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Spoto G, Ceraolo G, Butera A, Di Rosa G, Nicotera AG. Exploring the Genetic Landscape of Chorea in Infancy and Early Childhood: Implications for Diagnosis and Treatment. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:5632-5654. [PMID: 38921008 PMCID: PMC11202702 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46060337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2024] [Revised: 06/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Chorea is a hyperkinetic movement disorder frequently observed in the pediatric population, and, due to advancements in genetic techniques, an increasing number of genes have been associated with this disorder. In genetic conditions, chorea may be the primary feature of the disorder, or be part of a more complex phenotype characterized by epileptic encephalopathy or a multisystemic syndrome. Moreover, it can appear as a persistent disorder (chronic chorea) or have an episodic course (paroxysmal chorea). Managing chorea in childhood presents challenges due to its varied clinical presentation, often involving a spectrum of hyperkinetic movement disorders alongside neuropsychiatric and multisystemic manifestations. Furthermore, during infancy and early childhood, transient motor phenomena resembling chorea occurring due to the rapid nervous system development during this period can complicate the diagnosis. This review aims to provide an overview of the main genetic causes of pediatric chorea that may manifest during infancy and early childhood, focusing on peculiarities that can aid in differential diagnosis among different phenotypes and discussing possible treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Spoto
- Unit of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Dental Sciences & Morpho-Functional Imaging, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy;
| | - Graziana Ceraolo
- Unit of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, Department of Human Pathology of the Adult and Developmental Age “Gaetano Barresi”, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy;
| | - Ambra Butera
- Unit of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, Department of Chemical, Biological, Farmaceutical & Environmental Science, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy;
| | - Gabriella Di Rosa
- Unit of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Dental Sciences & Morpho-Functional Imaging, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy;
| | - Antonio Gennaro Nicotera
- Unit of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, Maternal-Infantile Department, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy;
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Ortigoza-Escobar JD. Catching the Culprit: How Chorea May Signal an Inborn Error of Metabolism. Tremor Other Hyperkinet Mov (N Y) 2023; 13:36. [PMID: 37810989 PMCID: PMC10558026 DOI: 10.5334/tohm.801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Movement disorders, particularly chorea, are uncommon in inborn errors of metabolism, but their identification is essential for improved clinical outcomes. In this context, comprehensive descriptions of movement disorders are limited and primarily derived from single cases or small patient series, highlighting the need for increased awareness and additional research in this field. Methods A systematic review was conducted using the MEDLINE database and GeneReviews. The search included studies on inborn errors of metabolism associated with chorea, athetosis, or ballismus. The review adhered to PRISMA guidelines. Results The systematic review analyzed 76 studies out of 2350 records, encompassing the period from 1964 to 2022. Chorea was observed in 90.1% of the 173 patients, followed by athetosis in 5.7%. Various inborn errors of metabolism showed an association with chorea, with trace elements and metals being the most frequent. Cognitive and developmental abnormalities were common in the cohort. Frequent neurological features included seizures, dysarthria, and optic atrophy, whereas non-neurological features included, among others, facial dysmorphia and failure to thrive. Neuroimaging and biochemical testing played crucial roles in aiding diagnosis, revealing abnormal findings in 34.1% and 47.9% of patients, respectively. However, symptomatic treatment efficacy for movement disorders was limited. Discussion This study emphasizes the complexities of chorea in inborn errors of metabolism. A systematic approach with red flags, biochemical testing, and neuroimaging is required for diagnosis. Collaboration between neurologists, geneticists, and metabolic specialists is crucial for improving early detection and individualized treatment. Utilizing genetic testing technologies and potential therapeutic avenues can aid in the improvement of patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Darío Ortigoza-Escobar
- Department of Paediatric Neurology, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
- European Reference Network for Rare Neurological Diseases (ERN-RND), Barcelona, Spain
- U-703 Centre for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBER-ER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
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3
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Gazit I, Hecht I, Weiner C, Kotlyar A, Almer Z, Bakshi E, Or L, Volkov H, Feldman B, Maharshak I, Michelson M, Goldenberg-Cohen N, Pras E. Variants in the WDR45 Gene Within the OPA-2 Locus Associate With Isolated X-Linked Optic Atrophy. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2023; 64:17. [PMID: 37819743 PMCID: PMC10573587 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.64.13.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To describe clinical and molecular findings of two families with X-linked optic atrophy and present two new pathogenic variants in the WDR45 gene. Methods Case series and molecular analysis of two families of Jewish Ashkenazi descent with early onset bilateral optic atrophy. Whole-exome sequencing (WES) and bioinformatic analysis were performed, followed by Sanger sequencing and segregation analysis. Results In both families, male siblings (three in family 1, two in family 2) had early-onset isolated bilateral optic atrophy. The sibling's healthy mother (and in the second family also one healthy sister) had a mild presentation, suggesting a carrier state and an X-linked inheritance pattern. All participants were otherwise healthy, apart from mild learning disabilities and autism spectrum disorder in two siblings of the second family. Variants in known optic atrophy genes were excluded. Analysis revealed a point variant in the WDR45 gene-a missense variant in the first family, NM_001029896.2:c.107C>A; NP_001025067.1:p.Pro36His (variant ID: 1704205), and a splice site variant in the second family, NM_001029896.2:c.236-1G>T; NP_009006.2:p.Val80Leu (variant ID: 1704204), located on Xp11.23 (OPA2 locus). Both variants are novel and predicted as pathogenic. In both families, the variant was seen with full segregation with the disease, occurring in all affected male participants and in one allele of the carrier females, as well as none of the healthy participants. Conclusions Among two families with isolated X-linked optic atrophy, molecular analysis revealed novel variants in the WDR45 gene in full segregation with the disease. This gene resides within the OPA2 locus, previously described to associate with X-linked optic atrophy. Taken together, these findings suggest that certain pathogenic variants in the WDR45 gene are associated with isolated X-linked optic atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inbal Gazit
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shamir Medical Center, Zerifin, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Idan Hecht
