the scapula from either side were measured using the 3D volume-rendered technique by an electronic cursor. Each anthropometric measurement showed a significant difference between males and females (p < 0.05). Regression analysis was applied to match the taken measurements against stature. The accuracy to predict stature ranged from 3.99 to 4.94 cm for males and from 4.49 to 5.27 cm for females, respectively. Left-sided measurements were better predictors of stature than the right side in both genders. The results of this study indicate that scapular measurements could be useful to estimate the stature of Northern Indian individuals, particularly in scenarios of disaster victim identification lacking long bones, which are considered to be better predictors to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karthi Vignesh Raj K
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
| | - G Gokul
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
| | - Abhishek Yadav
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
| | - Sudhir K Gupta
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
| | - Swati Tyagi
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
| | - Abilash Srinivasamurthy
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
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3
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Bidmos MA, Loubser N, Brits D. Regression equations for stature reconstruction from the lower limb bones of contemporary White South Africans. AUST J FORENSIC SCI 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/00450618.2023.2187084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Natasha Loubser
- School of Anatomical Sciences, Human Variation and Identification Research Unit (HVIRU), Parktown, South Africa
| | - Desiré Brits
- School of Anatomical Sciences, Human Variation and Identification Research Unit (HVIRU), Parktown, South Africa
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4
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Stature estimation by semi-automatic measurements of 3D CT images of the femur. Int J Legal Med 2023; 137:359-377. [PMID: 36474127 PMCID: PMC9902306 DOI: 10.1007/s00414-022-02921-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Stature estimation is one of the most basic and important methods of personal identification. The long bones of the limbs provide the most accurate stature estimation, with the femur being one of the most useful. In all the previously reported methods of stature estimation using computed tomography (CT) images of the femur, laborious manual measurement was necessary. A semi-automatic bone measuring method can simplify this process, so we firstly reported a stature estimation process using semi-automatic bone measurement software equipped with artificial intelligence. Multiple measurements of femurs of adult Japanese cadavers were performed using automatic three-dimensional reconstructed CT images of femurs. After manually setting four points on the femur, an automatic measurement was acquired. The relationships between stature and five femoral measurements, with acceptable intraobserver and interobserver errors, were analyzed with single regression analysis using the standard error of the estimate (SEE) and the coefficient of determination (R2). The maximum length of the femur (MLF) provided the lowest SEE and the highest R2; the SEE and R2 in all cadavers, males and females, respectively, were 3.913 cm (R2 = 0.842), 3.664 cm (R2 = 0.705), and 3.456 cm (R2 = 0.686) for MLF on the right femur, and 3.837 cm (R2 = 0.848), 3.667 cm (R2 = 0.705), and 3.384 cm (R2 = 0.699) for MLF on the left femur. These results were non-inferior to those of previous reports regarding stature estimation using the MLF. Stature estimation with this simple and time-saving method would be useful in forensic medical practice.
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Tetteh J, Appiah AK, Abaidoo CS, Adjei-Antwi C. The forensic use of percutaneous femur length in height and sex estimation among Ghanaians. FORENSIC SCIENCE INTERNATIONAL: REPORTS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fsir.2021.100234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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6
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Liu Y, Antonijević D, Li R, Fan Y, Dukić K, Mićić M, Yu G, Li Z, Djurić M, Fan Y. Study of Sexual Dimorphism in Metatarsal Bones: Geometric and Inertial Analysis of the Three-Dimensional Reconstructed Models. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:734362. [PMID: 34721293 PMCID: PMC8551807 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.734362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present paper is to determine the sex of the individual using three-dimensional geometric and inertial analyses of metatarsal bones. Metatarsals of 60 adult Chinese subjects of both sexes were scanned using Aquilion One 320 Slice CT Scanner. The three-dimensional models of the metatarsals were reconstructed, and thereafter, a novel software using the center of mass set as the origin and the three principal axes of inertia was employed for model alignment. Eight geometric and inertial variables were assessed: the bone length, bone width, bone height, surface-area-to-volume ratio, bone density, and principal moments of inertia around the x, y, and z axes. Furthermore, the discriminant functions were established using stepwise discriminant function analysis. A cross-validation procedure was performed to evaluate the discriminant accuracy of functions. The results indicated that inertial variables exhibit significant sexual dimorphism, especially principal moments of inertia around the z axis. The highest dimorphic values were found in the surface-area-to-volume ratio, principal moments of inertia around the z axis, and bone height. The accuracy rate of the discriminant functions for sex determination ranged from 88.3% to 98.3% (88.3%-98.3% cross-validated). The highest accuracy of function was established based on the third metatarsal bone. This study showed for the first time that the principal moment of inertia of the human bone may be successfully implemented for sex estimation. In conclusion, the sex of the individual can be accurately estimated using a combination of geometric and inertial variables of the metatarsal bones. The accuracy should be further confirmed in a larger sample size and be tested or independently developed for distinct population/age groups before the functions are widely applied in unidentified skeletons in forensic and bioarcheological contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaming Liu
- Foot Research Laboratory, School of Physical Education and Sport Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Djorde Antonijević
