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Li Y, Yang J, Evans K, Wong JBW, Dissanayaka NN, Vogel AP. Optimising verbal fluency analysis in neurological patients with dysarthria: examples from Parkinson's disease and hereditary ataxia. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol 2023; 45:452-463. [PMID: 37656122 DOI: 10.1080/13803395.2023.2249172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Verbal fluency tests (VFTs) are widely used to assess cognitive-linguistic performance in neurological diseases. However, the influence of dysarthria on performance in tests requiring oral responses is unclear in ataxia and Parkinson's disease. OBJECTIVES To determine the impact of dysarthria on VFT performance and evaluate the validity and reliability of alternative methods for analyzing VFT data. METHOD Trained raters evaluated dysarthria using VFT recordings in people with ataxia (N = 61) or Parkinson's disease (PD; N = 69). Total Correct Items scores and qualitative parameters (intrusions, ambiguous verbalizations, perseverations, and interjections) were compared across semantic, phonemic, and alternating fluency tasks. Disease severity was considered as a covariate in the regression model. RESULTS VFT dysarthria ratings correlated with the benchmark (ground truth) dysarthria scores derived from a monologue. Ambiguous responses resulting from unclear speech impeded the rater's ability to determine if a response was correct. Regression analysis indicated that more severe dysarthria ratings predicted diminished scores in all three tasks (semantic fluency, phonemic fluency and alternating fluency) in the ataxia group. The contribution of disease severity to semantic, phonemic and alternating fluency was reduced substantially in the ataxia group after accounting for dysarthria severity in the model in both groups. CONCLUSIONS Dysarthria severity can be estimated based on speech samples derived from VFT. Dysarthria can lead to lower total correct items and is associated with more ambiguous verbalizations in VFT. Dysarthria severity should be considered when interpreting VFT performance in common movement disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjun Li
- Centre for Neuroscience of Speech, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Redenlab, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jihyun Yang
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, the University of Queensland, Herston QLD, Australia
| | - Kristine Evans
- Centre for Neuroscience of Speech, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Nadeeka N Dissanayaka
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, the University of Queensland, Herston QLD, Australia
- Department of Neurology, Royal Brisbane & Women's Hospital, Herston QLD, Australia
- School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Adam P Vogel
- Centre for Neuroscience of Speech, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Redenlab, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Germany & Center for Neurology, University Hospital Tübingen, Germany
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2
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Cundari M, Vestberg S, Gustafsson P, Gorcenco S, Rasmussen A. Neurocognitive and cerebellar function in ADHD, autism and spinocerebellar ataxia. Front Syst Neurosci 2023; 17:1168666. [PMID: 37415926 PMCID: PMC10321758 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2023.1168666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The cerebellum plays a major role in balance, motor control and sensorimotor integration, but also in cognition, language, and emotional regulation. Several neuropsychiatric disorders such as attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), autism spectrum disorder (ASD), as well as neurological diseases such as spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 (SCA3) are associated with differences in cerebellar function. Morphological abnormalities in different cerebellar subregions produce distinct behavioral symptoms related to the functional disruption of specific cerebro-cerebellar circuits. The specific contribution of the cerebellum to typical development may therefore involve the optimization of the structure and function of cerebro-cerebellar circuits underlying skill acquisition in multiple domains. Here, we review cerebellar structural and functional differences between healthy and patients with ADHD, ASD, and SCA3, and explore how disruption of cerebellar networks affects the neurocognitive functions in these conditions. We discuss how cerebellar computations contribute to performance on cognitive and motor tasks and how cerebellar signals are interfaced with signals from other brain regions during normal and dysfunctional behavior. We conclude that the cerebellum plays a role in many cognitive functions. Still, more clinical studies with the support of neuroimaging are needed to clarify the cerebellum's role in normal and dysfunctional behavior and cognitive functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio Cundari
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Unit of Neuropsychiatry, Hospital of Helsingborg, Helsingborg, Sweden
- Unit of Neurology, Hospital of Helsingborg, Helsingborg, Sweden
| | - Susanna Vestberg
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Peik Gustafsson
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Medical Faculty, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Sorina Gorcenco
- Department for Clinical Sciences Lund, Neurology, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Anders Rasmussen
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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3
