1
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Soto-Piña AE, Pulido-Alvarado CC, Dulski J, Wszolek ZK, Magaña JJ. Specific Biomarkers in Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 3: A Systematic Review of Their Potential Uses in Disease Staging and Treatment Assessment. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8074. [PMID: 39125644 PMCID: PMC11311810 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25158074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2024] [Revised: 07/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 (SCA3) is the most common type of disease related to poly-glutamine (polyQ) repeats. Its hallmark pathology is related to the abnormal accumulation of ataxin 3 with a longer polyQ tract (polyQ-ATXN3). However, there are other mechanisms related to SCA3 progression that require identifying trait and state biomarkers for a more accurate diagnosis and prognosis. Moreover, the identification of potential pharmacodynamic targets and assessment of therapeutic efficacy necessitates valid biomarker profiles. The aim of this review was to identify potential trait and state biomarkers and their potential value in clinical trials. Our results show that, in SCA3, there are different fluid biomarkers involved in neurodegeneration, oxidative stress, metabolism, miRNA and novel genes. However, neurofilament light chain NfL and polyQ-ATXN3 stand out as the most prevalent in body fluids and SCA3 stages. A heterogeneity analysis of NfL revealed that it may be a valuable state biomarker, particularly when measured in plasma. Nonetheless, since it could be a more beneficial approach to tracking SCA3 progression and clinical trial efficacy, it is more convenient to perform a biomarker profile evaluation than to rely on only one.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra E. Soto-Piña
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Toluca 50180, Mexico; (A.E.S.-P.); (C.C.P.-A.)
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Caroline C. Pulido-Alvarado
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Toluca 50180, Mexico; (A.E.S.-P.); (C.C.P.-A.)
| | - Jaroslaw Dulski
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA;
- Division of Neurological and Psychiatric Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland
- Neurology Department, St Adalbert Hospital, Copernicus PL Ltd., 80-462 Gdansk, Poland
| | | | - Jonathan J. Magaña
- Department of Genomic Medicine, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación—Luis Guillermo Ibarra, Ibarra, Ciudad de México 14389, Mexico;
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Campus Ciudad de México, Ciudad de México 14380, Mexico
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2
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Raghunathan N, Sankaran S, Miteu GD. A comprehensive review of iPS cell line-based disease modelling of the polyglutamine spinocerebellar ataxias 2 and 3: a focus on the research outcomes. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2024; 86:3487-3498. [PMID: 38846892 PMCID: PMC11152827 DOI: 10.1097/ms9.0000000000001984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Spinocerebellar ataxias (SCAs) are a rare autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disorder. To date, approximately 50 different subtypes of SCAs have been characterized. The prevalent types of SCAs are usually of PolyQ origin, wherein the disease pathology is a consequence of multiple glutamine residues being encoded onto the disease proteins, causing expansions. SCAs 2 and 3 are the most frequently diagnosed subtypes, wherein affected patients exhibit certain characteristic physiological manifestations, such as gait ataxia and dysarthria. Nevertheless, other clinical signs were exclusive to these subtypes. Recently, multiple molecular diagnostic methods have been developed to identify and characterize these subtypes. Despite these advancements, the molecular pathology of SCAs remains unknown. To further understand the mechanisms involved in neurodegenerative SCAs 2 and 3, patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-based modelling is a compelling avenue to pursue. We cover the present state of iPSC-based in-vitro illness modelling of SCA subtypes 2 and 3 below, along with a list of cell lines created, and the relevance of research outcomes to personalized autologous therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Goshen D. Miteu
- School of Biosciences, Biotechnology, University of Nottingham, England, UK
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Caleb University, Lagos, Nigeria
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3
