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Fanlo-Zarazaga A, Echevarría JI, Pinilla J, Alejandre A, Pérez-Roche T, Gutiérrez D, Ortín M, Pueyo V. Validation of a New Digital and Automated Color Perception Test. Diagnostics (Basel) 2024; 14:396. [PMID: 38396435 PMCID: PMC10888327 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics14040396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Although color vision deficiencies are very prevalent, there are no ideal methods for assessing color vision in all environments. We compared a new digital and automated method that quantifies color perception for the three protan, deutan, and tritan axes with two of the most commonly used color tests in daily practice: the Ishihara 38 plates test and the Farnsworth-Munsell 100-Hue test. One hundred patients underwent a triple examination composed of the new DIVE Color Test, the Ishihara test, and the Farnsworth-Munsell 100-Hue test. The DIVE Color Test was performed twice in forty participants to assess its repeatability. In the trichromatic group, the mean age stood at 20.57 ± 9.22 years compared with 25.99 ± 15.86 years in the dyschromatic group. The DIVE and Ishihara tests exhibited excellent agreement in identifying participants with color deficiency (Cohen's kappa = 1.00), while it was 0.81 when comparing DIVE and Farnsworth. The correlation between the global perception values of Farnsworth (TES) and DIVE (GCS) was 0.80. The repeatability of the DIVE Color Test was high according to Bland-Altman analysis with an intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.83. According to Ishihara, the DIVE Color Test proved to be an effective and reproducible tool for red-green color vision deficiency detection, capable of determining the severity of the defect in each of the three axes faster and more accurately than both Ishihara and Farnsworth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvaro Fanlo-Zarazaga
- Ophthalmology Department, Miguel Servet University Hospital, Isabel la Católica, 3, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Aragon Institute for Health Research (IIS Aragón), San Juan Bosco 13, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- DIVE Medical S.L., Paseo Miramón 170, 20014 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - José Ignacio Echevarría
- Instituto de Investigación en Ingeniería de Aragón (I3A), Universidad de Zaragoza, María de Luna 1, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Juan Pinilla
- Ophthalmology Department, Miguel Servet University Hospital, Isabel la Católica, 3, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Aragon Institute for Health Research (IIS Aragón), San Juan Bosco 13, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Adrián Alejandre
- DIVE Medical S.L., Paseo Miramón 170, 20014 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Teresa Pérez-Roche
- Ophthalmology Department, Miguel Servet University Hospital, Isabel la Católica, 3, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Aragon Institute for Health Research (IIS Aragón), San Juan Bosco 13, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Diego Gutiérrez
- Instituto de Investigación en Ingeniería de Aragón (I3A), Universidad de Zaragoza, María de Luna 1, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Marta Ortín
- DIVE Medical S.L., Paseo Miramón 170, 20014 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Victoria Pueyo
- Ophthalmology Department, Miguel Servet University Hospital, Isabel la Católica, 3, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Aragon Institute for Health Research (IIS Aragón), San Juan Bosco 13, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Department of Microbiology, Pediatrics, Radiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Zaragoza, Domingo Miral, s/n, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
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Barreiro-González A, Sanz MT, Carratalà-Boscà S, Pérez-Miralles F, Alcalá C, España-Gregori E, Casanova B. Dyschromatopsia in multiple sclerosis reflects diffuse chronic neurodegeneration beyond anatomical landmarks. Acta Neurol Belg 2021; 121:1767-1775. [PMID: 33044738 DOI: 10.1007/s13760-020-01516-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
To formulate and validate a dyschromatopsia linear regression model in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). 64 MS patients (50 to formulate the model and 14 for its validation) underwent neurological (Expanded Disability Status Scale, EDSS), color vision (Farnsworth D15 test), and peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (pRNFL) and retinal evaluation with spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). Neuroradiological examination permitted to obtain brain parenchymal fraction (BPF) and cervical spinal cord volume (SC). Ophthalmic parameters were calculated as the average of both non-optic neuritis (ON) eyes, and in case the patient had previous ON, the value of the fellow non-ON eye was taken. The influence of sex, age, disease duration, and history of disease-modifying treatment (first- or second-line DMT) was tested as covariables that could influence color perception. Color confusion index (log CCI) correlated with pRNFL (r = - 0.322, p = 0.009), ganglion cell layer (GCL, r = - 0.321, p = 0.01), BPF (r = - 0.287, p = 0.021), SC volume (r = - 0.33, p = 0.008), patients' age (r = 0.417, p = 0.001), disease duration (r = 0.371, p = 0.003), and EDSS (r = 0.44, p = 0.001). The following CCI equation was obtained: log (CCI) = 0.316-0.224 BPF - 0.187 SC volume (mm3) + 0.226 age (years) + 0.012 disease duration (years) - 0.372 GCL (µm). CCI correlates with MS clinical and paraclinical established biomarkers suggesting chronic diffuse neurodegeneration in MS operates at brain, SC, and retina linking all three compartments. Color vision outcome can be calculated through the aforementioned variables for clinical and research purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Barreiro-González
- Ophthalmology Department, University and Polytechnic Hospital La Fe, Avenida Fernando Abril Martorell 106, 46026, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Maria T Sanz
- Departamento de Didáctica de La Matemática, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Sara Carratalà-Boscà
- Neurology Department, University and Polytechnic Hospital La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Carmen Alcalá