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Oliveira JBL, Martinez ARM, França MC. Pharmacotherapy for the management of the symptoms of Machado-Joseph Disease. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2022; 23:1687-1694. [PMID: 36254604 DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2022.2135432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Machado-Joseph disease or spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 (SCA3/MJD) is the leading cause of autosomal dominant ataxia worldwide. This is a slowly progressive, but very disabling disorder. Ataxia is the main clinical feature, but additional motor and non-motor manifestations may be found. Many of these manifestations are amenable to pharmacological treatments, which may impact the quality of life of affected subjects. AREAS COVERED Authors review available literature on both disease-modifying and symptomatic pharmacological therapies for SCA3/MJD. Discussion is stratified into motor (ataxic and non-ataxic syndromes) and non-motor manifestations. Ongoing clinical trials and future perspectives are also discussed in the manuscript. EXPERT OPINION Symptomatic treatment is the mainstay of clinical care and should be tailored for each patient with SCA3/MJD. Management of ataxia is still a challenging task, but relief (at least partial) of dystonia, pain/cramps, fatigue, and sleep disorders is an achievable goal for many patients. Even though there are no disease-modifying treatments so far, recent advances in understanding the biology of disease and international collaborations of clinical researchers are now paving the way for a new era where more clinical trials will be available for this devastating disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alberto R M Martinez
- Department of Neurology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
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Quality of Life Changes Following the Onset of Cerebellar Ataxia: Symptoms and Concerns Self-reported by Ataxia Patients and Informants. CEREBELLUM (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2022; 21:592-605. [PMID: 35334077 DOI: 10.1007/s12311-022-01393-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Semi-structured interviews of patient accounts and caregiver, or informant, perspectives are a beneficial resource for patients suffering from diseases with complex symptomatology, such as cerebellar ataxia. The aim of this study was to identify, quantify, and compare the ways in which cerebellar ataxia patients' and informants' quality of life had changed as a result of living with ataxia. Using a semi-structured interview, responses were collected from patients and informants regarding motor, cognitive, and psychosocial variables. Responses were also collected from patients and informants to open-ended questions that were subsequently categorized into 15 quality of life themes that best represented changes experienced by the patients and informants. Ataxia patients and informants agreed as to the severity of posture/gait, daily activities/fine motor tasks, speech/feeding/swallowing, and oculomotor/vision impairment. It was also demonstrated that severity ratings for specific motor-related functions strongly correlated with corresponding functions within the International Cooperative Ataxia Rating Scale (ICARS), and that this interview identified frequency associations between motor impairments and specific psychosocial difficulties, which could be useful for prognostic purposes. Overall, the information obtained from this study characterized the symptoms and challenges to ataxia patients and their caregivers, which could serve as a useful educational resource for those affected by ataxia, clinicians, and researchers.
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5
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Yap KH, Abdul Manan H, Yahya N, Azmin S, Mohamed Mukari SA, Mohamed Ibrahim N. Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Its Clinical Correlation in Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 3: A Systematic Review. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:859651. [PMID: 35757531 PMCID: PMC9226753 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.859651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 (SCA3) is a complex cerebrocerebellar disease primarily characterized by ataxia symptoms alongside motor and cognitive impairments. The heterogeneous clinical presentation of SCA3 necessitates correlations between magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and clinical findings in reflecting progressive disease changes. At present, an attempt to systematically examine the brain-behavior relationship in SCA3, specifically, the correlation between MRI and clinical findings, is lacking. Objective We investigated the association strength between MRI abnormality and each clinical symptom to understand the brain-behavior relationship in SCA3. Methods We conducted a systematic review on Medline and Scopus to review studies evaluating the brain MRI profile of SCA3 using structural MRI (volumetric, voxel-based morphometry, surface analysis), magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and diffusion tensor imaging, including their correlations with clinical outcomes. Results Of 1,767 articles identified, 29 articles met the eligibility criteria. According to the National Institutes of Health quality assessment tool for case-control studies, all articles were of excellent quality. This systematic review found that SCA3 neuropathology contributes to widespread brain degeneration, affecting the cerebellum and brainstem. The disease gradually impedes the cerebral cortex and basal ganglia in the late stages of SCA3. Most findings reported moderate correlations (r = 0.30–0.49) between MRI features in several regions and clinical findings. Regardless of the MRI techniques, most studies focused on the brainstem and cerebellum. Conclusions Clinical findings suggest that rather than individual brain regions, the connectivity between different brain regions in distributed networks (i.e., cerebellar-cerebral network) may be responsible for motor and neurocognitive function in SCA3. This review highlights the importance of evaluating the progressive changes of the cerebellar-cerebral networks in SCA3 patients, specifically the functional connectivity. Given the relative lack of knowledge about functional connectivity on SCA3, future studies should investigate possible functional connectivity abnormalities in SCA3 using fMRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kah Hui Yap
- Department of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Hanani Abdul Manan
- Makmal Pemprosesan Imej Kefungsian, Department of Radiology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Department of Radiology and Intervency, Hospital Pakar Kanan-Kanak, Children Specialist Hospital, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Noorazrul Yahya
- School of Diagnostic and Applied Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, National University of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Shahrul Azmin
- Department of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Shahizon Azura Mohamed Mukari
- Makmal Pemprosesan Imej Kefungsian, Department of Radiology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Norlinah Mohamed Ibrahim