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Raposo M, Hübener-Schmid J, Tagett R, Ferreira AF, Vieira Melo AR, Vasconcelos J, Pires P, Kay T, Garcia-Moreno H, Giunti P, Santana MM, Pereira de Almeida L, Infante J, van de Warrenburg BP, de Vries JJ, Faber J, Klockgether T, Casadei N, Admard J, Schöls L, Riess O, Costa MDC, Lima M. Blood and cerebellar abundance of ATXN3 splice variants in spinocerebellar ataxia type 3/Machado-Joseph disease. Neurobiol Dis 2024; 193:106456. [PMID: 38423193 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2024.106456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 (SCA3)/Machado-Joseph disease (MJD) is a heritable proteinopathy disorder, whose causative gene, ATXN3, undergoes alternative splicing. Ataxin-3 protein isoforms differ in their toxicity, suggesting that certain ATXN3 splice variants may be crucial in driving the selective toxicity in SCA3. Using RNA-seq datasets we identified and determined the abundance of annotated ATXN3 transcripts in blood (n = 60) and cerebellum (n = 12) of SCA3 subjects and controls. The reference transcript (ATXN3-251), translating into an ataxin-3 isoform harbouring three ubiquitin-interacting motifs (UIMs), showed the highest abundance in blood, while the most abundant transcript in the cerebellum (ATXN3-208) was of unclear function. Noteworthy, two of the four transcripts that encode full-length ataxin-3 isoforms but differ in the C-terminus were strongly related with tissue expression specificity: ATXN3-251 (3UIM) was expressed in blood 50-fold more than in the cerebellum, whereas ATXN3-214 (2UIM) was expressed in the cerebellum 20-fold more than in the blood. These findings shed light on ATXN3 alternative splicing, aiding in the comprehension of SCA3 pathogenesis and providing guidance in the design of future ATXN3 mRNA-lowering therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mafalda Raposo
- IBMC - Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade dos Açores, Ponta Delgada, Portugal.
| | - Jeannette Hübener-Schmid
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Centre for Rare Diseases, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Rebecca Tagett
- Bioinformatics Core, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Ana F Ferreira
- Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade dos Açores, Ponta Delgada, Portugal
| | - Ana Rosa Vieira Melo
- Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade dos Açores, Ponta Delgada, Portugal
| | - João Vasconcelos
- Serviço de Neurologia, Hospital do Divino Espírito Santo, Ponta Delgada, Portugal
| | - Paula Pires
- Serviço de Neurologia, Hospital do Santo Espírito da Ilha Terceira, Angra do Heroísmo, Portugal
| | - Teresa Kay
- Serviço de Genética Clínica, Hospital D. Estefânia, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Hector Garcia-Moreno
- Ataxia Centre, Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK; Department of Neurogenetics, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Paola Giunti
- Ataxia Centre, Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK; Department of Neurogenetics, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Magda M Santana
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra (IIIUC), Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Luis Pereira de Almeida
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra (FFUC), Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Jon Infante
- Neurology Service, University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla-IDIVAL, Universidad de Cantabria, Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Santander, Spain
| | - Bart P van de Warrenburg
- Radboud University Medical Centre, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Department of Neurology, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Jeroen J de Vries
- Department of Neurology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Jennifer Faber
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Thomas Klockgether
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Nicolas Casadei
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; NGS Competence Center Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jakob Admard
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; NGS Competence Center Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ludger Schöls
- Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center for Neurology, University of Tübingen, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Olaf Riess
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Centre for Rare Diseases, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; NGS Competence Center Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Maria do Carmo Costa
- Department of Neurology, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Manuela Lima
- Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade dos Açores, Ponta Delgada, Portugal.
