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Liu D, Cheng Y, Qiao S, Liu M, Ji Q, Zhang BL, Mei QB, Zhou S. Nano-Codelivery of Temozolomide and siPD-L1 to Reprogram the Drug-Resistant and Immunosuppressive Microenvironment in Orthotopic Glioblastoma. ACS NANO 2022; 16:7409-7427. [PMID: 35549164 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c09794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is an invasive cancer with high mortality in central nervous system. Resistance to temozolomide (TMZ) and immunosuppressive microenvironment lead to low outcome of the standardized treatment for GBM. In this study, a 2-deoxy-d-glucose modified lipid polymer nanoparticle loaded with TMZ and siPD-L1 (TMZ/siPD-L1@GLPN/dsb) was prepared to reprogram the TMZ-resistant and immunosuppressive microenvironment in orthotopic GBM. TMZ/siPD-L1@GLPN/dsb simultaneously delivered a large amount of TMZ and siPD-L1 to the deep area of the orthotopic TMZ-resistant GBM tissue. By inhibiting PD-L1 protein expression, TMZ/siPD-L1@GLPN/dsb markedly augmented the percentage of CD3+CD8+IFN-γ+ cells (Teff cells) and reduced the percentage of CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ cells (Treg cells) in orthotopic TMZ-resistant GBM tissue, which enhanced T-cell mediated cytotoxicity on orthotopic TMZ-resistant GBM. Moreover, TMZ/siPD-L1@GLPN/dsb obviously augmented the sensitivity of orthotopic TMZ-resistant GBM to TMZ through decreasing the protein expression of O6-methyl-guanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) in TMZ-resistant GBM cells. Thus, TMZ/siPD-L1@GLPN/dsb markedly restrained the growth of orthotopic TMZ-resistant GBM and extended the survival time of orthotopic GBM rats through reversing a TMZ-resistant and immunosuppressive microenvironment. TMZ/siPD-L1@GLPN/dsb shows potential application to treat orthotopic TMZ-resistant GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daozhou Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Ying Cheng
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Sai Qiao
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Miao Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Qifeng Ji
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Bang-Le Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Qi-Bing Mei
- Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica of the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Siyuan Zhou
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
- Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica of the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
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Mojarad-Jabali S, Farshbaf M, Hemmati S, Sarfraz M, Motasadizadeh H, Shahbazi Mojarrad J, Atyabi F, Zakeri-Milani P, Valizadeh H. Comparison of three synthetic transferrin mimetic small peptides to promote the blood-brain barrier penetration of vincristine liposomes for improved glioma targeted therapy. Int J Pharm 2021; 613:121395. [PMID: 34933080 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.121395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The existence of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) makes the clinical chemotherapy of glioma a formidable challenge, because it hinders the passage of different chemotherapeutics into the brain and reduces the overall therapeutic efficiency. Therefore, it is necessary to design a drug delivery system in way that would favor the transportation of anti-cancer agents across the BBB and increase their selective accumulation within the tumor cells without affecting the normal tissues. Transferrin receptor (TfR) that shows an elevated level of expression on the BBB and glioma cells emerges as a promising tool for brain targeted delivery and glioma therapy. However, only a limited number of studies have comparatively evaluated the functionally of TfR targeting ligands. Herein, a series of liposomal formulations modified with the most well-known TfR targeting peptides including T12 (also known as THR), B6, and T7 was developed and their brain targeting capability and selective glioma accumulation was comparatively evaluated in vitro and in vivo. Among all TfR targeting or non-targeting groups, T7-modified liposomes (T7-LS) showed the highest BBB penetration capacity and brain distribution and displayed an enhanced accumulation in glioma cells. When loaded with vincristine (VCR), as a model chemotherapeutic, T7-LS/VCR could achieve the best anti-glioma outcome by means of targeted cytotoxicity and apoptosis in vitro. The obtained results suggested T7-LS as a potential platform for effective brain targeted delivery and glioma therapy in clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solmaz Mojarad-Jabali
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Masoud Farshbaf
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Salar Hemmati
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Muhammad Sarfraz
- College of Pharmacy, Al Ain University, Al Ain 64141, United Arab Emirates
| | - Hamidreza Motasadizadeh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Nanotechnology Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Fatemeh Atyabi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Nanotechnology Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parvin Zakeri-Milani
- Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Center and Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hadi Valizadeh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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Mojarad-Jabali S, Farshbaf M, Walker PR, Hemmati S, Fatahi Y, Zakeri-Milani P, Sarfraz M, Valizadeh H. An update on actively targeted liposomes in advanced drug delivery to glioma. Int J Pharm 2021; 602:120645. [PMID: 33915182 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