- Foot Research Laboratory, School of Physical Education and Sport Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
- Laboratory for Anthropology, Institute for Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
- Laboratory for Atomic Physics, Institute for Nuclear Science “Vinca”, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
- School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ruining Li
- Foot Research Laboratory, School of Physical Education and Sport Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yuxuan Fan
- Foot Research Laboratory, School of Physical Education and Sport Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ksenija Dukić
- Laboratory for Anthropology, Institute for Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milutin Mićić
- Laboratory for Anthropology, Institute for Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Genyu Yu
- Foot Research Laboratory, School of Physical Education and Sport Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhiyu Li
- College of Foreign Studies, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Marija Djurić
- Laboratory for Anthropology, Institute for Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Yifang Fan
- Foot Research Laboratory, School of Physical Education and Sport Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
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7
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Sternum as an indicator for sex and age estimation using multidetector computed tomography in an Egyptian population. FORENSIC IMAGING 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fri.2021.200457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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8
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Elijah SO, Peter AI, Ekanem AU, Edagha IA. Scapular length estimation from anatomical landmarks: an osteometry and radiographic evaluation using regression equations. Anat Cell Biol 2021; 54:51-58. [PMID: 33558448 PMCID: PMC8017457 DOI: 10.5115/acb.20.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Estimation of body length has been achieved from the measurements of the scapular with relative accuracy by researches in recent times. This research hypothesized that the landmarks on the scapular and on the x-ray radiographs could be used to predict scapular length and elucidated the landmarks that best estimate the scapular length. A total of 600 scapulae and 600 anterior-posterior x-ray radiographs were used for the study. Positive correlation was observed between the measured variables and the scapular length with the males showing significantly higher mean length compared to females. The length of axillary boarder of the scapula was the best predictor of the scapular length. No significant difference (P>0.05) existed in the mean length derived from the scapular and the x-ray radiographs of scapular. We therefore conclude that measurements from the radiographs of scapular were as reliable in estimating scapular length as those from the scapular bones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunday Okon Elijah
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Uyo, Uyo, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria
| | - Aniekan Imo Peter
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Uyo, Uyo, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria
| | - Akpan Udo Ekanem
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Uyo, Uyo, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria
| | - Innocent Asuquo Edagha
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Uyo, Uyo, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria
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9
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Mamabolo B, Alblas A, Brits D. Modern imaging modalities in forensic anthropology and the potential of low-dose X-rays. FORENSIC IMAGING 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fri.2020.200406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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10
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Zhan MJ, Li CL, Fan F, Zhang K, Chen YJ, Deng ZH. Estimation of sex based on patella measurements in a contemporary Chinese population using multidetector computed tomography: An automatic measurement method. Leg Med (Tokyo) 2020; 47:101778. [PMID: 32829289 DOI: 10.1016/j.legalmed.2020.101778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Sex estimation is an important part of creating a biological profile, and ultimately assisting in creating a presumptive identification of unidentified skeletal remains. However, manual methods of anthropometric are time-consuming and prone to observer variability. The present study is an attempt to estimation of sex from automatic measurement of patella by multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) in a contemporary Chinese population. Four measurements for every patella, including maximum height (MAXH), maximum breadth (MAXB), maximum thickness (MAXT) and patellar volume (PV), were automatically provided by the software from CT image of 300 Chinese. The sample is composed of 156 males and 144 females with an average age of 41.44 and 45.68 years, respectively. The statistical analyses showed that all variables were sexually dimorphic. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was performed to estimate sex from patella. The univariate analysis of each patellar parameter yielded a sex classification accuracy rate of 73.1% to 85.7%. The classification accuracy rates of sex estimation using the combination of the patellar parameters are 81.9% to 91.6%. This paper provides indications that the patella is important bone for sex estimation and it may be used as an alternative in forensic cases when the skull and pelvis are unavailable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Jun Zhan
- Department of Forensic Pathology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Institute of Forensic Science, Ministry of Justice, Shanghai 200063, PR China
| | - Chun-Lin Li
- Department of Forensic Pathology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
| | - Fei Fan
- Department of Forensic Pathology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
| | - Kui Zhang
- Department of Forensic Pathology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
| | - Yi-Jiu Chen
- Department of Forensic Pathology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Institute of Forensic Science, Ministry of Justice, Shanghai 200063, PR China
| | - Zhen-Hua Deng
- Department of Forensic Pathology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China.