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shamir Medical Center, Zerifin, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- The Matlow's Ophthalmo-genetics Laboratory, Shamir Medical Center, Zerifin, Israel
| | - Chen Weiner
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- The Matlow's Ophthalmo-genetics Laboratory, Shamir Medical Center, Zerifin, Israel
| | - Alina Kotlyar
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- The Matlow's Ophthalmo-genetics Laboratory, Shamir Medical Center, Zerifin, Israel
| | - Zina Almer
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shamir Medical Center, Zerifin, Israel
| | - Erez Bakshi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shamir Medical Center, Zerifin, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Lior Or
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shamir Medical Center, Zerifin, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Hadas Volkov
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Barak Feldman
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Idit Maharshak
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Department of Ophthalmology, Edith Wolfson Medical Center, Holon, Israel
| | - Marina Michelson
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Wolfson Medical Center, Holon, Israel
- The Genetic Institute of Maccabi Health Medicinal Organization, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Nitza Goldenberg-Cohen
- Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel, and the Department of Ophthalmology, Bnai Zion Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
| | - Eran Pras
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shamir Medical Center, Zerifin, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- The Matlow's Ophthalmo-genetics Laboratory, Shamir Medical Center, Zerifin, Israel
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4
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Lange LM, Gonzalez-Latapi P, Rajalingam R, Tijssen MAJ, Ebrahimi-Fakhari D, Gabbert C, Ganos C, Ghosh R, Kumar KR, Lang AE, Rossi M, van der Veen S, van de Warrenburg B, Warner T, Lohmann K, Klein C, Marras C. Nomenclature of Genetic Movement Disorders: Recommendations of the International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society Task Force - An Update. Mov Disord 2022; 37:905-935. [PMID: 35481685 DOI: 10.1002/mds.28982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In 2016, the Movement Disorder Society Task Force for the Nomenclature of Genetic Movement Disorders presented a new system for naming genetically determined movement disorders and provided a criterion-based list of confirmed monogenic movement disorders. Since then, a substantial number of novel disease-causing genes have been described, which warrant classification using this system. In addition, with this update, we further refined the system and propose dissolving the imaging-based categories of Primary Familial Brain Calcification and Neurodegeneration with Brain Iron Accumulation and reclassifying these genetic conditions according to their predominant phenotype. We also introduce the novel category of Mixed Movement Disorders (MxMD), which includes conditions linked to multiple equally prominent movement disorder phenotypes. In this article, we present updated lists of newly confirmed monogenic causes of movement disorders. We found a total of 89 different newly identified genes that warrant a prefix based on our criteria; 6 genes for parkinsonism, 21 for dystonia, 38 for dominant and recessive ataxia, 5 for chorea, 7 for myoclonus, 13 for spastic paraplegia, 3 for paroxysmal movement disorders, and 6 for mixed movement disorder phenotypes; 10 genes were linked to combined phenotypes and have been assigned two new prefixes. The updated lists represent a resource for clinicians and researchers alike and they have also been published on the website of the Task Force for the Nomenclature of Genetic Movement Disorders on the homepage of the International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society (https://www.movementdisorders.org/MDS/About/Committees--Other-Groups/MDS-Task-Forces/Task-Force-on-Nomenclature-in-Movement-Disorders.htm). © 2022 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara M Lange
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Paulina Gonzalez-Latapi
- The Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease and The Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorder Clinic, Toronto Western Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Ken and Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Rajasumi Rajalingam
- The Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease and The Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorder Clinic, Toronto Western Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Marina A J Tijssen
- UMCG Expertise Centre Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Darius Ebrahimi-Fakhari
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Carolin Gabbert
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Christos Ganos
- Department of Neurology, Charité University Hospital Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Rhia Ghosh
- Huntington's Disease Centre, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Kishore R Kumar
- Molecular Medicine Laboratory and Department of Neurology, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Kinghorn Centre for Clinical Genomics, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Anthony E Lang
- The Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease and The Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorder Clinic, Toronto Western Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Malco Rossi
- Movement Disorders Section, Neuroscience Department, Raul Carrea Institute for Neurological Research (FLENI), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sterre van der Veen
- UMCG Expertise Centre Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Bart van de Warrenburg
- Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Center of Expertise for Parkinson and Movement Disorders, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Tom Warner
- Department of Clinical & Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Katja Lohmann
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Christine Klein
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Connie Marras
- The Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease and The Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorder Clinic, Toronto Western Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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Machiraju P, Degtiarev V, Patel D, Hazari H, Lowry RB, Bedard T, Sinasac D, Brundler MA, Greenway SC, Khan A. Phenotype and pathology of the dilated cardiomyopathy with ataxia syndrome in children. J Inherit Metab Dis 2022; 45:366-376. [PMID: 34580891 DOI: 10.1002/jimd.12441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The dilated cardiomyopathy with ataxia syndrome (DCMA) is an autosomal recessive mitochondrial disease caused by mutations in the DnaJ heat shock protein family (Hsp40) member C19 (DNAJC19) gene. DCMA or 3-methylglutaconic aciduria type V is globally rare, but the largest number of patients in the world is found in the Hutterite population of southern Alberta in Canada. We provide an update on phenotypic findings, natural history, pathological findings, and our clinical experience. We analyzed all available records for 43 patients diagnosed with DCMA between 2005 and 2015 at the Alberta Children's Hospital. All patients studied were Hutterite and homozygous for the causative DNAJC19 variant (c.130-1G>C, IVS3-1G>C) and had elevated levels of 3-methyglutaconic acid. We calculated a birth prevalence of 1.54 cases per 1000 total births in the Hutterite community. Children were small for gestational age at birth and frequently required supplemental nutrition (63%) or surgical placement of a gastrostomy tube (35%). Early mortality in this cohort was high (40%) at a median age of 13 months (range 4-294 months). Congenital anomalies were common as was dilated cardiomyopathy (50%), QT interval prolongation (83%), and developmental delay (95%). Tissue pathology was analyzed in a limited number of patients and demonstrated subendocardial fibrosis in the heart, macrovesicular steatosis and fibrosis in the liver, and structural abnormalities in mitochondria. This report provides clinical details for a cohort of children with DCMA and the first presentation of tissue pathology for this disorder. Despite sharing common genetic etiology and environment, the disease is highly heterogeneous for reasons that are not understood. DCMA is a clinically heterogeneous systemic mitochondrial disease with significant morbidity and mortality that is common in the Hutterite population of southern Alberta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranav Machiraju
- Department of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Cardiac Sciences and Libin Cardiovascular Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Vlad Degtiarev
- Department of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Cardiac Sciences and Libin Cardiovascular Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Dhwani Patel
- Department of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Hassan Hazari
- Department of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - R Brian Lowry
- Department of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Medical Genetics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Alberta Congenital Anomalies Surveillance System, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Tanya Bedard
- Department of Medical Genetics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Alberta Congenital Anomalies Surveillance System, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - David Sinasac
- Department of Medical Genetics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Alberta Precision Laboratories, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Marie-Anne Brundler
- Department of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Alberta Precision Laboratories, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Steven C Greenway
- Department of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Cardiac Sciences and Libin Cardiovascular Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Aneal Khan
- Department of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Metabolics and Genetics in Calgary (M.A.G.I.C.) Clinic Ltd., Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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6
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Huna-Baron R, Yahalom G, Anikster Y, Ben Zeev B, Hoffmann C, Hassin-Baer S. Neuro-Ophthalmic Phenotype of OPA3. J Neuroophthalmol 2022; 42:e147-e152. [PMID: 33870938 DOI: 10.1097/wno.0000000000001249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type III 3-methylglutaconic aciduria (OPA 3) is a neuro-ophthalmologic syndrome consisting of early-onset bilateral optic atrophy. Since Costeff described the phenotype of 19 patients in 1989, several reports described approximately 50 patients, but most of them lack details about neuro-ophthalmic phenotype. Our aim was to characterize the clinical neuro-ophthalmic phenotype of this syndrome. METHODS Nine patients underwent meticulous visual function history and medical documents' review. Results of best-corrected visual acuity (VA), color vision, visual field (VF), ocular motility, pupillary reaction, slit-lamp, and dilated fundus examinations were recorded. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) was performed whenever possible. RESULTS The average VA was 1.4 ± 0.8 logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution. Poor vision was the presenting symptom in 5 patients. Six patients had decreased VA and variable degrees of optic atrophy. Humphrey VF testing of 7 patients revealed generalized depression in 5 and a cecocentral defect in 2. All patients demonstrated dysmetric saccades. Four patients had strabismus, 3 with exotropia, and one with esotropia. Seven patients had nystagmus. Ocular motility abnormality is possibly the result of cerebellar atrophy that was found in MRI studies of our patients. OCT of the retina was possible in 6 patients and revealed retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thinning as well as average retinal thinning. Three patients, in whom ganglion cell layer-inner plexiform layer (IPL) measurement was possible, also showed diffused thinning. CONCLUSIONS This study compiled data regarding neuro-ophthalmic manifestation of OPA 3 Type III patients. Contrary to established literature, poor vision was the presenting symptom in only 50% of our patients. This is the first report of OCT findings in 3MGA patients. The results demonstrated diffused thinning of the RNFL and ganglion cell complex-IPL with correlation to VA, which is in contrast to OPA1 patients in whom the most severe thinning is at the level of the papillomacular bundle. Average retinal thinning was identified at second and third decades of life, possibly resulting from early ganglion cell loss. These results may contribute to visual prognosis, and OCT may help monitor experimental therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Huna-Baron
- Neuro-Ophthalmology Unit (RH-B), Goldschleger Eye Institute Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel ; Department of Neurology (GY, SH-B), Sagol Neuroscience Center, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel; Movement Disorders Clinic and Department of Neurology (GY), Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel ; Metabolic Disease Unit Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital (YA), Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel ; Pediatric Neurology Unit (BBZ), Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel; Radiology Department (CH), Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel ; and Sackler Faculty of Medicine (RH-B, YA, BBZ, CH, SH-B), Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
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Hereditary Optic Neuropathies: Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Based 2D/3D Approaches. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12010112. [PMID: 33477675 PMCID: PMC7831942 DOI: 10.3390/genes12010112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Inherited optic neuropathies share visual impairment due to the degeneration of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) as the hallmark of the disease. This group of genetic disorders are caused by mutations in nuclear genes or in the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). An impaired mitochondrial function is the underlying mechanism of these diseases. Currently, optic neuropathies lack an effective treatment, and the implementation of induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology would entail a huge step forward. The generation of iPSC-derived RGCs would allow faithfully modeling these disorders, and these RGCs would represent an appealing platform for drug screening as well, paving the way for a proper therapy. Here, we review the ongoing two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) approaches based on iPSCs and their applications, taking into account the more innovative technologies, which include tissue engineering or microfluidics.