High-grade glioma is one of the most aggressive types of cancer with a low survival rate ranging from 12 to 15 months after the first diagnosis. Though being the most common strategy for glioma therapy, conventional chemotherapy suffers providing the therapeutic dosage of common therapeutics mostly because of limited permeability of blood-brain barrier (BBB), and blood-brain tumor barrier (BBTB) to anticancer agents. Among various nanoformulations, liposomes are considered as the most popular carriers aimed for glioma therapy. However, non-targeted liposomes which passively accumulate in most of the cancer tissues mainly through the enhanced permeation and retention effect (EPR), may not be applicable for glioma therapy due to BBB tight junctions. In the recent decade, the surface modification of liposomes with different active targeting ligands has shown promising results by getting different chemotherapeutics across the BBB and BBTB and leading them into the glioma cells. The present review discusses the major barriers for drug delivery systems to glioma, elaborates the existing mechanisms for liposomes to traverse across the BBB, and explores the main strategies for incorporation of targeting ligands onto the liposomes. It subsequently investigates the most recent and relevant studies of actively targeted liposomes modified with antibodies, aptamers, monosaccharides, polysaccharides, proteins, and peptides applied for effective glioma therapy, and highlights the common challenges facing this area. Finally, the actively targeted liposomes undergoing preclinical and clinical studies for delivery of different anticancer agents to glioma cells will be reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solmaz Mojarad-Jabali
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Masoud Farshbaf
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Paul R Walker
- Center for Translational Research in Onco-Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Geneva and Division of Oncology, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Salar Hemmati
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Yousef Fatahi
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parvin Zakeri-Milani
- Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Center and Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Muhammad Sarfraz
- College of Pharmacy, Al Ain University, Al Ain 64141, United Arab Emirates
| | - Hadi Valizadeh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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Verheijen RB, Yaqub M, Sawicki E, van Tellingen O, Lammertsma AA, Nuijen B, Schellens JHM, Beijnen JH, Huitema ADR, Hendrikse NH, Steeghs N. Molecular Imaging of ABCB1 and ABCG2 Inhibition at the Human Blood-Brain Barrier Using Elacridar and 11C-Erlotinib PET. J Nucl Med 2017; 59:973-979. [PMID: 29175983 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.117.195800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Transporters such as ABCB1 and ABCG2 limit the exposure of several anticancer drugs to the brain, leading to suboptimal treatment in the central nervous system. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of the ABCB1 and ABCG2 inhibitor elacridar on brain uptake using 11C-erlotinib PET. Methods: Elacridar and cold erlotinib were administered orally to wild-type (WT) and Abcb1a/b;Abcg2 knockout mice. In addition, brain uptake was measured using 11C-erlotinib imaging and ex vivo scintillation counting in knockout and WT mice. Six patients with advanced solid tumors underwent 11C-erlotinib PET scans before and after a 1,000-mg dose of elacridar. 11C-erlotinib brain uptake was quantified by pharmacokinetic modeling using volume of distribution (VT) as the outcome parameter. In addition, 15O-H2O scans to measure cerebral blood flow were acquired before each 11C-erlotinib scan. Results: Brain uptake of 11C-erlotinib was 2.6-fold higher in Abcb1a/b;Abcg2 knockout mice than in WT mice, measured as percentage injected dose per gram of tissue (P = 0.01). In WT mice, the addition of elacridar (at systemic plasma concentrations of ≥200 ng/mL) resulted in an increased brain concentration of erlotinib, without affecting erlotinib plasma concentration. In patients, the VT of 11C-erlotinib did not increase after intake of elacridar (0.213 ± 0.12 vs. 0.205 ± 0.07, P = 0.91). 15O-H2O PET showed no significant changes in cerebral blood flow. Elacridar exposure in patients was 401 ± 154 ng/mL. No increase in VT with increased elacridar plasma exposure was found over the 271-619 ng/mL range. Conclusion: When Abcb1 and Abcg2 were disrupted in mice, brain uptake of 11C-erlotinib increased both at a tracer dose and at a pharmacologic dose. In patients, brain uptake of 11C-erlotinib was not higher after administration of elacridar. The more pronounced role that ABCG2 appears to play at the human blood-brain barrier and the lower potency of elacridar to inhibit ABCG2 may be an explanation of these interspecies differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Remy B Verheijen
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni van Leeuwenhoek, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maqsood Yaqub
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Emilia Sawicki
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni van Leeuwenhoek, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Olaf van Tellingen
- Department of Bio-Pharmacology/Mouse Cancer Clinic, The Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni van Leeuwenhoek, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Adriaan A Lammertsma
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bastiaan Nuijen
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni van Leeuwenhoek, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jan H M Schellens
