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Hamanová Čechová M, Cvrček J, Dupej J, Brůžek J, Velemínská J. The influence of biological relatedness on sexual dimorphism and sex classification based on external morphology of the frontal bone. Int J Legal Med 2024; 138:1727-1740. [PMID: 38400922 DOI: 10.1007/s00414-024-03185-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
The most significant sexual differences in the human skull are located in the upper third of the face (the frontal bone), which is a useful research object, mainly in combination with virtual anthropology methods. However, the influence of biological relatedness on sexual dimorphism and frontal bone variability remains unknown. This study was directed at sexual difference description and sex classification using the form and shape of the external surface of the frontal bones from a genealogically documented Central European osteological sample (nineteenth to twentieth centuries). The study sample consisted of 47 cranial CT images of the adult members of several branches of one family group over 4 generations. Three-dimensional virtual models of the frontal bones were analyzed using geometric morphometrics and multidimensional statistics. Almost the entire external frontal surface was significantly different between males and females, especially in form. Significant differences were also found between this related sample and an unrelated one. Sex estimation of the biologically related individuals was performed using the classification models developed on a sample of unrelated individuals from the recent Czech population (Čechová et al. in Int J Legal Med 133: 1285 1294, 2019), with a result of 74.46% and 63.83% in form and shape, respectively. Failure of this classifier was caused by the existence of typical traits found in the biologically related sample different from the usual manifestation of sexual dimorphism. This can be explained as due to the increased degree of similarity and the reduction of variability in biologically related individuals. The results show the importance of testing previously published methods on genealogical data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markéta Hamanová Čechová
- Department of Anthropology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 7, 128 44, Prague 2, Czech Republic.
| | - Jan Cvrček
- Department of Anthropology, National Museum, Cirkusová 1710, Prague 20, Horní Počernice, Czech Republic
| | - Ján Dupej
- Department of Anthropology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 7, 128 44, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Brůžek
- Department of Anthropology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 7, 128 44, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Velemínská
- Department of Anthropology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 7, 128 44, Prague 2, Czech Republic
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Ribeiro EC, de Mendonça DS, de Barros Silva PG, Kurita LM, de Aguiar ASW, Tuji FM, Neves FS, Carvalho FSR, Costa FWG. Potential role of the sella turcica X-ray imaging aspects for sex estimation in the field of forensic anthropology: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Forensic Sci Res 2024; 9:owad046. [PMID: 38903907 PMCID: PMC11188687 DOI: 10.1093/fsr/owad046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Several studies have evaluated the parameters of normality of the sella turcica (ST), which is important to face different craniofacial syndromes that may affect this structure. Therefore, this research summarized the scientific evidence on the role of ST in the sex estimation of non-syndromic individuals. The research protocol was registered (Prospective International Registry of Systematic Reviews # CRD42021256469), followed by an electronic search in six databases (PubMed, LILACS, Web of Science, Scopus, EMBASE, and LIVIVO) and gray literature (Google Scholar and OpenGrey). Meta-analysis of linear (width, length, height, and diameter) and volumetric measurements, in addition to an assessment of risk of bias (RoB) and certainty of evidence, were performed. After the screening of 986 articles, 13 were evaluated by meta-analysis (1 307 males and 1 231 females). In subgroup analysis, females had lower values for width (lateral radiograph; -0.67 mm; P = 0.040), length (computed tomography; -0.23 mm; P = 0.020), and diameter (computed tomography; -0.27 mm; P < 0.001) compared to males. There was no statistically significant difference regarding height (P = 0.95), area (P = 0.72), and volume (P = 0.21). Most studies exhibited moderate RoB, and the certainty of evidence of the outcomes was very low. In this review, significant differences were observed between the sexes for the length and diameter of the ST; however, the heterogeneity of the studies must be considered. Key points Studies from different geographic regions evaluated the morphology of ST according to sex and showed this anatomical structure as an important indicator of dimorphism.Meta-analysis showed shorter ST length and diameter in women.Subgroup analysis found lower ST width in women based on lateral skull radiographs.Subgroup analysis found smaller lengths and diameters in women based on CT scans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther C Ribeiro
- School of Dentistry, Dental Clinic Department, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Diego S de Mendonça
- School of Dentistry, Dental Clinic Department, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Paulo G de Barros Silva
- School of Dentistry, Dental Clinic Department, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Lúcio M Kurita