- Neurology Department, University and Polytechnic Hospital La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Enrique España-Gregori
- Ophthalmology Department, University and Polytechnic Hospital La Fe, Avenida Fernando Abril Martorell 106, 46026, Valencia, Spain
- Surgery Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Bonaventura Casanova
- Neurology Department, University and Polytechnic Hospital La Fe, Valencia, Spain
- Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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Levin LA, Sengupta M, Balcer LJ, Kupersmith MJ, Miller NR. Report From the National Eye Institute Workshop on Neuro-Ophthalmic Disease Clinical Trial Endpoints: Optic Neuropathies. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2021; 62:30. [PMID: 34846515 PMCID: PMC8648055 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.62.14.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Leonard A Levin
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Neurology & Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Mohor Sengupta
- National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - Laura J Balcer
- Departments of Neurology, Ophthalmology, and Population Health, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States
| | - Mark J Kupersmith
- Departments of Neurology, Ophthalmology, and Neurosurgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai and New York Eye and Ear Infirmary, New York, New York, United States
| | - Neil R Miller
- Neuro-Ophthalmology Division, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
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Matsumoto R, Saishin Y, Ohji M. Evaluation of acquired color vision deficiency in retinal vein occlusion using the Rabin cone contrast test. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2021; 259:2961-2966. [PMID: 33846836 DOI: 10.1007/s00417-021-05171-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate acquired color vision deficiency (CVD) using the Rabin cone contrast test (RCCT) in patients with retinal vein occlusion (RVO). METHODS We retrospectively evaluated 39 patients with macular edema due to RVO who were treated with intravitreal injections of anti-VEGF agents and demonstrated improvement of best-corrected visual acuity to 20/20 Snellen VA or better. The acquired CVD was evaluated by the RCCT and standard pseudo-isochromatic plates-part 2 (SPP-2). RESULTS Mean L, M, and S color contrast test (CCT) scores were significantly lower in RVO eyes than in the fellow eyes (L CCTs, 70.0 ± 13.3 vs. 90.0 ± 8.0, respectively, P < 0.01; M CCTs, 85.0 ± 16.6 vs. 95.0 ± 5.7, respectively, P < 0.01; S CCTs, 80.0 ± 21.5 vs. 95.0 ± 7.1, respectively, P < 0.01). Acquired CVD was diagnosed in 25 eyes of 39 patients by the RCCT and in 15 eyes of 39 patients by SPP-2. The RCCT was performed on two different days in 21 patients. It revealed acquired CVD in 17 eyes on the first day and in 10 eyes on the second day. Acquired CVD was improved in 9 eyes, unchanged in 8 eyes, and worsened in 2 eyes. CONCLUSIONS The RCCT revealed eyes with RVO had acquired CVD. Acquired CVD caused by RVO can be improved further in some cases even after recovery of vision to 20/20. The RCCT may be able to quantitatively diagnose acquired CVD status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riko Matsumoto
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta-Tsukinowacho, Otsu, Shiga, 520-2192, Japan
| | - Yoshitsugu Saishin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta-Tsukinowacho, Otsu, Shiga, 520-2192, Japan.
| | - Masahito Ohji
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta-Tsukinowacho, Otsu, Shiga, 520-2192, Japan
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Vit JP, Fuchs DT, Angel A, Levy A, Lamensdorf I, Black KL, Koronyo Y, Koronyo-Hamaoui M. Color and contrast vision in mouse models of aging and Alzheimer's disease using a novel visual-stimuli four-arm maze. Sci Rep 2021; 11:1255. [PMID: 33441984 PMCID: PMC7806734 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-80988-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We introduce a novel visual-stimuli four-arm maze (ViS4M) equipped with spectrally- and intensity-controlled LED emitters and dynamic grayscale objects that relies on innate exploratory behavior to assess color and contrast vision in mice. Its application to detect visual impairments during normal aging and over the course of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is evaluated in wild-type (WT) and transgenic APPSWE/PS1∆E9 murine models of AD (AD+) across an array of irradiance, chromaticity, and contrast conditions. Substantial color and contrast-mode alternation deficits appear in AD+ mice at an age when hippocampal-based memory and learning is still intact. Profiling of timespan, entries and transition patterns between the different arms uncovers variable AD-associated impairments in contrast sensitivity and color discrimination, reminiscent of tritanomalous defects documented in AD patients. Transition deficits are found in aged WT mice in the absence of alternation decline. Overall, ViS4M is a versatile, controlled device to measure color and contrast-related vision in aged and diseased mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Philippe Vit
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 127 S. San Vicente Blvd., Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA.,Biobehavioral Research Core, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Dieu-Trang Fuchs
- Department of Neurosurgery, Maxine Dunitz Neurosurgical Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ariel Angel
- Pharmaseed Ltd., 9 Hamazmera St., 74047, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Aharon Levy
- Pharmaseed Ltd., 9 Hamazmera St., 74047, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | | | - Keith L Black
- Department of Neurosurgery, Maxine Dunitz Neurosurgical Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yosef Koronyo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Maxine Dunitz Neurosurgical Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Maya Koronyo-Hamaoui
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 127 S. San Vicente Blvd., Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA. .,Department of Neurosurgery, Maxine Dunitz Neurosurgical Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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