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4
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Yabe I. [Recent clinical advances in hereditary spinocerebellar degeneration]. Rinsho Shinkeigaku 2024; 64:135-147. [PMID: 38382935 DOI: 10.5692/clinicalneurol.cn-001931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Spinocerebellar degeneration (SCD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by cerebellar ataxia and other multisystem manifestations, such as Parkinsonism and pyramidal tract symptoms. No effective treatment is available for SCD. Approximately one-third of the cases of SCD are inherited, and the remaining two-third are sporadic, including multiple system atrophy. This article provides an overview of hereditary SCD, its clinical features, recent treatment advances, biomarkers, role of genomic medicine, and future treatment prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ichiro Yabe
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University
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5
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Chiu C, Cheng W, Lin Y, Lin T, Chang H, Chang Y, Lee C, Chang H, Liu C. A pilot study: handgrip as a predictor in the disease progression of SCA3. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2023; 18:317. [PMID: 37817286 PMCID: PMC10565987 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-023-02948-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 (SCA3) is an inherited, autosomal, and rare neurodegenerative disease. Serum/plasma biomarkers or functional magnetic resonance imaging used to assess progression, except for neurological examinations, is either inconvenient or expensive. Handgrip strength (HGS) may be considered as a biomarker to predict the progress of SCA3 and align with the alteration of plasma neurofilament light chain (NfL) and Scale for the Assessment and Rating of Ataxia (SARA). METHODS Patients with SCA3 and healthy subjects were recruited from Changhua Christian Hospital. SARA, body mass index (BMI), and NfL were obtained for both groups. HGS was measured using a Jamar Plus + hand dynamometer. RESULTS This study recruited 31 patients and 36 controls. HGS in the SCA3 group revealed a profound decrease (P < 0.001) compared with normal subjects. HGS also had a negative correlation with SARA (r = - 0.548, P = 0.001), NfL (r = - 0.359, P = 0.048), and a positive correlation with BMI (r = 0.680, P < 0.001). Moreover, HGS/BMI ratio correlated with SARA (r = - 0.441, P = 0.013). Controlling for gender and age, HGS still correlated with the above clinical items. The initial hypothesis was also proved in SCA3 84Q transgenic mice, showing grip strength weakness compared to normal mice. CONCLUSIONS HGS can be an alternative tool to assess the clinical severity of SCA3. Further research is needed to investigate the underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chungmin Chiu
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Wenling Cheng
- Vascular and Genomic Center, Institute of ATP, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Yongshiou Lin
- Vascular and Genomic Center, Institute of ATP, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Tatsung Lin
- Vascular and Genomic Center, Institute of ATP, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Huiju Chang
- Center of Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Repair, Institute of ATP, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Yujun Chang
- Big Data Center, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Chiaju Lee
- Department of Neurology, Changhua Christian Hospital, 7F., No.235, Syuguang Rd., Changhua, 500, Taiwan
| | - Henhong Chang
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
- Department of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, No.91, Xueshi Rd., North District, Taichung, 404, Taiwan.
- Chinese Medicine Research Center, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
| | - Chinsan Liu
- Vascular and Genomic Center, Institute of ATP, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan.
- Department of Neurology, Changhua Christian Hospital, 7F., No.235, Syuguang Rd., Changhua, 500, Taiwan.
- Department of Post-Baccalaureate Medicine, College of Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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6
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TR-FRET-Based Immunoassay to Measure Ataxin-2 as a Target Engagement Marker in Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 2. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:3553-3567. [PMID: 36894829 PMCID: PMC10122633 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03294-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
Spinocerebellar ataxia type 2 (SCA2) is an autosomal dominantly inherited neurodegenerative disease, which belongs to the trinucleotide repeat disease group with a CAG repeat expansion in exon 1 of the ATXN2 gene resulting in an ataxin-2 protein with an expanded polyglutamine (polyQ)-stretch. The disease is late manifesting leading to early death. Today, therapeutic interventions to cure the disease or even to decelerate disease progression are not available yet. Furthermore, primary readout parameter for disease progression and therapeutic intervention studies are limited. Thus, there is an urgent need for quantifiable molecular biomarkers such as ataxin-2 becoming even more important due to numerous potential protein-lowering therapeutic intervention strategies. The aim of this study was to establish a sensitive technique to measure the amount of soluble polyQ-expanded ataxin-2 in human biofluids to evaluate ataxin-2 protein levels as prognostic and/or therapeutic biomarker in SCA2. Time-resolved fluorescence energy transfer (TR-FRET) was used to establish a polyQ-expanded ataxin-2-specific immunoassay. Two different ataxin-2 antibodies and two different polyQ-binding antibodies were validated in three different concentrations and tested in cellular and animal tissue as well as in human cell lines, comparing different buffer conditions to evaluate the best assay conditions. We established a TR-FRET-based immunoassay for soluble polyQ-expanded ataxin-2 and validated measurements in human cell lines including iPSC-derived cortical neurons. Additionally, our immunoassay was sensitive enough to monitor small ataxin-2 expression changes by siRNA or starvation treatment. We successfully established the first sensitive ataxin-2 immunoassay to measure specifically soluble polyQ-expanded ataxin-2 in human biomaterials.