- School of Dentistry, Dental Clinic Department, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Andréa S W de Aguiar
- School of Dentistry, Dental Clinic Department, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Fabrício M Tuji
- School of Dentistry, Department of Odontology, Federal University of Pará, Prof. José da Silveira Neto University City, Belém, Brazil
| | - Frederico S Neves
- School of Dentistry, Department of Propedeutics and Integrated Clinic, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Francisco S R Carvalho
- School of Dentistry, Departament of Odontology, Federal University of Ceará Campus Sobral, Sobral, Brazil
| | - Fábio W G Costa
- School of Dentistry, Dental Clinic Department, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
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Modlińska S, Czogalik Ł, Rojek M, Dudek P, Janik M, Mielcarska S, Kufel J. Digital Subtraction Angiography of Cerebral Arteries: Influence of Cranial Dimensions on X-ray Tube Performance. J Clin Med 2024; 13:3002. [PMID: 38792543 PMCID: PMC11122296 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13103002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
(1) Background. Digital subtraction angiography (DSA) is indispensable for diagnosing cerebral aneurysms due to its superior imaging precision. However, optimizing X-ray parameters is crucial for accurate diagnosis, with X-ray tube settings significantly influencing image quality. Understanding the relationship between skull dimensions and X-ray parameters is pivotal for tailoring imaging protocols to individual patients. (2) Methods. A retrospective analysis of DSA data from a single center was conducted, involving 251 patients. Cephalometric measurements and statistical analyses were performed to assess correlations between skull dimensions and X-ray tube parameters (voltage and current). (3) Results. The study revealed significant correlations between skull dimensions and X-ray tube parameters, highlighting the importance of considering individual anatomical variations. Gender-based differences in X-ray parameters were observed, emphasizing the need for personalized imaging protocols. (4) Conclusions. Personalized approaches to DSA imaging, integrating individual anatomical variations and gender-specific differences, are essential for optimizing diagnostic outcomes. While this study provides valuable insights, further research across multiple centers and diverse imaging equipment is warranted to validate these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Modlińska
- Department of Radiodiagnostics, Invasive Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland
| | - Łukasz Czogalik
- Students’ Scientific Association of Computer Analysis and Artificial Intelligence, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland
| | - Marcin Rojek
- Students’ Scientific Association of Computer Analysis and Artificial Intelligence, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland
| | - Piotr Dudek
- Students’ Scientific Association of Computer Analysis and Artificial Intelligence, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland
| | - Michał Janik
- Students’ Scientific Association of Computer Analysis and Artificial Intelligence, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland
| | - Sylwia Mielcarska
- Department of Medical and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland
| | - Jakub Kufel
- Department of Radiodiagnostics, Invasive Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland
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Walczak A, Krenz-Niedbała M, Łukasik S. Insight into age-related changes of the human facial skeleton based on medieval European osteological collection. Sci Rep 2023; 13:20564. [PMID: 37996537 PMCID: PMC10667279 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-47776-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging changes in the facial skeleton are concentrated mostly in orbits, maxilla and mandible. The aim of this study was to analyze metric traits of the adult viscerocranium in a medieval sample from Cedynia (Poland, Central Europe) and confront the results with literature data for modern populations. It was assumed that diet-related greater biomechanical forces generated during mastication in medieval versus modern times led to slower rate of bone resorption with age. 3D models of the facial skeleton are created for 230 individuals, categorized into young, middle and old adults, and a subgroup of edentulous middle adults is distinguished. Orbits, piriform aperture, maxilla and mandible are measured using Geomagic Studio 12 and analyzed among age categories as well as dentate and edentulous subgroups. The values of the orbital and piriform aperture measurements tend to increase with age and reached statistical significance in males (right orbit height, left orbit width, piriform aperture surface area). In females, maxillary height significantly decrease at right first premolar and first molar, together with height of the right mandibular ramus. In edentulous individuals of both sexes the orbits are wider, and maxillary and mandibular heights are lower than in dentate individuals. This study reveals similar character and direction of the aging process of the facial skeleton in medieval and modern adults, however slower rate of resorptive changes is found in the former sample, which suggests, that diet-related biomechanical forces can influence intensification of the aging processes in the facial skeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Walczak
- Institute of Human Biology and Evolution, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614, Poznan, Poland.