- Department of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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6
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Zhang S, Shen L, Jiao B. Cognitive Dysfunction in Repeat Expansion Diseases: A Review. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:841711. [PMID: 35478698 PMCID: PMC9036481 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.841711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
With the development of the sequencing technique, more than 40 repeat expansion diseases (REDs) have been identified during the past two decades. Moreover, the clinical features of these diseases show some commonality, and the nervous system, especially the cognitive function was affected in part by these diseases. However, the specific cognitive domains impaired in different diseases were inconsistent. Here, we survey literature on the cognitive consequences of the following disorders presenting cognitive dysfunction and summarizing the pathogenic genes, epidemiology, and different domains affected by these diseases. We found that the cognitive domains affected in neuronal intranuclear inclusion disease (NIID) were widespread including the executive function, memory, information processing speed, attention, visuospatial function, and language. Patients with C9ORF72-frontotemporal dementia (FTD) showed impairment in executive function, memory, language, and visuospatial function. While in Huntington's disease (HD), the executive function, memory, and information processing speed were affected, in the fragile X-associated tremor/ataxia syndrome (FXTAS), executive function, memory, information processing speed, and attention were impaired. Moreover, the spinocerebellar ataxias showed broad damage in almost all the cognitive domains except for the relatively intact language ability. Some other diseases with relatively rare clinical data also indicated cognitive dysfunction, such as myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1), progressive myoclonus epilepsy (PME), Friedreich ataxia (FRDA), Huntington disease like-2 (HDL2), and cerebellar ataxia, neuropathy, vestibular areflexia syndrome (CANVAS). We drew a cognitive function landscape of the related REDs that might provide an aspect for differential diagnosis through cognitive domains and effective non-specific interventions for these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sizhe Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lu Shen
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Engineering Research Center of Hunan Province in Cognitive Impairment Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Neurodegenerative and Neurogenetic Diseases, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Bin Jiao
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Engineering Research Center of Hunan Province in Cognitive Impairment Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Neurodegenerative and Neurogenetic Diseases, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Bin Jiao
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7
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Lin Q, Chang Y, Liu P, Jones JA, Chen X, Peng D, Chen M, Wu C, Liu H. Cerebellar Continuous Theta Burst Stimulation Facilitates Auditory-Vocal Integration in Spinocerebellar Ataxia. Cereb Cortex 2021; 32:455-466. [PMID: 34240142 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhab222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical studies have shown the efficacy of transcranial magnetic stimulation in treating movement disorders in patients with spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA). However, whether similar effects occur for their speech motor disorders remains largely unknown. The present event-related potential study investigated whether and how abnormalities in auditory-vocal integration associated with SCA can be modulated by neuronavigated continuous theta burst stimulation (c-TBS) over the right cerebellum. After receiving active or sham cerebellar c-TBS, 19 patients with SCA were instructed to produce sustained vowels while hearing their voice unexpectedly pitch-shifted by ±200 cents. Behaviorally, active cerebellar c-TBS led to smaller magnitudes of vocal compensations for pitch perturbations than sham stimulation. Parallel modulatory effects were also observed at the cortical level, as reflected by increased P1 and P2 responses but decreased N1 responses elicited by active cerebellar c-TBS. Moreover, smaller magnitudes of vocal compensations were predicted by larger amplitudes of cortical P1 and P2 responses. These findings provide the first neurobehavioral evidence that c-TBS over the right cerebellum produces modulatory effects on abnormal auditory-motor integration for vocal pitch regulation in patients with SCA, offering a starting point for the treatment of speech motor disorders associated with SCA with cerebellar c-TBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Lin
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yichen Chang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jeffery A Jones
- Psychology Department and Laurier Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Danhua Peng
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mingyuan Chen
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chao Wu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases, National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hanjun Liu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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8
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Yap KH, Kessels RPC, Azmin S, van de Warrenburg B, Mohamed Ibrahim N. Neurocognitive Changes in Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 3: A Systematic Review with a Narrative Design. THE CEREBELLUM 2021; 21:314-327. [PMID: 34231180 DOI: 10.1007/s12311-021-01282-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 (SCA3), the commonest dominantly inherited ataxia worldwide, is characterized by disruption in the cerebellar-cerebral and striatal-cortical networks. Findings on SCA3-associated cognitive impairments are mixed. The classification models, tests and scoring systems used, language, culture, ataxia severity, and depressive symptoms are all potential confounders in neuropsychological assessments and may have contributed to the heterogeneity of the neurocognitive profile of SCA3. We conducted a systematic review of studies evaluating neurocognitive function in SCA3 patients. Of 1304 articles identified, 15 articles