1
|
Arizono E, Sato N, Shigemoto Y, Kimura Y, Chiba E, Maki H, Matsuda H, Takeshita E, Shimizu-Motohashi Y, Sasaki M, Saito K. Brain structural changes in alternating hemiplegia of childhood using single-case voxel-based morphometry analysis. Int J Dev Neurosci 2023; 83:665-673. [PMID: 37604479 DOI: 10.1002/jdn.10295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Alternating hemiplegia of childhood (AHC) is a rare neurodevelopmental disease caused by ATP1A3 mutations. Using voxel-based morphometry (VBM) analysis, we compared an AHC patient cohort with controls. Additionally, with single-case VBM analysis, we assessed the associations between clinical severity and brain volume in patients with AHC. MATERIALS AND METHODS To investigate structural brain changes in gray matter (GM) and white matter (WM) volumes between 9 patients with AHC and 20 age-matched controls, VBM analysis was performed using three-dimensional T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging. Single-case VBM analysis was also performed on nine patients with AHC to investigate the associations between the respective volumes of GM/WM differences and the motor level, cognitive level, and status epilepticus severity in patients with AHC. RESULTS Compared with controls, patients with AHC showed significant GM volume reductions in both hippocampi and diffuse cerebellum, and there were WM reductions in both cerebral hemispheres. In patients with AHC, cases with more motor dysfunction, the less GM/WM volume of cerebellum was shown. Three of the six cases with cognitive dysfunction showed a clear GM volume reduction in the insulae. Five of the six cases with status epilepticus showed the GM volume reduction in hippocampi. One case had severe status epilepticus without motor dysfunction and showed no cerebellar atrophy. CONCLUSION With single-case VBM analysis, we could show the association between region-specific changes in brain volume and the severity of various clinical symptoms even in a small sample of subjects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elly Arizono
- Department of Radiology, National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Japan
- Department of Radiology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Noriko Sato
- Department of Radiology, National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Japan
| | - Yoko Shigemoto
- Department of Radiology, National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Japan
| | - Yukio Kimura
- Department of Radiology, National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Japan
| | - Emiko Chiba
- Department of Radiology, National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Maki
- Department of Radiology, National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Matsuda
- Department of Biofunctional Imaging, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Eri Takeshita
- Department of Child Neurology, National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuko Shimizu-Motohashi
- Department of Child Neurology, National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masayuki Sasaki
- Department of Child Neurology, National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Saito
- Department of Radiology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Poole J, Zagaglia S, Demurtas R, Farrell F, Walker MC, Sisodiya SM, Balestrini S, Vivekananda U. Alternating hemiplegia of childhood: An electroclinical study of sleep and hemiplegia. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0268720. [PMID: 36178910 PMCID: PMC9524638 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0268720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Alternating Hemiplegia of Childhood (AHC) is characterised by paroxysmal hemiplegic episodes and seizures. Remission of hemiplegia upon sleep is a clinical diagnostic feature of AHC. We investigated whether: 1) Hemiplegic events are associated with spectral EEG changes 2) Sleep in AHC is associated with clinical or EEG spectral features that may explain its restorative effect. METHODS We retrospectively performed EEG spectral analysis in five adults with AHC and twelve age-/gender-matched epilepsy controls. Five-minute epochs of hemiplegic episodes and ten-minute epochs of four sleep stages were selected from video-EEGs. Arousals were counted per hour of sleep. RESULTS We found 1) hemispheric differences in pre-ictal and ictal spectral power (p = 0.034), during AHC hemiplegic episodes 2) 22% reduced beta power (p = 0.017) and 26% increased delta power (p = 0.025) during wakefulness in AHC versus controls. There were 98% more arousals in the AHC group versus controls (p = 0.0003). CONCLUSIONS There are hemispheric differences in spectral power preceding hemiplegic episodes in adults with AHC, and sleep is disrupted. SIGNIFICANCE Spectral EEG changes may be a potential predictive tool for AHC hemiplegic episodes. Significantly disrupted sleep is a feature of AHC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Josephine Poole
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom
- Chalfont Centre for Epilepsy, Chalfont St. Peter, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Sara Zagaglia
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom
- Chalfont Centre for Epilepsy, Chalfont St. Peter, United Kingdom
| | - Rita Demurtas
- Neurology and Stroke Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera SS Antonio e Biagio e Cesare Arrigo, Alessandria, Italy