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Gunay A, Shin HH, Gozutok O, Gautam M, Ozdinler PH. Importance of lipids for upper motor neuron health and disease. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2020; 112:92-104. [PMID: 33323321 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2020.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Building evidence reveals the importance of maintaining lipid homeostasis for the health and function of neurons, and upper motor neurons (UMNs) are no exception. UMNs are critically important for the initiation and modulation of voluntary movement as they are responsible for conveying cerebral cortex' input to spinal cord targets. To maintain their unique cytoarchitecture with a prominent apical dendrite and a very long axon, UMNs require a stable cell membrane, a lipid bilayer. Lipids can act as building blocks for many biomolecules, and they also contribute to the production of energy. Therefore, UMNs require sustained control over the production, utilization and homeostasis of lipids. Perturbations of lipid homeostasis lead to UMN vulnerability and progressive degeneration in diseases such as hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP) and primary lateral sclerosis (PLS). Here, we discuss the importance of lipids, especially for UMNs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aksu Gunay
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA, 60611
| | - Heather H Shin
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA, 60611
| | - Oge Gozutok
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA, 60611
| | - Mukesh Gautam
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA, 60611
| | - P Hande Ozdinler
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA, 60611.
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9
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Davison JE. Eye involvement in inherited metabolic disorders. Ther Adv Ophthalmol 2020; 12:2515841420979109. [PMID: 33447730 PMCID: PMC7780305 DOI: 10.1177/2515841420979109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Inherited metabolic disorders are a large group of rare disorders affecting normal biochemical pathways. Many metabolic disorders can present with symptoms affecting the eye, and eye disorders can evolve later in the natural history of an already diagnosed metabolic disorder. The ophthalmic involvement can be very varied affecting any part of the eye, including abnormalities of cornea, lens dislocation and cataracts, retina and the distal optic pathway, and extraocular muscles. Awareness of inherited metabolic disorders is important to facilitate early diagnosis and in some cases instigate early treatment if a patient presents with eye involvement suggestive of a metabolic disorder. Ophthalmological interventions are also an important component of the multisystem holistic approach to treating patients with metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- James E. Davison
- Metabolic Medicine, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, NIHR GOSH Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), London WC1N 3JH, UK
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Horga A, Bugiardini E, Manole A, Bremner F, Jaunmuktane Z, Dankwa L, Rebelo AP, Woodward CE, Hargreaves IP, Cortese A, Pittman AM, Brandner S, Polke JM, Pitceathly RDS, Züchner S, Hanna MG, Scherer SS, Houlden H, Reilly MM. Autosomal dominant optic atrophy and cataract "plus" phenotype including axonal neuropathy. Neurol Genet 2019; 5:e322. [PMID: 31119193 PMCID: PMC6501639 DOI: 10.1212/nxg.0000000000000322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To characterize the phenotype in individuals with OPA3-related autosomal dominant optic atrophy and cataract (ADOAC) and peripheral neuropathy (PN). METHODS Two probands with multiple affected relatives and one sporadic case were referred for evaluation of a PN. Their phenotype was determined by clinical ± neurophysiological assessment. Neuropathologic examination of sural nerve and skeletal muscle, and ultrastructural analysis of mitochondria in fibroblasts were performed in one case. Exome sequencing was performed in the probands. RESULTS The main clinical features in one family (n = 7 affected individuals) and one sporadic case were early-onset cataracts (n = 7), symptoms of gastrointestinal dysmotility (n = 8), and possible/confirmed PN (n = 7). Impaired vision was an early-onset feature in another family (n = 4 affected individuals), in which 3 members had symptoms of gastrointestinal dysmotility and 2 developed PN and cataracts. The less common features among all individuals included symptoms/signs of autonomic dysfunction (n = 3), hearing loss (n = 3), and recurrent pancreatitis (n = 1). In 5 individuals, the neuropathy was axonal and clinically asymptomatic (n = 1), sensory-predominant (n = 2), or motor and sensory (n = 2). In one patient, nerve biopsy revealed a loss of large and small myelinated fibers. In fibroblasts, mitochondria were frequently enlarged with slightly fragmented cristae. The exome sequencing identified OPA3 variants in all probands: a novel variant (c.23T>C) and the known mutation (c.313C>G) in OPA3. CONCLUSIONS A syndromic form of ADOAC (ADOAC+), in which axonal neuropathy may be a major feature, is described. OPA3 mutations should be included in the differential diagnosis of complex inherited PN, even in the absence of clinically apparent optic atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Horga
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases (A.H., A.C., M.G.H., M.M.R.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology and the National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London Hospitals; Department of Molecular Neuroscience (A.M.P., H.H.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology; Department of Neuro-ophthalmology (F.B.F.R.C.O.), the National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London Hospitals; Division of Neuropathology (Z.J., S.B.), the National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London Hospitals; Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences (Z.J.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (L.D., S.S.S.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Human Genetics and Hussman Institute for Human Genomics (A.P.R., S.Z.), University of Miami, FL; Department of Neurogenetics (C.E.W., J.M.P.), the National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London Hospitals; Neurometabolic Unit (I.P.H.), the National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London Hospitals; and Department of Neurodegenerative Disease (S.B.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Enrico Bugiardini
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases (A.H., A.C., M.G.H., M.M.R.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology and the National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London Hospitals; Department of Molecular Neuroscience (A.M.P., H.H.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology; Department of Neuro-ophthalmology (F.B.F.R.C.O.), the National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London Hospitals; Division of Neuropathology (Z.J., S.B.), the National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London Hospitals; Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences (Z.J.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (L.D., S.S.S.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Human Genetics and Hussman Institute for Human Genomics (A.P.R., S.Z.), University of Miami, FL; Department of Neurogenetics (C.E.W., J.M.P.), the National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London Hospitals; Neurometabolic Unit (I.P.H.), the National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London Hospitals; and Department of Neurodegenerative Disease (S.B.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Andreea Manole