met the eligibility criteria. All articles were of excellent quality according to the National Institutes of Health quality assessment tool for case-control studies. In line with the disrupted cerebellar-cerebral and striatal-cortical networks in SCA3, this systematic review found that the neurocognitive profile of SCA3 is characterized by a core impairment of executive function that affects processes such as nonverbal reasoning, executive aspects of language, and recall. Conversely, neurocognitive domains such as general intelligence, verbal reasoning, semantic aspect of language, attention/processing speed, recognition, and visuospatial perception and construction are relatively preserved. This review highlights the importance of evaluating neurocognitive function in SCA3 patients. Considering the negative impact of cognitive and affective impairment on quality of life, this review points to the profound impairments that existing or future treatments should prioritize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kah Hui Yap
- Department of Medicine, UKM Medical Center, 56000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Roy P C Kessels
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University, PO Box 9104, 6500 HE, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Department of Medical Psychology, Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Vincent Van Gogh Institute for Psychiatry, Venray, The Netherlands
| | - Shahrul Azmin
- Department of Medicine, UKM Medical Center, 56000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Bart van de Warrenburg
- Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Lupo M, Olivito G, Angelini L, Funghi G, Pignatelli F, Siciliano L, Leggio M, Clausi S. Does the cerebellar sequential theory explain spoken language impairments? A literature review. CLINICAL LINGUISTICS & PHONETICS 2021; 35:296-309. [PMID: 32290716 DOI: 10.1080/02699206.2020.1745285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
During the past decades, converging evidence from clinical, neuroimaging and neuroanatomical studies has demonstrated the key role of the cerebellum in the processing of non-motor aspects of language. Although more is known about the way in which the cerebellum participates in the mechanisms involved in written language, there is ambiguous information on its role in other aspects of language, such as in non-motor aspects of spoken language. Thus, to contribute additional insight into this important issue, in the present work, we review several original scientific papers focusing on the most frequent non-motor spoken language impairments evidenced in patients affected by cerebellar pathology, namely, verbal working memory, grammar processing and verbal fluency impairments. Starting from the collected data, we provide a common interpretation of the spoken language disorders in cerebellar patients, suggesting that sequential processing could be the main mechanism by which the cerebellum participates in these abilities. Indeed, according to the cerebellar sequential theory, spoken language impairments could be due to altered cerebellar function to supervise, synchronize and coordinate the activity of different functional modules, affecting the correct optimization of linguistic processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Lupo
- Ataxia Laboratory, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - G Olivito
- Ataxia Laboratory, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - L Angelini
- Ataxia Laboratory, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - G Funghi
- Ataxia Laboratory, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - F Pignatelli
- Ataxia Laboratory, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - L Siciliano
- PhD Program in Behavioral Neuroscience, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - M Leggio
- Ataxia Laboratory, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - S Clausi
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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10
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Moro A, Moscovich M, Farah M, Camargo CHF, Teive HAG, Munhoz RP. Nonmotor symptoms in spinocerebellar ataxias (SCAs). CEREBELLUM & ATAXIAS 2019; 6:12. [PMID: 31485334 PMCID: PMC6712685 DOI: 10.1186/s40673-019-0106-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Nonmotor symptoms (NMS) have been increasingly recognized in a number of neurodegenerative diseases with a burden of disability that parallels or even surpasses that induced by motor symptoms. As NMS have often been poorly recognized and inadequately treated, much of the most recent developments in the investigation of these disorders has focused on the recognition and quantification of NMS, which will form the basis of improved clinical care for these complex cases. NMS have been only sparsely investigated in a limited number of spinocerebellar ataxias (SCAs), particularly SCA3, and have not been systematically reviewed for other forms of SCAs. The aim of the present study was to review the available literature on the presence of NMS among different types of SCAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Moro
- 1Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, Internal Medicine Department, Hospital de Clínicas, Federal University of Paraná, 50 Teixeira Soares Street, Batel, Curitiba, PR CEP 80240-440 Brazil.,Department of Medicine, Pequeno Príncipe College, Curitiba, PR Brazil
| | - Mariana Moscovich
- 3Department of Neurology, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Marina Farah
- 4Neurology Service, Hospital Universitário Cajurú, Catholic University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR Brazil
| | - Carlos Henrique F Camargo
- 5Neurological Diseases Group, Graduate Program of Internal Medicine, Internal Medicine Department, Hospital de Clínicas, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR Brazil
| | - Hélio A G Teive
- 1Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, Internal Medicine Department, Hospital de Clínicas, Federal University of Paraná, 50 Teixeira Soares Street, Batel, Curitiba, PR CEP 80240-440 Brazil.,5Neurological Diseases Group, Graduate Program of Internal Medicine, Internal Medicine Department, Hospital de Clínicas, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR Brazil
| | - Renato P Munhoz
- 6Department of Medicine, Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Centre, Toronto Western Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
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