| | - Fiona Farrell
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom
- Chalfont Centre for Epilepsy, Chalfont St. Peter, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew C. Walker
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sanjay M. Sisodiya
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom
- Chalfont Centre for Epilepsy, Chalfont St. Peter, United Kingdom
| | - Simona Balestrini
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom
- Chalfont Centre for Epilepsy, Chalfont St. Peter, United Kingdom
- Children’s Hospital A. Meyer, University of Florence, Paediatric Neurology, Neuroscience Department, Florence, Italy
| | - Umesh Vivekananda
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Different phenotypes of neurological diseases, including alternating hemiplegia of childhood and rapid-onset dystonia-parkinsonism, caused by de novo ATP1A3 mutation in a family. Neurol Sci 2021; 43:2555-2563. [PMID: 34783933 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-021-05673-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The spectrum of neurological diseases related to ATP1A3 gene mutations is highly heterogeneous and exhibits different phenotypes. Phenotype overlaps, including alternating hemiplegia of childhood (AHC), early infantile epileptic encephalopathy, and rapid-onset dystonia-parkinsonism (RDP), can also occur at extremely low incidences. Currently, over 90 types of pathogenic mutations have been identified in ATP1A3. PATIENTS AND METHODS The family of a 2-year-11-month-old proband with AHC was recruited for this clinical investigation. The proband was screened for candidate mutation gene sites using next-generation sequencing and target-region capture technology. Sanger sequencing was used to identify carriers among family members. RESULTS The mother of the proband with AHC was diagnosed with dystonia (later diagnosed as RDP). The biochemical and immune indices of the proband and the mother were not abnormal. Moreover, brain imaging of the proband revealed no significant abnormalities. However, the electroencephalogram of the mother was mildly abnormal, with no spike wave discharge. Brain MRI revealed slight cerebellar atrophy. Electromyography revealed neurogenic damage, with a decrease in the conduction velocity of the left ulnar and radial nerves. Based on the sequencing data, both the proband and her mother carried c.823G > C p. (Ala275Pro) heterozygotes; other family members were not identified as carriers. With a PolyPhen-2 score of 0.997 and SIFT score of 0.001, this mutation can be considered damaging. CONCLUSION Family genotype-phenotype correlation analysis revealed that the phenotype and gene mutation were co-segregated, suggesting that it may be a pathogenic mutation.
Collapse
|
4
|
Ng HWY, Ogbeta JA, Clapcote SJ. Genetically altered animal models for ATP1A3-related disorders. Dis Model Mech 2021; 14:272403. [PMID: 34612482 PMCID: PMC8503543 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.048938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Within the past 20 years, particularly with the advent of exome sequencing technologies, autosomal dominant and de novo mutations in the gene encoding the neurone-specific α3 subunit of the Na+,K+-ATPase (NKA α3) pump, ATP1A3, have been identified as the cause of a phenotypic continuum of rare neurological disorders. These allelic disorders of ATP1A3 include (in approximate order of severity/disability and onset in childhood development): polymicrogyria; alternating hemiplegia of childhood; cerebellar ataxia, areflexia, pes cavus, optic atrophy and sensorineural hearing loss syndrome; relapsing encephalopathy with cerebellar ataxia; and rapid-onset dystonia-parkinsonism. Some patients present intermediate, atypical or combined phenotypes. As these disorders are currently difficult to treat, there is an unmet need for more effective therapies. The molecular mechanisms through which mutations in ATP1A3 result in a broad range of neurological symptoms are poorly understood. However, in vivo comparative studies using genetically altered model organisms can provide insight into the biological consequences of the disease-causing mutations in NKA α3. Herein, we review the existing mouse, zebrafish, Drosophila and Caenorhabditis elegans models used to study ATP1A3-related disorders, and discuss their potential contribution towards the understanding of disease mechanisms and development of novel therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hannah W Y Ng
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Jennifer A Ogbeta
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Steven J Clapcote