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11
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Piecewise regression equations for estimating stature: an anthropometric study in Spanish females. Int J Legal Med 2020; 134:2289-2296. [DOI: 10.1007/s00414-020-02350-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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12
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Bozdag M, Er A, Kranioti E, Basa CD, Oztop B, Kacmaz E, Moghaddam N, Ekizoglu O, Grabherr S. Sex estimation in a modern Turkish population using the clavicle: a computed tomography study. AUST J FORENSIC SCI 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/00450618.2020.1781255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Bozdag
- Department of Radiology, Tepecik Training and Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ali Er
- Department of Radiology, Tepecik Training and Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey
| | - E. Kranioti
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Forensic Sciences, University of Crete, Crete, Greece
| | - Can Doruk Basa
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Tepecik Training and Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Burak Oztop
- Ministry of Health, Izmir Provincial Health Directorate
| | - Eralp Kacmaz
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Tepecik Training and Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Negahnaz Moghaddam
- Unit of Forensic Imaging and Anthropology, University Center of Legal Medicine Lausanne-Geneva, Switzerland
- Swiss Human Institute of Forensic Taphonomy, University Center of Legal Medicine Lausanne-Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Oguzhan Ekizoglu
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Tepecik Training and Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey
- University Center of Legal Medicine, Lausanne-Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Silke Grabherr
- University Center of Legal Medicine, Lausanne-Geneva, Switzerland
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13
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Bidmos MA, Adebesin AA, Mazengenya P, Olateju OI, Adegboye O. Estimation of sex from metatarsals using discriminant function and logistic regression analyses. AUST J FORENSIC SCI 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/00450618.2019.1711180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. A. Bidmos
- College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - A. A. Adebesin
- Department of Human Anatomy, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Ga-Rankuwa, South Africa
| | - P. Mazengenya
- School of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- College of Medicine, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - O. I. Olateju
- School of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - O. Adegboye
- Department for Management of Science and Technology Development, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Faculty of Mathematics and Statistics, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
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14
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Zhang Q, Paz AR, Banner J, Jørkov MLS, Villa C. Stature Estimation from Postmortem CT Femoral Maximum Length in Contemporary Danish Population. J Forensic Sci 2019; 65:930-938. [DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.14254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 11/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qun Zhang
- School of Humanities Nanyang Technological University 48 Nanyang Avenue Singapore 639818 Singapore
| | - Adrià Rodríguez Paz
- Section of Forensic Pathology Department of Forensic Medicine University of Copenhagen Frederik V's Vej 11 Copenhagen 2100 Denmark
| | - Jytte Banner
- Section of Forensic Pathology Department of Forensic Medicine University of Copenhagen Frederik V's Vej 11 Copenhagen 2100 Denmark
| | - Marie Louise Schjellerup Jørkov
- Section of Forensic Pathology Department of Forensic Medicine University of Copenhagen Frederik V's Vej 11 Copenhagen 2100 Denmark
| | - Chiara Villa
- Section of Forensic Pathology Department of Forensic Medicine University of Copenhagen Frederik V's Vej 11 Copenhagen 2100 Denmark
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15
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Zhan MJ, Cui JH, Zhang K, Chen YJ, Deng ZH. Estimation of stature and sex from skull measurements by multidetector computed tomography in Chinese. Leg Med (Tokyo) 2019; 41:101625. [DOI: 10.1016/j.legalmed.2019.101625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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16
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Saco-Ledo G, Porta J, Duyar I, Mateos A. Stature estimation based on tibial length in different stature groups of Spanish males. Forensic Sci Int 2019; 304:109973. [DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2019.109973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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17
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Zhang K, Zhan MJ, Cui JH, Luo YZ, Qiu LR, Deng LP, Li ZL, Chen XG, Deng ZH. Estimation of stature from radiographically determined lower limb bone length in modern Chinese. J Forensic Leg Med 2019; 79:101779. [PMID: 33896594 DOI: 10.1016/j.jflm.2019.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2018] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