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases (A.H., A.C., M.G.H., M.M.R.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology and the National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London Hospitals; Department of Molecular Neuroscience (A.M.P., H.H.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology; Department of Neuro-ophthalmology (F.B.F.R.C.O.), the National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London Hospitals; Division of Neuropathology (Z.J., S.B.), the National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London Hospitals; Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences (Z.J.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (L.D., S.S.S.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Human Genetics and Hussman Institute for Human Genomics (A.P.R., S.Z.), University of Miami, FL; Department of Neurogenetics (C.E.W., J.M.P.), the National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London Hospitals; Neurometabolic Unit (I.P.H.), the National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London Hospitals; and Department of Neurodegenerative Disease (S.B.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Fion Bremner
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases (A.H., A.C., M.G.H., M.M.R.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology and the National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London Hospitals; Department of Molecular Neuroscience (A.M.P., H.H.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology; Department of Neuro-ophthalmology (F.B.F.R.C.O.), the National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London Hospitals; Division of Neuropathology (Z.J., S.B.), the National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London Hospitals; Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences (Z.J.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (L.D., S.S.S.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Human Genetics and Hussman Institute for Human Genomics (A.P.R., S.Z.), University of Miami, FL; Department of Neurogenetics (C.E.W., J.M.P.), the National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London Hospitals; Neurometabolic Unit (I.P.H.), the National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London Hospitals; and Department of Neurodegenerative Disease (S.B.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Zane Jaunmuktane
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases (A.H., A.C., M.G.H., M.M.R.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology and the National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London Hospitals; Department of Molecular Neuroscience (A.M.P., H.H.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology; Department of Neuro-ophthalmology (F.B.F.R.C.O.), the National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London Hospitals; Division of Neuropathology (Z.J., S.B.), the National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London Hospitals; Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences (Z.J.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (L.D., S.S.S.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Human Genetics and Hussman Institute for Human Genomics (A.P.R., S.Z.), University of Miami, FL; Department of Neurogenetics (C.E.W., J.M.P.), the National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London Hospitals; Neurometabolic Unit (I.P.H.), the National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London Hospitals; and Department of Neurodegenerative Disease (S.B.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lois Dankwa
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases (A.H., A.C., M.G.H., M.M.R.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology and the National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London Hospitals; Department of Molecular Neuroscience (A.M.P., H.H.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology; Department of Neuro-ophthalmology (F.B.F.R.C.O.), the National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London Hospitals; Division of Neuropathology (Z.J., S.B.), the National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London Hospitals; Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences (Z.J.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (L.D., S.S.S.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Human Genetics and Hussman Institute for Human Genomics (A.P.R., S.Z.), University of Miami, FL; Department of Neurogenetics (C.E.W., J.M.P.), the National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London Hospitals; Neurometabolic Unit (I.P.H.), the National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London Hospitals; and Department of Neurodegenerative Disease (S.B.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Adriana P Rebelo
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases (A.H., A.C., M.G.H., M.M.R.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology and the National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London Hospitals; Department of Molecular Neuroscience (A.M.P., H.H.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology; Department of Neuro-ophthalmology (F.B.F.R.C.O.), the National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London Hospitals; Division of Neuropathology (Z.J., S.B.), the National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London Hospitals; Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences (Z.J.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (L.D., S.S.S.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Human Genetics and Hussman Institute for Human Genomics (A.P.R., S.Z.), University of Miami, FL; Department of Neurogenetics (C.E.W., J.M.P.), the National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London Hospitals; Neurometabolic Unit (I.P.H.), the National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London Hospitals; and Department of Neurodegenerative Disease (S.B.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Catherine E Woodward
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases (A.H., A.C., M.G.H., M.M.R.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology and the National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London Hospitals; Department of Molecular Neuroscience (A.M.P., H.H.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology; Department of Neuro-ophthalmology (F.B.F.R.C.O.), the National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London Hospitals; Division of Neuropathology (Z.J., S.B.), the National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London Hospitals; Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences (Z.J.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (L.D., S.S.S.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Human Genetics and Hussman Institute for Human Genomics (A.P.R., S.Z.), University of Miami, FL; Department of Neurogenetics (C.E.W., J.M.P.), the National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London Hospitals; Neurometabolic Unit (I.P.H.), the National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London Hospitals; and Department of Neurodegenerative Disease (S.B.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Iain P Hargreaves
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases (A.H., A.C., M.G.H., M.M.R.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology and the National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London Hospitals; Department of Molecular Neuroscience (A.M.P., H.H.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology; Department of Neuro-ophthalmology (F.B.F.R.C.O.), the National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London Hospitals; Division of Neuropathology (Z.J., S.B.), the National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London Hospitals; Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences (Z.J.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (L.D., S.S.S.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Human Genetics and Hussman Institute for Human Genomics (A.P.R., S.Z.), University of Miami, FL; Department of Neurogenetics (C.E.W., J.M.P.), the National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London Hospitals; Neurometabolic Unit (I.P.H.), the National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London Hospitals; and Department of Neurodegenerative Disease (S.B.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Andrea Cortese