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7
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Helm J, Schöls L, Hauser S. Towards Personalized Allele-Specific Antisense Oligonucleotide Therapies for Toxic Gain-of-Function Neurodegenerative Diseases. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14081708. [PMID: 36015334 PMCID: PMC9416334 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14081708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) are single-stranded nucleic acid strings that can be used to selectively modify protein synthesis by binding complementary (pre-)mRNA sequences. By specific arrangements of DNA and RNA into a chain of nucleic acids and additional modifications of the backbone, sugar, and base, the specificity and functionality of the designed ASOs can be adjusted. Thereby cellular uptake, toxicity, and nuclease resistance, as well as binding affinity and specificity to its target (pre-)mRNA, can be modified. Several neurodegenerative diseases are caused by autosomal dominant toxic gain-of-function mutations, which lead to toxic protein products driving disease progression. ASOs targeting such mutations—or even more comprehensively, associated variants, such as single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs)—promise a selective degradation of the mutant (pre-)mRNA while sparing the wild type allele. By this approach, protein expression from the wild type strand is preserved, and side effects from an unselective knockdown of both alleles can be prevented. This makes allele-specific targeting strategies a focus for future personalized therapies. Here, we provide an overview of current strategies to develop personalized, allele-specific ASO therapies for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, such Huntington’s disease (HD) and spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 (SCA3/MJD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Helm
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Neurology, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Graduate School of Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ludger Schöls
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Neurology, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Stefan Hauser
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Neurology, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Correspondence:
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8
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Wilbertz JH, Frappier J, Muller S, Gratzer S, Englaro W, Stanek LM, Calamini B. Time-resolved FRET screening identifies small molecular modifiers of mutant Huntingtin conformational inflexibility in patient-derived cells. SLAS DISCOVERY : ADVANCING LIFE SCIENCES R & D 2022; 27:219-228. [PMID: 35058188 DOI: 10.1016/j.slasd.2021.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is the most common monogenic neurodegenerative disease and is fatal. CAG repeat expansions in mutant Huntingtin (mHTT) exon 1 encode for polyglutamine (polyQ) stretches and influence age of onset and disease severity, depending on their length. mHTT is more structured compared to wild-type (wt) HTT, resulting in a decreased N-terminal conformational flexibility. mHTT inflexibility may contribute to both gain of function toxicity, due to increased mHTT aggregation propensity, but also to loss of function phenotypes, due to decreased interactions with binding partners. High-throughput-screening techniques to identify mHTT flexibility states and potential flexibility modifying small molecules are currently lacking. Here, we propose a novel approach for identifying small molecules that restore mHTT's conformational flexibility in human patient fibroblasts. We have applied a well-established antibody-based time-resolved Förster resonance energy transfer (TR-FRET) immunoassay, which measures endogenous HTT flexibility using two validated HTT-specific antibodies, to a high-throughput screening platform. By performing a small-scale compound screen, we identified several small molecules that can partially rescue mHTT inflexibility, presumably by altering HTT post-translational modifications. Thus, we demonstrated that the HTT TR-FRET immunoassay can be miniaturized and applied to a compound screening workflow in patient cells. This automated assay can now be used in large screening campaigns to identify previously unknown HD drugs and drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Lisa M Stanek
- Sanofi Rare and Neurological Diseases, Framingham, MA, United States
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9
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Breuer P, Rasche T, Han X, Faber J, Haustein K, Klockgether T, Wüllner U. The Ratio of Expanded to Normal Ataxin 3 in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells Correlates with the Age at Onset in Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 3. Mov Disord 2022; 37:1098-1099. [DOI: 10.1002/mds.28962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Breuer
- Department of Neurology University of Bonn Bonn Germany
| | - Tim Rasche
- Department of Neurology University of Bonn Bonn Germany
| | - Xinyu Han
- Department of Neurology University of Bonn Bonn Germany
| | | | | | - Thomas Klockgether
- Department of Neurology University of Bonn Bonn Germany
- DZNE Bonn Germany
| | - Ullrich Wüllner
- Department of Neurology University of Bonn Bonn Germany
- DZNE Bonn Germany
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10