To develop population - specific stature prediction equations from measurements of the lower limb bone in a contemporary Chinese. 303 individuals of Han group in Western China, including 201 females and 102 males were collected. The study sample was randomly divided into two subgroups. A calibration sample, which consisted of 171 females and 87 males, was used to develop the regression formula. A validation sample comprising the remaining 30 female and 15 male individuals was then used to test the predictive accuracy of the established formula. The regression equations were developed from intact bones and fragments of the femur, tibia and fibula, the maximum lengths of femur, tibia, and fibula were highly correlated with the stature. The maximum length of femur provide the most accurate result with the prediction accuracy of 3.84 cm for unknown sex, 4.00 cm in the male group, 3.45 cm in the female group, 3.61 cm in the group with age no more than 45, 3.45 cm in the group with age above 45. Moreover, the multiple regression equations were developed, and they portray a more accurate stature in instances in which the femur, tibia and fibula are available. This paper provides indications that the femur, tibia and fibula are important bones for stature estimation and they could be effectively used in forensic cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kui Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Institute of Forensic Science, Ministry of Justice, PR China; Department of Forensic Pathology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, PR China
| | - Meng-Jun Zhan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Institute of Forensic Science, Ministry of Justice, PR China; Department of Forensic Pathology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, PR China
| | - Jing-Hui Cui
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Institute of Forensic Science, Ministry of Justice, PR China; Department of Forensic Pathology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, PR China
| | - Ying-Zhen Luo
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Institute of Forensic Science, Ministry of Justice, PR China; Department of Forensic Pathology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, PR China
| | - Li-Rong Qiu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Institute of Forensic Science, Ministry of Justice, PR China; Department of Forensic Pathology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, PR China
| | - Li-Ping Deng
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, PR China
| | - Zhen-Lin Li
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, PR China
| | - Xiao-Gang Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Institute of Forensic Science, Ministry of Justice, PR China; Department of Forensic Pathology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, PR China.
| | - Zhen-Hua Deng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Institute of Forensic Science, Ministry of Justice, PR China; Department of Forensic Pathology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, PR China.
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18
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Ismail NA, Abdullah N, Mohamad Noor MH, Lai PS, Shafie MS, Nor FM. Accuracy and reliability of virtual femur measurement from CT scan. J Forensic Leg Med 2019; 63:11-17. [PMID: 30825771 DOI: 10.1016/j.jflm.2019.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 02/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the application of scientific human skeletal variation in medico-legal matters, virtual anthropology is the current technique performed to examine skeleton and its body parts. Hence, this study was conducted to assess the accuracy and reliability of virtual femur measurement through intra and inter-observer error analysis, and comparison was made between the virtual and conventional methods. METHODS A total of 15 femora were examined with four parameters i.e. maximum length of femur (FeMl), diameter of femoral head (FeHd), transverse diameter of midshaft (FeMd) and condylar breadth (FeCb). Osteometric board and vernier calipers were employed for the conventional method, while CT reconstructed images and Osirix MD software was utilised for the virtual method. RESULTS Results exhibited that there were no significant differences in the measurements by conventional and virtual methods. There were also no significant differences in the measurements by the intra or inter-observer error analyses. The intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) were more than 0.95 by both intra and inter-observer error analyses. Technical error of measurement had displayed values within the acceptable ranges (rTEM <0.08 for intra-observer, <2.25 for inter-observer), and coefficient of reliability (R) indicated small measurement errors (R > 0.95 for intra-observer, R > 0.92 for inter-observer). By parameters, FeMl showed the highest R value (0.99) with the least error in different methods and observers (rTEM = 0.02-0.41%). Bland and Altman plots revealed points scattered close to zero indicating perfect agreement by both virtual and conventional methods. The mean differences for FeMl, FeHd, FeMd and FeCb measurements were 0.01 cm, -0.01 cm, 0.02 cm and 0.01 cm, respectively. CONCLUSION This brought to suggest that bone measurement by virtual method was highly accurate and reliable as in the conventional method. It is recommended for implementation in the future anthropological studies especially in countries with limited skeletal collection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Normaizatul Afizah Ismail
- Kulliyyah of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Islam Antarabangsa Sultan Abdul Halim Mu'adzam Shah, 09300, Kedah, Malaysia; Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, 56000, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nurliza Abdullah
- National Institute of Forensic Medicine, Hospital Kuala Lumpur, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Jalan Pahang, 50586, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mohamad Helmee Mohamad Noor
- Radiology Department, Hospital Kuala Lumpur, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Jalan Pahang, 50586, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Poh Soon Lai