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases (A.H., A.C., M.G.H., M.M.R.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology and the National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London Hospitals; Department of Molecular Neuroscience (A.M.P., H.H.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology; Department of Neuro-ophthalmology (F.B.F.R.C.O.), the National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London Hospitals; Division of Neuropathology (Z.J., S.B.), the National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London Hospitals; Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences (Z.J.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (L.D., S.S.S.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Human Genetics and Hussman Institute for Human Genomics (A.P.R., S.Z.), University of Miami, FL; Department of Neurogenetics (C.E.W., J.M.P.), the National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London Hospitals; Neurometabolic Unit (I.P.H.), the National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London Hospitals; and Department of Neurodegenerative Disease (S.B.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alan M Pittman
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases (A.H., A.C., M.G.H., M.M.R.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology and the National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London Hospitals; Department of Molecular Neuroscience (A.M.P., H.H.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology; Department of Neuro-ophthalmology (F.B.F.R.C.O.), the National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London Hospitals; Division of Neuropathology (Z.J., S.B.), the National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London Hospitals; Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences (Z.J.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (L.D., S.S.S.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Human Genetics and Hussman Institute for Human Genomics (A.P.R., S.Z.), University of Miami, FL; Department of Neurogenetics (C.E.W., J.M.P.), the National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London Hospitals; Neurometabolic Unit (I.P.H.), the National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London Hospitals; and Department of Neurodegenerative Disease (S.B.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sebastian Brandner
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases (A.H., A.C., M.G.H., M.M.R.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology and the National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London Hospitals; Department of Molecular Neuroscience (A.M.P., H.H.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology; Department of Neuro-ophthalmology (F.B.F.R.C.O.), the National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London Hospitals; Division of Neuropathology (Z.J., S.B.), the National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London Hospitals; Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences (Z.J.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (L.D., S.S.S.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Human Genetics and Hussman Institute for Human Genomics (A.P.R., S.Z.), University of Miami, FL; Department of Neurogenetics (C.E.W., J.M.P.), the National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London Hospitals; Neurometabolic Unit (I.P.H.), the National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London Hospitals; and Department of Neurodegenerative Disease (S.B.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom
| | - James M Polke
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases (A.H., A.C., M.G.H., M.M.R.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology and the National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London Hospitals; Department of Molecular Neuroscience (A.M.P., H.H.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology; Department of Neuro-ophthalmology (F.B.F.R.C.O.), the National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London Hospitals; Division of Neuropathology (Z.J., S.B.), the National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London Hospitals; Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences (Z.J.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (L.D., S.S.S.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Human Genetics and Hussman Institute for Human Genomics (A.P.R., S.Z.), University of Miami, FL; Department of Neurogenetics (C.E.W., J.M.P.), the National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London Hospitals; Neurometabolic Unit (I.P.H.), the National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London Hospitals; and Department of Neurodegenerative Disease (S.B.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Robert D S Pitceathly
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases (A.H., A.C., M.G.H., M.M.R.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology and the National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London Hospitals; Department of Molecular Neuroscience (A.M.P., H.H.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology; Department of Neuro-ophthalmology (F.B.F.R.C.O.), the National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London Hospitals; Division of Neuropathology (Z.J., S.B.), the National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London Hospitals; Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences (Z.J.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (L.D., S.S.S.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Human Genetics and Hussman Institute for Human Genomics (A.P.R., S.Z.), University of Miami, FL; Department of Neurogenetics (C.E.W., J.M.P.), the National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London Hospitals; Neurometabolic Unit (I.P.H.), the National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London Hospitals; and Department of Neurodegenerative Disease (S.B.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Stephan Züchner
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases (A.H., A.C., M.G.H., M.M.R.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology and the National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London Hospitals; Department of Molecular Neuroscience (A.M.P., H.H.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology; Department of Neuro-ophthalmology (F.B.F.R.C.O.), the National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London Hospitals; Division of Neuropathology (Z.J., S.B.), the National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London Hospitals; Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences (Z.J.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (L.D., S.S.S.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Human Genetics and Hussman Institute for Human Genomics (A.P.R., S.Z.), University of Miami, FL; Department of Neurogenetics (C.E.W., J.M.P.), the National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London Hospitals; Neurometabolic Unit (I.P.H.), the National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London Hospitals; and Department of Neurodegenerative Disease (S.B.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Michael G Hanna
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases (A.H., A.C., M.G.H., M.M.R.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology and the National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London Hospitals; Department of Molecular Neuroscience (A.M.P., H.H.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology; Department of Neuro-ophthalmology (F.B.F.R.C.O.), the National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London Hospitals; Division of Neuropathology (Z.J., S.B.), the National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London Hospitals; Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences (Z.J.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (L.D., S.S.S.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Human Genetics and Hussman Institute for Human Genomics (A.P.R., S.Z.), University of Miami, FL; Department of Neurogenetics (C.E.W., J.M.P.), the National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London Hospitals; Neurometabolic Unit (I.P.H.), the National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London Hospitals; and Department of Neurodegenerative Disease (S.B.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Steven S Scherer