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Medical Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni van Leeuwenhoek, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jos H Beijnen
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni van Leeuwenhoek, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Alwin D R Huitema
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni van Leeuwenhoek, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Utrecht University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands; and
| | - N Harry Hendrikse
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacy, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Neeltje Steeghs
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Medical Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni van Leeuwenhoek, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Li K, Zhang K, Xu S, Wang X, Zhou Y, Zhou Y, Gao P, Lin J, Ding G, Guo G. EMP-induced BBB-disruption enhances drug delivery to glioma and increases treatment efficacy in rats. Bioelectromagnetics 2017; 39:60-67. [PMID: 29105885 DOI: 10.1002/bem.22090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Chemotherapy on gliomas is not satisfactorily efficient because the presence of blood-brain barriers (BBB) leads to inadequate exposure of tumor cells to administered drugs. In order to facilitate chemotherapeutics to penetrate BBB and increase the treatment efficacy of gliomas, electromagnetic pulse (EMP) was applied and the 1-(2-Chlorethyl)-cyclohexyl-nitrosourea (CCNU) lomustine concentration in tumor tissue, tumor size, tumor apoptosis, and side effects were measured in glioma-bearing rat model. The results showed that EMP exposure could enhance the delivery of CCNU to tumor tissue, facilitate tumor apoptosis, and inhibit tumor growth without obvious side effects. The data indicated that EMP-induced BBB disruption could enhance delivery of CCNU to glioblastoma multiforme and increase treatment efficacy in glioma-bearing rats. Bioelectromagnetics. 39:60-67, 2018. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangchu Li
- Department of Radiation Biology, Faculty of Preventive Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Keying Zhang
- Department of Radiation Biology, Faculty of Preventive Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shenglong Xu
- Department of Radiation Biology, Faculty of Preventive Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaowu Wang
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Faculty of Preventive Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yongchun Zhou
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Department of Radiation Biology, Faculty of Preventive Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Peng Gao
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Faculty of Preventive Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jiajin Lin
- Department of Radiation Biology, Faculty of Preventive Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Guirong Ding
- Department of Radiation Biology, Faculty of Preventive Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Guozhen Guo
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Faculty of Preventive Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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6
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Saunus JM, McCart Reed AE, Lim ZL, Lakhani SR. Breast Cancer Brain Metastases: Clonal Evolution in Clinical Context. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18010152. [PMID: 28098771 PMCID: PMC5297785 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18010152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Revised: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 12/27/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain metastases are highly-evolved manifestations of breast cancer arising in a unique microenvironment, giving them exceptional adaptability in the face of new extrinsic pressures. The incidence is rising in line with population ageing, and use of newer therapies that stabilise metastatic disease burden with variable efficacy throughout the body. Historically, there has been a widely-held view that brain metastases do not respond to circulating therapeutics because the blood-brain-barrier (BBB) restricts their uptake. However, emerging data are beginning to paint a more complex picture where the brain acts as a sanctuary for dormant, subclinical proliferations that are initially protected by the BBB, but then exposed to dynamic selection pressures as tumours mature and vascular permeability increases. Here, we review key experimental approaches and landmark studies that have charted the genomic landscape of breast cancer brain metastases. These findings are contextualised with the factors impacting on clonal outgrowth in the brain: intrinsic breast tumour cell capabilities required for brain metastatic fitness, and the neural niche, which is initially hostile to invading cells but then engineered into a tumour-support vehicle by the successful minority. We also discuss how late detection, abnormal vascular perfusion and interstitial fluid dynamics underpin the recalcitrant clinical behaviour of brain metastases, and outline active clinical trials in the context of precision management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jodi M Saunus
- The University of Queensland (UQ), UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Herston, Queensland 4029, Australia.
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland 4006, Australia.
| | - Amy E McCart Reed
- The University of Queensland (UQ), UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Herston, Queensland 4029, Australia.
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland 4006, Australia.
| | - Zhun Leong Lim
- The University of Queensland (UQ), UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Herston, Queensland 4029, Australia.