- National Institute of Forensic Medicine, Hospital Kuala Lumpur, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Jalan Pahang, 50586, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mohamed Swarhib Shafie
- Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, 56000, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Faridah Mohd Nor
- Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, 56000, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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Ismail NA, Abd Khupur NH, Osman K, Mansar AH, Shafie MS, Mohd Nor F. Stature estimation in Malaysian population from radiographic measurements of upper limbs. EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF FORENSIC SCIENCES 2018. [DOI: 10.1186/s41935-018-0055-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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20
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Sex estimation based on femoral measurements using multidetector computed tomography in cadavers in modern Japan. Forensic Sci Int 2018; 292:262.e1-262.e6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2018.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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21
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Zhan MJ, Fan F, Qiu LR, Peng Z, Zhang K, Deng ZH. Estimation of stature and sex from sacrum and coccyx measurements by multidetector computed tomography in Chinese. Leg Med (Tokyo) 2018; 34:21-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.legalmed.2018.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Revised: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Gualdi-Russo E, Bramanti B, Rinaldo N. Stature estimation from tibia percutaneous length: New equations derived from a Mediterranean population. Sci Justice 2018; 58:441-446. [PMID: 30446073 DOI: 10.1016/j.scijus.2018.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Revised: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/05/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Stature is a fundamental anthropometric character to trace the biological profile of a person. In some cases, when dismembered or mutilated bodies are discovered in a forensic context, it is essential to estimate stature from single districts of the body. Nevertheless, to date and worldwide, there are only few population-specific studies on stature estimation from leg length and none of them concerns modern populations in southern Europe. We attempted to fill this gap, focusing on the estimation of stature from the length of the tibia in a Mediterranean population (Italians). We carried out the current study on a sample of 374 Italian university students of both sexes (age range: 19.9-34.4). Both, actual stature and percutaneous length of tibia were measured and new equations were developed for stature estimation. We tested separate regression equations for each sex, as well as an equation for remains, whose sex is unknown. To assess their reliability, the equations were tested on a holdout sample of 30 individuals from the same population. Moreover, results of new specific linear regression equations were compared to others from the literature. We demonstrated that the newly proposed formulae (for males and combined sexes) and the ones by Olivier (for females) provided the most reliable estimations of stature for southern Europeans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuela Gualdi-Russo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Surgical Specialties, University of Ferrara, Corso Ercole I D'Este 32, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Barbara Bramanti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Surgical Specialties, University of Ferrara, Corso Ercole I D'Este 32, 44121 Ferrara, Italy.
| | - Natascia Rinaldo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Surgical Specialties, University of Ferrara, Corso Ercole I D'Este 32, 44121 Ferrara, Italy.
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Ikeda T, Miyamoto K, Tani N, Oritani S, Michiue T, Morioka F, Ishikawa T. Forensic evaluation of sex estimation via measurements of adult index and ring finger lengths using postmortem computed tomography. EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF FORENSIC SCIENCES 2018. [DOI: 10.1186/s41935-018-0075-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Stature estimation based on femoral measurements in the modern Japanese population: a cadaveric study using multidetector computed tomography. Int J Legal Med 2018; 132:1485-1491. [DOI: 10.1007/s00414-018-1834-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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25
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Uldin T. Virtual anthropology - a brief review of the literature and history of computed tomography. Forensic Sci Res 2017; 2:165-173. [PMID: 30483637 PMCID: PMC6197098 DOI: 10.1080/20961790.2017.1369621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Computed tomography (CT) has influenced numerous fields since its inception in the 1970s. The field of palaeoanthropology significantly benefited from this efficient and non-invasive medium in terms of the conservation, reconstruction and analysis of fossil human remains. Over the past decade, there has been a steady increase in the number of forensic anthropological studies incorporating virtual osteological analyses. Because of the increasing importance of these modern cross-sectional imaging techniques and the requirement for standardized parameters in forensic science, we deemed it important to outline the history and development of CT applications in these related academic areas. The present paper outlines the history of “virtual anthropology” and osteological multi-detector CT in the context of palaeoanthropology and forensic anthropology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanya Uldin