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases (A.H., A.C., M.G.H., M.M.R.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology and the National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London Hospitals; Department of Molecular Neuroscience (A.M.P., H.H.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology; Department of Neuro-ophthalmology (F.B.F.R.C.O.), the National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London Hospitals; Division of Neuropathology (Z.J., S.B.), the National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London Hospitals; Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences (Z.J.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (L.D., S.S.S.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Human Genetics and Hussman Institute for Human Genomics (A.P.R., S.Z.), University of Miami, FL; Department of Neurogenetics (C.E.W., J.M.P.), the National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London Hospitals; Neurometabolic Unit (I.P.H.), the National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London Hospitals; and Department of Neurodegenerative Disease (S.B.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Henry Houlden
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases (A.H., A.C., M.G.H., M.M.R.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology and the National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London Hospitals; Department of Molecular Neuroscience (A.M.P., H.H.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology; Department of Neuro-ophthalmology (F.B.F.R.C.O.), the National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London Hospitals; Division of Neuropathology (Z.J., S.B.), the National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London Hospitals; Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences (Z.J.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (L.D., S.S.S.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Human Genetics and Hussman Institute for Human Genomics (A.P.R., S.Z.), University of Miami, FL; Department of Neurogenetics (C.E.W., J.M.P.), the National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London Hospitals; Neurometabolic Unit (I.P.H.), the National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London Hospitals; and Department of Neurodegenerative Disease (S.B.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mary M Reilly
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases (A.H., A.C., M.G.H., M.M.R.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology and the National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London Hospitals; Department of Molecular Neuroscience (A.M.P., H.H.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology; Department of Neuro-ophthalmology (F.B.F.R.C.O.), the National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London Hospitals; Division of Neuropathology (Z.J., S.B.), the National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London Hospitals; Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences (Z.J.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (L.D., S.S.S.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Human Genetics and Hussman Institute for Human Genomics (A.P.R., S.Z.), University of Miami, FL; Department of Neurogenetics (C.E.W., J.M.P.), the National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London Hospitals; Neurometabolic Unit (I.P.H.), the National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London Hospitals; and Department of Neurodegenerative Disease (S.B.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom
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Bagli E, Zikou AK, Agnantis N, Kitsos G. Mitochondrial Membrane Dynamics and Inherited Optic Neuropathies. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 31:511-525. [PMID: 28652416 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.11090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Revised: 04/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Inherited optic neuropathies are a genetically diverse group of disorders mainly characterized by visual loss and optic atrophy. Since the first recognition of Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy, several genetic defects altering primary mitochondrial respiration have been proposed to contribute to the development of syndromic and non-syndromic optic neuropathies. Moreover, the genomics and imaging revolution in the past decade has increased diagnostic efficiency and accuracy, allowing recognition of a link between mitochondrial dynamics machinery and a broad range of inherited neurodegenerative diseases involving the optic nerve. Mutations of novel genes modifying mainly the balance between mitochondrial fusion and fission have been shown to lead to overlapping clinical phenotypes ranging from isolated optic atrophy to severe, sometimes lethal multisystem disorders, and are reviewed herein. Given the particular vulnerability of retinal ganglion cells to mitochondrial dysfunction, the accessibility of the eye as a part of the central nervous system and improvements in technical imaging concerning assessment of the retinal nerve fiber layer, optic nerve evaluation becomes critical - even in asymptomatic patients - for correct diagnosis, understanding and early treatment of these complex and enigmatic clinical entities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Bagli
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology-FORTH, Division of Biomedical Research, Ioannina, Greece.,Department of Ophthalmology, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Anastasia K Zikou
- Department of Clinical Radiology, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Niki Agnantis
- Department of Pathology, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Georgios Kitsos
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
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12
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Neuro-Ophthalmic Manifestations of Pediatric Neurodegenerative Disease. J Neuroophthalmol 2017; 37 Suppl 1:S4-S13. [DOI: 10.1097/wno.0000000000000549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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13
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Bourne SC, Townsend KN, Shyr C, Matthews A, Lear SA, Attariwala R, Lehman A, Wasserman WW, van Karnebeek C, Sinclair G, Vallance H, Gibson WT. Optic atrophy, cataracts, lipodystrophy/lipoatrophy, and peripheral neuropathy caused by a de novo OPA3 mutation. Cold Spring Harb Mol Case Stud 2017; 3:a001156. [PMID: 28050599 PMCID: PMC5171695 DOI: 10.1101/mcs.a001156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe a woman who presented with cataracts, optic atrophy, lipodystrophy/lipoatrophy, and peripheral neuropathy. Exome sequencing identified a c.235C > G p.(Leu79Val) variant in the optic atrophy 3 (OPA3) gene that was confirmed to be de novo. This report expands the severity of the phenotypic spectrum of autosomal dominant OPA3 mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie C Bourne
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Katelin N Townsend
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Child and Family Research Institute, British Columbia Children's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Casper Shyr
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Child and Family Research Institute, British Columbia Children's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Allison Matthews