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK.,European Network for Research on Alternating Hemiplegia (ENRAH), 1120 Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Uchitel J, Wallace K, Tran L, Abrahamsen T, Hunanyan A, Prange L, Jasien J, Caligiuri L, Pratt M, Rikard B, Fons C, De Grandis E, Vezyroglou A, Heinzen EL, Goldstein DB, Vavassori R, Papadopoulou MT, Cocco I, Moré R, Arzimanoglou A, Panagiotakaki E, Mikati MA. Alternating hemiplegia of childhood: evolution over time and mouse model corroboration. Brain Commun 2021; 3:fcab128. [PMID: 34396101 PMCID: PMC8361420 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcab128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Alternating hemiplegia of childhood is a rare neurodevelopmental disorder caused by ATP1A3 mutations. Some evidence for disease progression exists, but there are few systematic analyses. Here, we evaluate alternating hemiplegia of childhood progression in humans and in the D801N knock-in alternating hemiplegia of childhood mouse, Mashlool, model. This study performed an ambidirectional (prospective and retrospective data) analysis of an alternating hemiplegia of childhood patient cohort (n = 42, age 10.24 ± 1.48 years) seen at one US centre. To investigate potential disease progression, we used linear mixed effects models incorporating early and subsequent visits, and Wilcoxon Signed Rank test comparing first and last visits. Potential early-life clinical predictors were determined via multivariable regression. We also compared EEG background at first encounter and at last follow-up. We then performed a retrospective confirmation study on a multicentre cohort of alternating hemiplegia of childhood patients from France (n = 52). To investigate disease progression in the Mashlool mouse, we performed behavioural testing on a cohort of Mashlool- mice at prepubescent and adult ages (n = 11). Results: US patients, over time, demonstrated mild worsening of non-paroxysmal disability index scores, but not of paroxysmal disability index scores. Increasing age was a predictor of worse scores: P < 0.0001 for the non-paroxysmal disability index, intellectual disability scale and gross motor scores. Earliest non-paroxysmal disability index score was a predictor of last visit non-paroxysmal disability index score (P = 0.022), and earliest intellectual disability score was a predictor of last intellectual disability score (P = 0.035). More patients with EEG background slowing were noted at last follow-up as compared to initial (P = 0.015). Similar worsening of disease with age was also noted in the French cohort: age was a significant predictor of non-paroxysmal disability index score (P = 0.001) and first and last non-paroxysmal disability index score scores significantly differed (P = 0.002). In animal studies, adult Mashlool mice had, as compared to younger Mashlool mice, (i) worse balance beam performance; (ii) wider base of support; (iii) higher severity of seizures and resultant mortality; and (iv) no increased predisposition to hemiplegic or dystonic spells. In conclusion, (i) non-paroxysmal alternating hemiplegia of childhood manifestations show, on average over time, progression associated with severity of early-life non-paroxysmal disability and age. (ii) Progression also occurs in Mashlool mice, confirming that ATP1A3 disease can lead to age-related worsening. (iii) Clinical findings provide a basis for counselling patients and for designing therapeutic trials. Animal findings confirm a mouse model for investigation of underlying mechanisms of disease progression, and are also consistent with known mechanisms of ATP1A3-related neurodegeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julie Uchitel
- Division of Pediatric Neurology and Developmental Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Keri Wallace
- Division of Pediatric Neurology and Developmental Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Linh Tran
- Division of Pediatric Neurology and Developmental Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Tavis Abrahamsen
- Department of Statistical Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Arsen Hunanyan
- Division of Pediatric Neurology and Developmental Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Lyndsey Prange
- Division of Pediatric Neurology and Developmental Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Joan Jasien
- Division of Pediatric Neurology and Developmental Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Laura Caligiuri
- Division of Pediatric Neurology and Developmental Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Milton Pratt
- Division of Pediatric Neurology and Developmental Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Blaire Rikard
- Division of Pediatric Neurology and Developmental Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Carmen Fons
- Department of Child Neurology, Sant Joan de Déu Children's Hospital, Member of the ERN EpiCARE, Barcelona 08950, Spain
| | - Elisa De Grandis
- Child Neuropsychiatry Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa 16147, Italy.,Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, Genoa 16147, Italy
| | - Aikaterini Vezyroglou
- Department of Developmental Neurosciences, UCL NIHR BRC Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London WC1N 3JH, UK
| | - Erin L Heinzen
- Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - David B Goldstein
- Institute of Genomic Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Rosaria Vavassori
- Euro Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology I.E.ME.ST, Palermo 90139, Italy
| | - Maria T Papadopoulou
- Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology, Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology, Member of the ERN EpiCARE, University Hospitals of Lyon (HCL), Lyon 69500, France
| | - Isabella Cocco
- Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology, Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology, Member of the ERN EpiCARE, University Hospitals of Lyon (HCL), Lyon 69500, France
| | - Rebecca Moré
- Department of Paediatric Neurology Outpatient Clinic/Neonatal Paediatrics and Intensive Care, University Hospital of Rouen, Rouen 76000, France
| | | | | | - Alexis Arzimanoglou
- Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology, Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology, Member of the ERN EpiCARE, University Hospitals of Lyon (HCL), Lyon 69500, France
| | - Eleni Panagiotakaki
- Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology, Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology, Member of the ERN EpiCARE, University Hospitals of Lyon (HCL), Lyon 69500, France
| | - Mohamad A Mikati
- Division of Pediatric Neurology and Developmental Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Vetro A, Nielsen HN, Holm R, Hevner RF, Parrini E, Powis Z, Møller RS, Bellan C, Simonati A, Lesca G, Helbig KL, Palmer EE, Mei D, Ballardini E, Van Haeringen A, Syrbe S, Leuzzi V, Cioni G, Curry CJ, Costain G, Santucci M, Chong K, Mancini GMS, Clayton-Smith J, Bigoni S, Scheffer IE, Dobyns WB, Vilsen B, Guerrini R. ATP1A2- and ATP1A3-associated early profound epileptic encephalopathy and polymicrogyria. Brain 2021; 144:1435-1450. [PMID: 33880529 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awab052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Constitutional heterozygous mutations of ATP1A2 and ATP1A3, encoding for two distinct isoforms of the Na+/K+-ATPase (NKA) alpha-subunit, have been associated with familial hemiplegic migraine (ATP1A2), alternating hemiplegia of childhood (ATP1A2/A3), rapid-onset dystonia-parkinsonism, cerebellar ataxia-areflexia-progressive optic atrophy, and relapsing encephalopathy with cerebellar ataxia (all ATP1A3). A few reports have described single individuals with heterozygous mutations of ATP1A2/A3 associated with severe childhood epilepsies. Early lethal hydrops fetalis, arthrogryposis, microcephaly, and polymicrogyria have been associated with homozygous truncating mutations in ATP1A2. We investigated the genetic causes of developmental and epileptic encephalopathies variably associated with malformations of cortical development in a large cohort and identified 22 patients with de novo or inherited heterozygous ATP1A2/A3 mutations. We characterized clinical, neuroimaging and neuropathological findings, performed in silico and in vitro assays of the mutations' effects on the NKA-pump function, and studied genotype-phenotype correlations. Twenty-two patients harboured 19 distinct heterozygous mutations of ATP1A2 (six patients, five mutations) and ATP1A3 (16 patients, 14 mutations, including a mosaic individual). Polymicrogyria occurred in 10 (45%) patients, showing a mainly bilateral perisylvian pattern. Most patients manifested early, often neonatal, onset seizures with a multifocal or migrating pattern. A distinctive, 'profound' phenotype, featuring polymicrogyria or progressive brain atrophy and epilepsy, resulted in early lethality in seven patients (32%). In silico evaluation predicted all mutations to be detrimental. We tested 14 mutations in transfected COS-1 cells and demonstrated impaired NKA-pump activity, consistent with severe loss of function. Genotype-phenotype analysis suggested a link between the most severe phenotypes and lack of COS-1 cell survival, and also revealed a wide continuum of severity distributed across mutations that variably impair NKA-pump activity. We performed neuropathological analysis of the whole brain in two individuals with polymicrogyria respectively related to a heterozygous ATP1A3 mutation and a homozygous ATP1A2 mutation and found close similarities with findings suggesting a mainly neural pathogenesis, compounded by vascular and leptomeningeal abnormalities. Combining our report with other studies, we estimate that ∼5% of mutations in ATP1A2 and 12% in ATP1A3 can be associated with the severe and novel phenotypes that we describe here. Notably, a few of these mutations were associated with more than one phenotype. These findings assign novel, 'profound' and early lethal phenotypes of developmental and epileptic encephalopathies and polymicrogyria to the phenotypic spectrum associated with heterozygous ATP1A2/A3 mutations and indicate that severely impaired NKA pump function can disrupt brain morphogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Vetro
- Pediatric Neurology, Neurogenetics and Neurobiology Unit and Laboratories, Meyer Children's Hospital, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Hang N Nielsen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Rikke Holm
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Robert F Hevner
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Elena Parrini
- Pediatric Neurology, Neurogenetics and Neurobiology Unit and Laboratories, Meyer Children's Hospital, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Zoe Powis
- Ambry Genetics, Aliso Viejo, CA, USA
| | - Rikke S Møller
- Department of Epilepsy Genetics and Personalized Medicine Danish Epilepsy Centre, Filadelfia, Denmark.,Department of Regional Health Services, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Cristina Bellan
- Department of Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Bolognini Hospital, ASST-Bergamo Est, Seriate, Italy
| | - Alessandro Simonati
- Neurology (Child Neurology and Neuropathology), Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Gaétan Lesca
- Department of Medical Genetics, Member of the ERN EpiCARE, University Hospital of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Katherine L Helbig
- Division of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Elizabeth E Palmer