| | - Marta Krenz-Niedbała
- Institute of Human Biology and Evolution, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614, Poznan, Poland
| | - Sylwia Łukasik
- Institute of Human Biology and Evolution, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614, Poznan, Poland
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Harnádková K, Kočandrlová K, Kožejová Jaklová L, Dupej J, Velemínská J. The effect of sex and age on facial shape directional asymmetry in adults: A 3D landmarks-based method study. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0288702. [PMID: 37535545 PMCID: PMC10399867 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0288702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Facial directional asymmetry research, including age-related changes, is crucial for the evaluation of treatment of craniofacial malformations/trauma in orthodontics, facial surgery and forensic sciences. The aim was to describe facial directional asymmetry (DA) in different age categories of adults using 3D methods. According to our hypothesis, facial shape DA (1) depends on sex; (2) differs among age groups; and (3) has wider variability in older age. MATERIAL AND METHODS A cross-sectional sample of healthy Czech adults without craniofacial trauma or anomalies consisted of 300 3D facial models (151 females). The age-range in the study was between 20-80 years. The shape asymmetry of 28 3D landmarks was evaluated using geometric morphometrics and multivariate statistics. RESULTS The manifestation of DA was similar in both sexes and in each age category; however, there were some statistical differences. In contrast to the ideal symmetrical face, the mean asymmetrical faces tended to create a slightly bent "C" shape of the midline. Therefore, the upper face was rotated slightly clockwise and the lower face counter-clockwise. The right eye was located slightly higher, with the nasal tip and mandibular region tilting to the left. Sex differences in facial DA were significant before the age of 40. DA was more significant in the youngest males than in the oldest, while the women's DA did not change. CONCLUSIONS The DA patterns were similar in both sexes and in all age categories (a slightly bent C shape of the midline); however, some significant local differences between male age groups were found. A significantly more pronounced asymmetry compared to other age groups was found only in the youngest males from 20 to 40 years. Moreover, significant sexual dimorphism of DA rapidly decreased after middle age, likely caused by the same age-related changes of the face during aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarína Harnádková
- Laboratory of 3D Imaging and Analytical Methods, Department of Anthropology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Karolina Kočandrlová
- Laboratory of 3D Imaging and Analytical Methods, Department of Anthropology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Kožejová Jaklová
- Laboratory of 3D Imaging and Analytical Methods, Department of Anthropology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ján Dupej
- Laboratory of 3D Imaging and Analytical Methods, Department of Anthropology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Velemínská
- Laboratory of 3D Imaging and Analytical Methods, Department of Anthropology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
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Zhang J, Treyer V, Sun J, Zhang C, Gietl A, Hock C, Razansky D, Nitsch RM, Ni R. Automatic analysis of skull thickness, scalp-to-cortex distance and association with age and sex in cognitively normal elderly. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.01.19.524484. [PMID: 36711717 PMCID: PMC9882276 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.19.524484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Personalized neurostimulation has been a potential treatment for many brain diseases, which requires insights into brain/skull geometry. Here, we developed an open source efficient pipeline BrainCalculator for automatically computing the skull thickness map, scalp-to-cortex distance (SCD), and brain volume based on T 1 -weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data. We examined the influence of age and sex cross-sectionally in 407 cognitively normal older adults (71.9±8.0 years, 60.2% female) from the ADNI. We demonstrated the compatibility of our pipeline with commonly used preprocessing packages and found that BrainSuite Skullfinder was better suited for such automatic analysis compared to FSL Brain Extraction Tool 2 and SPM12- based unified segmentation using ground truth. We found that the sphenoid bone and temporal bone were thinnest among the skull regions in both females and males. There was no increase in regional minimum skull thickness with age except in the female sphenoid bone. No sex difference in minimum skull thickness or SCD was observed. Positive correlations between age and SCD were observed, faster in females (0.307%/y) than males (0.216%/y) in temporal SCD. A negative correlation was observed between age and whole brain volume computed based on brain surface (females -1.031%/y, males -0.998%/y). In conclusion, we developed an automatic pipeline for MR-based skull thickness map, SCD, and brain volume analysis and demonstrated the sex-dependent association between minimum regional skull thickness, SCD and brain volume with age. This pipeline might be useful for personalized neurostimulation planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhao Zhang
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, 8952 Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zurich & University of Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Valerie Treyer
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, 8952 Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Junfeng Sun