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Child and Family Research Institute, British Columbia Children's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Scott A Lear
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Raj Attariwala
- AIM Medical Imaging, Vancouver, British Columbia V6H 1C9, Canada
| | - Anna Lehman
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Wyeth W Wasserman
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Child and Family Research Institute, British Columbia Children's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Clara van Karnebeek
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Child and Family Research Institute, British Columbia Children's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Graham Sinclair
- Department of Pathology, British Columbia Children's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia V6H 3N1, Canada
| | - Hilary Vallance
- Department of Pathology, British Columbia Children's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia V6H 3N1, Canada
| | - William T Gibson
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Child and Family Research Institute, British Columbia Children's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4H4, Canada
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14
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Navein AE, Cooke EJ, Davies JR, Smith TG, Wells LHM, Ohazama A, Healy C, Sharpe PT, Evans SL, Evans BAJ, Votruba M, Wells T. Disrupted mitochondrial function in the Opa3L122P mouse model for Costeff Syndrome impairs skeletal integrity. Hum Mol Genet 2016; 25:2404-2416. [PMID: 27106103 PMCID: PMC5181626 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddw107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Revised: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction connects metabolic disturbance with numerous pathologies, but the significance of mitochondrial activity in bone remains unclear. We have, therefore, characterized the skeletal phenotype in the Opa3L122P mouse model for Costeff syndrome, in which a missense mutation of the mitochondrial membrane protein, Opa3, impairs mitochondrial activity resulting in visual and metabolic dysfunction. Although widely expressed in the developing normal mouse head, Opa3 expression was restricted after E14.5 to the retina, brain, teeth and mandibular bone. Opa3 was also expressed in adult tibiae, including at the trabecular surfaces and in cortical osteocytes, epiphyseal chondrocytes, marrow adipocytes and mesenchymal stem cell rosettes. Opa3L122P mice displayed craniofacial abnormalities, including undergrowth of the lower mandible, accompanied in some individuals by cranial asymmetry and incisor malocclusion. Opa3L122P mice showed an 8-fold elevation in tibial marrow adiposity, due largely to increased adipogenesis. In addition, femoral length and cortical diameter and wall thickness were reduced, the weakening of the calcified tissue and the geometric component of strength reducing overall cortical strength in Opa3L122P mice by 65%. In lumbar vertebrae reduced vertebral body area and wall thickness were accompanied by a proportionate reduction in marrow adiposity. Although the total biomechanical strength of lumbar vertebrae was reduced by 35%, the strength of the calcified tissue (σmax) was proportionate to a 38% increase in trabecular number. Thus, mitochondrial function is important for the development and maintenance of skeletal integrity, impaired bone growth and strength, particularly in limb bones, representing a significant new feature of the Costeff syndrome phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice E Navein
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK
| | - Esther J Cooke
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK
| | - Jennifer R Davies
- School of Optometry and Vision Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 4LU, UK
| | - Terence G Smith
- School of Optometry and Vision Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 4LU, UK
| | - Lois H M Wells
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK.,Caerleon Comprehensive School, Caerleon, Newport NP18 1NF, UK
| | - Atsushi Ohazama
- Department of Craniofacial Development and Stem Cell Biology, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Christopher Healy
- Department of Craniofacial Development and Stem Cell Biology, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Paul T Sharpe
- Department of Craniofacial Development and Stem Cell Biology, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Sam L Evans
- School of Engineering, Cardiff University, The Parade, Cardiff CF24 3AA, UK
| | - Bronwen A J Evans
- Institute of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Marcela Votruba
- School of Optometry and Vision Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 4LU, UK.,Cardiff Eye Unit, University Hospital of Wales, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XW, UK
| | - Timothy Wells
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK
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15
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Carmi N, Lev D, Leshinsky-Silver E, Anikster Y, Blumkin L, Kivity S, Lerman-Sagie T, Zerem A. Atypical presentation of Costeff syndrome-severe psychomotor involvement and electrical status epilepticus during slow wave sleep. Eur J Paediatr Neurol 2015; 19:733-6. [PMID: 26190011 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpn.2015.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2015] [Revised: 05/25/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Costeff syndrome or OPA3-related 3-methylglutaconic aciduria is an autosomal recessive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by early onset optic atrophy and choreoathetosis with later onset of ataxia and spasticity. Costeff syndrome is prevalent among Iraqi Jews. METHODS We describe a 5 year old girl from Syrian Jewish origin with an atypical presentation of Costeff syndrome. RESULTS The patient presented with asymmetric optic atrophy, severe dystonia and choreoathetosis and global developmental regression at the age of 7 months; no achievement of independent walking and only minimal speech; and appearance of electrical status epilepticus during slow wave sleep in the second year of life with further deterioration. She harbors the classic mutation (c.143-1G > C) in the OPA3 gene. CONCLUSION Costeff syndrome may present in an atypical manner regarding the ethnic origin, clinical manifestations and co-occurrence of epilepsy. Mutations in OPA3 should be evaluated in all cases presenting with the core features of typical Costeff syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirit Carmi
- Pediatric Neurology Unit, Wolfson Medical Center, Holon, Israel; Metabolic-Neurogenetic Service, Wolfson Medical Center, Holon, Israel
| | - Dorit Lev
- Metabolic-Neurogenetic Service, Wolfson Medical Center, Holon, Israel; Institute of Medical Genetics, Wolfson Medical Center, Holon, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Esther Leshinsky-Silver
- Metabolic-Neurogenetic Service, Wolfson Medical Center, Holon, Israel; Institute of Medical Genetics, Wolfson Medical Center, Holon, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Yair Anikster
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel; Metabolic Disease Unit, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Lubov Blumkin
- Pediatric Neurology Unit, Wolfson Medical Center, Holon, Israel; Metabolic-Neurogenetic Service, Wolfson Medical Center, Holon, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Sara Kivity
- Pediatric Neurology Unit, Wolfson Medical Center, Holon, Israel; Metabolic-Neurogenetic Service, Wolfson Medical Center, Holon, Israel
| | - Tally Lerman-Sagie
- Pediatric Neurology Unit, Wolfson Medical Center, Holon, Israel; Metabolic-Neurogenetic Service, Wolfson Medical Center, Holon, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Ayelet Zerem
- Pediatric Neurology Unit, Wolfson Medical Center, Holon, Israel; Metabolic-Neurogenetic Service, Wolfson Medical Center, Holon, Israel.
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