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland 4006, Australia.
| | - Sunil R Lakhani
- The University of Queensland (UQ), UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Herston, Queensland 4029, Australia.
- Pathology Queensland, Royal Brisbane Women's Hospital, Herston, Queensland 4029, Australia.
- UQ School of Medicine, Herston, Queensland 4006, Australia.
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Lopes AM, Chen KY, Kamei DT. A transferrin variant as the targeting ligand for polymeric nanoparticles incorporated in 3-D PLGA porous scaffolds. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2016; 73:373-380. [PMID: 28183621 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2016.12.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Revised: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
We have developed doxorubicin (DOX)-loaded poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) nanoparticles (DP) conjugated with polyethylene glycol (PEG) and transferrin (Tf) to form Tf-PEG-DPs (TPDPs), and incorporated these TPDPs into three-dimensional (3-D) PLGA porous scaffolds to form a controlled delivery system. To our knowledge, this represents the first use of a Tf variant (oxalate Tf) to improve the targeted delivery of drug-encapsulated nanoparticles (NPs) in PLGA scaffolds to PC3 prostate cancer cells. The PLGA scaffolds with TPDPs incorporated have been shown to release drugs for sustained delivery and provided a continuous release of DOX. The MTS assay was also performed to determine the potency of native and oxalate TPDPs, and a 3.0-fold decrease in IC50 values were observed between the native and oxalate TPDPs. The lower IC50 value for the oxalate version signifies greater potency compared to the native version, since a lower concentration of drug was required to achieve the same therapeutic effect. These results suggest that this technology has potential to become a new implantable polymeric device to improve the controlled and targeted drug delivery of Tf-conjugated NPs for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- André M Lopes
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, 420 Westwood Plaza, 5121 Engineering V, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Kevin Y Chen
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, 420 Westwood Plaza, 5121 Engineering V, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Daniel T Kamei
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, 420 Westwood Plaza, 5121 Engineering V, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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Platten M, Bunse L, Wick W, Bunse T. Concepts in glioma immunotherapy. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2016; 65:1269-75. [PMID: 27460064 PMCID: PMC11029493 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-016-1874-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Immunotherapeutic concepts in neurooncology have been developed for many decades but have mainly been hampered by poor definition of relevant antigens and selective measures to target the central nervous system. Independent of the recent remarkable successes in clinical immunooncology with checkpoint inhibitors and vaccines, immunotherapy of brain tumors in general and gliomas in particular has evolved with novel neurooncology-specific concepts over the past years providing new phase 1 approaches of individualized immunotherapy to first phase three clinical trials. These concepts are driven by a high medical need in the absence of approved targeted therapies and refute the classic dogma that the central nervous system is immune-privileged and hence inaccessible to potent antitumor immunity. Instead, measures have been taken to improve the odds for successful immunotherapies, including rational targeting of relevant antigens and integration of immunotherapies into standard of care primary radiochemotherapy to increase the efficacy of antitumor immunity in a meaningful time window. This review highlights concepts and challenges associated with epitope discovery and selection and trial design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Platten
- DKTK Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuroimmunology and Brain Tumor Immunology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
- National Center of Tumor Diseases (NCT), University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 460, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Lukas Bunse
- DKTK Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuroimmunology and Brain Tumor Immunology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Wick
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- National Center of Tumor Diseases (NCT), University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 460, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- DKTK Clinical Cooperation Unit Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center [DKFZ], Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Theresa Bunse
- DKTK Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuroimmunology and Brain Tumor Immunology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
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A combined microRNA-based targeted therapeutic approach to eradicate glioblastoma stem-like cells. J Control Release 2016; 238:43-57. [PMID: 27448441 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2016.07.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Revised: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A minor population of glioblastoma stem-like cells (GSCs) has been implicated in the relapse and resistance of glioblastoma to therapeutic treatments. Based on knowledge of the involvement of multiple microRNAs in GSC propagation, we designed a combinational approach to target the GSC population with multiple miRNA-based therapeutics. As carriers for the targeted delivery we took advantage of two aptamers that bind to, and inhibit, the receptor tyrosine kinases, Axl and PDGFRβ. We showed that the aptamer conjugates are transported through an in vitro blood-brain barrier (BBB) model. Furthermore, combining miR-137 and antimiR-10b synergizes with the receptor inhibitory function of aptamer carriers and prevents GSC expansion. Results highlighted the potential of combining multifunctional RNA-based therapeutics for selective targeting of GSCs and offer a proof of principle strategy to potentially fulfill the still unmet need for effective and safe treatment of glioma.
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