- Department of Medicine and Community Health, University Center of Legal Medicine Lausanne-Geneva, University Hospital of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Estimation of stature from femur length measured using computed tomography after the analysis of three-dimensional characteristics of femur bone in Korean cadavers. Int J Legal Med 2017; 131:1355-1362. [DOI: 10.1007/s00414-017-1556-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Ekizoglu O, Er A, Bozdag M, Akcaoglu M, Can IO, García-Donas JG, Kranioti EF. Sex estimation of the tibia in modern Turkish: A computed tomography study. Leg Med (Tokyo) 2016; 23:89-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.legalmed.2016.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Revised: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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29
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Zhang K, Cui JH, Luo YZ, Fan F, Yang M, Li XH, Zhang W, Deng ZH. Estimation of stature and sex from scapular measurements by three-dimensional volume-rendering technique using in Chinese. Leg Med (Tokyo) 2016; 21:58-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.legalmed.2016.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Revised: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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30
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Body height estimation from post-mortem CT femoral F1 measurements in a contemporary Swiss population. Leg Med (Tokyo) 2016; 19:61-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.legalmed.2016.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2015] [Revised: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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31
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Inamori-Kawamoto O, Ishikawa T, Michiue T, Mustafa AMH, Sogawa N, Kanou T, Oritani S, Maeda H. Possible application of CT morphometry of the calcaneus and talus in forensic anthropological identification. Int J Legal Med 2015; 130:575-85. [PMID: 26362306 DOI: 10.1007/s00414-015-1258-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Computed tomography (CT) data provide information for volumetric and radiographic density analysis. The present study investigated the application of virtual CT volumetry of the tarsal bones to estimation of the sex, stature, and body weight using postmortem CT (PMCT) data of forensic autopsy cases. Three-dimensional (3D) images of the bilateral foot bones of intact Japanese subjects after adolescence (age ≥ 15 years, n = 179, 100 males and 79 females) were reconstructed on an automated CT image analyzer system. Measured parameters were mass volume, mean CT value (HU), and total CT value of the talus and calcaneus. Mean CT values of these bones showed age-dependent decreases in elderly subjects over 60 years of age for both sexes, with significant sex-related differences especially in the elderly. The mass volumes and total CT values of the talus and calcaneus showed significant sex-related differences, and also moderate correlations with body height and weight for bilateral bones in all cases (r = 0.58-0.78, p < 0.0001); however, the correlations of these parameters of the female talus with body weight were insufficient (r = 0.41-0.61, p < 0.0001). These observations indicate the applicability of virtual CT morphometry of the talus and calcaneus using an automated analyzer to estimate the sex and stature in forensic identification; however, greater variations should be considered in body weight estimations of females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osamu Inamori-Kawamoto
- Department of Legal Medicine, Osaka City University Medical School, Asahi-machi 1-4-3, Abeno, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan.,Forensic Autopsy Section, Medico-legal Consultation and Postmortem Investigation Support Center (MLCPI-SC), c/o Osaka City University Medical School, Asahi-machi 1-4-3, Abeno, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan
| | - Takaki Ishikawa
- Department of Legal Medicine, Osaka City University Medical School, Asahi-machi 1-4-3, Abeno, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan. .,Forensic Autopsy Section, Medico-legal Consultation and Postmortem Investigation Support Center (MLCPI-SC), c/o Osaka City University Medical School, Asahi-machi 1-4-3, Abeno, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan. .,Division of Legal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori, 683-8503, Japan.
| | - Tomomi Michiue
- Department of Legal Medicine, Osaka City University Medical School, Asahi-machi 1-4-3, Abeno, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan.,Forensic Autopsy Section, Medico-legal Consultation and Postmortem Investigation Support Center (MLCPI-SC), c/o Osaka City University Medical School, Asahi-machi 1-4-3, Abeno, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan
| | | | - Nozomi Sogawa
- Department of Legal Medicine, Osaka City University Medical School, Asahi-machi 1-4-3, Abeno, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan.,Forensic Autopsy Section, Medico-legal Consultation and Postmortem Investigation Support Center (MLCPI-SC), c/o Osaka City University Medical School, Asahi-machi 1-4-3, Abeno, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Kanou
- Department of Legal Medicine, Osaka City University Medical School, Asahi-machi 1-4-3, Abeno, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan
| | - Shigeki Oritani
- Department of Legal Medicine, Osaka City University Medical School, Asahi-machi 1-4-3, Abeno, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Maeda
- Department of Legal Medicine, Osaka City University Medical School, Asahi-machi 1-4-3, Abeno, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan.,Forensic Autopsy Section, Medico-legal Consultation and Postmortem Investigation Support Center (MLCPI-SC), c/o Osaka City University Medical School, Asahi-machi 1-4-3, Abeno, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan
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