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Hübener-Schmid J, Kuhlbrodt K, Peladan J, Faber J, Santana MM, Hengel H, Jacobi H, Reetz K, Garcia-Moreno H, Raposo M, van Gaalen J, Infante J, Steiner KM, de Vries J, Verbeek MM, Giunti P, Pereira de Almeida L, Lima M, van de Warrenburg B, Schöls L, Klockgether T, Synofzik M, Riess O. Polyglutamine-Expanded Ataxin-3: A Target Engagement Marker for Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 3 in Peripheral Blood. Mov Disord 2021; 36:2675-2681. [PMID: 34397117 DOI: 10.1002/mds.28749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 is a rare neurodegenerative disease caused by a CAG repeat expansion in the ataxin-3 gene. Although no curative therapy is yet available, preclinical gene-silencing approaches to reduce polyglutamine (polyQ) toxicity demonstrate promising results. In view of upcoming clinical trials, quantitative and easily accessible molecular markers are of critical importance as pharmacodynamic and particularly as target engagement markers. OBJECTIVE We aimed at developing an ultrasensitive immunoassay to measure specifically polyQ-expanded ataxin-3 in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). METHODS Using the novel single molecule counting ataxin-3 immunoassay, we analyzed cross-sectional and longitudinal patient biomaterials. RESULTS Statistical analyses revealed a correlation with clinical parameters and a stability of polyQ-expanded ataxin-3 during conversion from the pre-ataxic to the ataxic phases. CONCLUSIONS The novel immunoassay is able to quantify polyQ-expanded ataxin-3 in plasma and CSF, whereas ataxin-3 levels in plasma correlate with disease severity. Longitudinal analyses demonstrated a high stability of polyQ-expanded ataxin-3 over a short period. © 2021 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeannette Hübener-Schmid
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Centre for Rare Diseases, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | | | - Jennifer Faber
- DZNE, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bonn, Germany.,Department of Neurology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Magda M Santana
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Center for Innovation in Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,IIIUC-Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Holger Hengel
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,German Centre for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Heike Jacobi
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kathrin Reetz
- Department of Neurology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.,JARA-Brain Institute Molecular Neuroscience and Neuroimaging, Jülich, Germany
| | - Hector Garcia-Moreno
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neuroscience, Ataxia Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Neurogenetics, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Mafalda Raposo
- Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade dos Açores, Ponta Delgada, Portugal & Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Judith van Gaalen
- Department of Neurology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jon Infante
- Service of Neurology, University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla (IDIVAL), University of Cantabria (UC), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Santander, Spain
| | - Katharina M Steiner
- Department of Neurology, Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences, Essen University Hospital, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Jeroen de Vries
- Department of Neurology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel M Verbeek
- Department of Neurology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Paola Giunti
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neuroscience, Ataxia Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Neurogenetics, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Luis Pereira de Almeida
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Center for Innovation in Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Manuela Lima
- Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade dos Açores, Ponta Delgada, Portugal & Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Bart van de Warrenburg
- Department of Neurology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Ludger Schöls
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,German Centre for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Thomas Klockgether
- DZNE, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bonn, Germany.,Department of Neurology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Matthis Synofzik
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,German Centre for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Olaf Riess
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Centre for Rare Diseases, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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11
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Chen ML, Lin CC, Rosenthal LS, Opal P, Kuo SH. Rating scales and biomarkers for CAG-repeat spinocerebellar ataxias: Implications for therapy development. J Neurol Sci 2021; 424:117417. [PMID: 33836316 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2021.117417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Spinocerebellar ataxias (SCAs) are a group of dominantly-inherited cerebellar ataxias, among which CAG expansion-related SCAs are most common. These diseases have very high penetrance with defined disease progression, and emerging therapies are being developed to provide either symptomatic or disease-modifying benefits. In clinical trial design, it is crucial to incorporate biomarkers to test target engagement or track disease progression in response to therapies, especially in rare diseases such as SCAs. In this article, we review the available rating scales and recent advances of biomarkers in CAG-repeat SCAs. We divided biomarkers into neuroimaging, body fluid, and physiological studies. Understanding the utility of each biomarker will facilitate the design of robust clinical trials to advance therapies for SCAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Ling Chen
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; Initiative for Columbia Ataxia and Tremor, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Chih-Chun Lin
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; Initiative for Columbia Ataxia and Tremor, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Liana S Rosenthal
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Puneet Opal
- Davee Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sheng-Han Kuo
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; Initiative for Columbia Ataxia and Tremor, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
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