- Centre for Clinical Genetics, Sydney Children's Hospital, Randwick, NSW, Australia.,School of Women's and Children's Health, University of New South Wales, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - Davide Mei
- Pediatric Neurology, Neurogenetics and Neurobiology Unit and Laboratories, Meyer Children's Hospital, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Elisa Ballardini
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Pediatric Section, Department of Medical Sciences, Ferrara University, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Arie Van Haeringen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Steffen Syrbe
- Division of Pediatric Epileptology, Centre for Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Vincenzo Leuzzi
- Department of Human Neuroscience, Unit of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Cioni
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, Pisa, Italy
| | - Cynthia J Curry
- Genetic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco/Fresno, CA, USA
| | - Gregory Costain
- Division of Clinical and Metabolic Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Margherita Santucci
- Child Neuropsychiatry Unit, IRCCS, Institute of Neurological Sciences, Bellaria Hospital, Bologna, Italy.,DIBINEM, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Karen Chong
- The Prenatal Diagnosis and Medical Genetics Program, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Grazia M S Mancini
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jill Clayton-Smith
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, University of Manchester, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester, UK
| | - Stefania Bigoni
- Medical Genetics Unit, Department of Mother and Child, Ferrara University Hospital, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Ingrid E Scheffer
- University of Melbourne, Austin Health and Royal Children's Hospital, Florey and Murdoch Institutes, Melbourne, Australia
| | - William B Dobyns
- Department of Pediatrics (Genetics), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Bente Vilsen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Renzo Guerrini
- Pediatric Neurology, Neurogenetics and Neurobiology Unit and Laboratories, Meyer Children's Hospital, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Decreased content of ascorbic acid (vitamin C) in the brain of knockout mouse models of Na+,K+-ATPase-related neurologic disorders. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0246678. [PMID: 33544780 PMCID: PMC7864419 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0246678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Na+,K+-ATPase is a crucial protein responsible for maintaining the electrochemical gradients across the cell membrane. The Na+,K+-ATPase is comprised of catalytic α, β, and γ subunits. In adult brains, the α3 subunit, encoded by ATP1A3, is predominantly expressed in neurons, whereas the α2 subunit, encoded by ATP1A2, is expressed in glial cells. In foetal brains, the α2 is expressed in neurons as well. Mutations in α subunits cause a variety of neurologic disorders. Notably, the onset of symptoms in ATP1A2- and ATP1A3-related neurologic disorders is usually triggered by physiological or psychological stressors. To gain insight into the distinct roles of the α2 and α3 subunits in the developing foetal brain, whose developmental dysfunction may be a predisposing factor of neurologic disorders, we compared the phenotypes of mouse foetuses with double homozygous knockout of Atp1a2 and Atp1a3 (α2α3-dKO) to those with single knockout. The brain haemorrhage phenotype of α2α3-dKO was similar to that of homozygous knockout of the gene encoding ascorbic acid (ASC or vitamin C) transporter, SVCT2. The α2α3-dKO brain showed significantly decreased level of ASC compared with the wild-type (WT) and single knockout. We found that the ASC content in the basal ganglia and cerebellum was significantly lower in the adult Atp1a3 heterozygous knockout mouse (α3-HT) than in the WT. Interestingly, we observed a significant decrease in the ASC level in the basal ganglia and cerebellum of α3-HT in the peripartum period, during which mice are under physiological stress. These observations indicate that the α2 and α3 subunits independently contribute to the ASC level in the foetal brain and that the α3 subunit contributes to ASC transport in the adult basal ganglia and cerebellum. We propose that decreases in ASC levels may affect neural network development and are linked to the pathophysiology of ATP1A2- and ATP1A3-related neurologic disorders.
Collapse
|
8
|
Panagiotakaki E, Arzimanoglou A. Brain volumetrics in alternating hemiplegia of childhood. Eur J Paediatr Neurol 2020; 26:1. [PMID: 32376083 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpn.2020.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Panagiotakaki
- Department of Paediatric Clinical Epileptology, Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology, Coordinator of French Node of the International AHC Consortium and of the ERN on Rare and Complex Epilepsies EpiCARE, University Hospitals of Lyon (HCL), Lyon, France.
| | - Alexis Arzimanoglou
- Department of Paediatric Clinical Epileptology, Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology, Coordinator of French Node of the International AHC Consortium and of the ERN on Rare and Complex Epilepsies EpiCARE, University Hospitals of Lyon (HCL), Lyon, France.
| |
Collapse
|