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chencheng Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Center for Functional Neurosurgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Anton Gietl
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, 8952 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Hock
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, 8952 Zurich, Switzerland
- Neurimmune, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Razansky
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zurich & University of Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Roger M Nitsch
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, 8952 Zurich, Switzerland
- Neurimmune, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Ruiqing Ni
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, 8952 Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zurich & University of Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Zentrum für Neurowissenschaften Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Velemínská J, Jaklová LK, Kočandrlová K, Hoffmannová E, Koudelová J, Suchá B, Dupej J. Three-dimensional analysis of modeled facial aging and sexual dimorphism from juvenile to elderly age. Sci Rep 2022; 12:21821. [PMID: 36528705 PMCID: PMC9759541 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-26376-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A detailed understanding of craniofacial ontogenetic development is important in a variety of scientific disciplines dealing with facial reconstruction, forensic identification, ageing prediction, and monitoring of pathological growth, including the effect of therapy. The main goals of this study were (1) the construction of the facial aging model using local polynomial regression fitting separately for both sexes, (2) evaluation of the aging effect not only on facial form as a whole but also on dimensions important for clinical practice, and (3) monitoring of the development of shape facial sexual dimorphism. Our study was based on the form and shape analysis of three-dimensional facial surface models of 456 individuals aged 14-83 years. The facial models were obtained using a structured light-based optical scanner and divided (for some analyses) into four age categories (juveniles, young adults, middle adults, and elderly adults). The methodology was based on geometric and classic morphometrics including multivariate statistics. Aging in both sexes shared common traits such as more pronounced facial roundness reducing facial convexity, sagging soft tissue, smaller visible areas of the eyes, greater nose, and thinner lips. In contrast to female faces, male faces increase in size until almost 30 years of age. After the age of 70, male facial size not only stagnates, like in females, but actually decreases slightly. Sexual dimorphic traits tended to diminish in the frontal and orbitonasal areas and increase in the gonial area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Velemínská
- grid.4491.80000 0004 1937 116XDepartment of Anthropology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 7, 128 43 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Kožejová Jaklová
- grid.4491.80000 0004 1937 116XDepartment of Anthropology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 7, 128 43 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Karolina Kočandrlová
- grid.4491.80000 0004 1937 116XDepartment of Anthropology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 7, 128 43 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Hoffmannová
- grid.4491.80000 0004 1937 116XDepartment of Anthropology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 7, 128 43 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Koudelová
- grid.4491.80000 0004 1937 116XDepartment of Anthropology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 7, 128 43 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Barbora Suchá
- grid.4491.80000 0004 1937 116XDepartment of Anthropology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 7, 128 43 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ján Dupej
- grid.4491.80000 0004 1937 116XDepartment of Anthropology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 7, 128 43 Prague, Czech Republic
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Radiomorphometric indices for sex estimation in edentulous individuals: a receiver operating characteristic curve and discriminant function analysis-based study. Forensic Sci Int 2022; 341:111513. [DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2022.111513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Abstract
The face is central to individual identity and gender presentation. Sex-based differences are seen at nearly every component of the face, from craniofacial structure to skin and soft tissue distribution. This article provides a framework for identification and analysis of sex-based differences in facial anatomy. This can then be used to guide individualized approaches to surgical planning to create greater congruence between patients' existing physical features and goals for gender expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arushi Gulati
- Division of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology- Head and Neck Surgery, University of California San Francisco, 2233 Post Street, 3rd Floor, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA
| | - P Daniel Knott
- Division of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology- Head and Neck Surgery, University of California San Francisco, 2233 Post Street, 3rd Floor, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA
| | - Rahul Seth
- Division of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology- Head and Neck Surgery, University of California San Francisco, 2233 Post Street, 3rd Floor, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA.
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