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Cheng CY, Yamashiro K, Chen LJ, Ahn J, Huang L, Huang L, Cheung CMG, Miyake M, Cackett PD, Yeo IY, Laude A, Mathur R, Pang J, Sim KS, Koh AH, Chen P, Lee SY, Wong D, Chan CM, Loh BK, Sun Y, Davila S, Nakata I, Nakanishi H, Akagi-Kurashige Y, Gotoh N, Tsujikawa A, Matsuda F, Mori K, Yoneya S, Sakurada Y, Iijima H, Iida T, Honda S, Lai TYY, Tam POS, Chen H, Tang S, Ding X, Wen F, Lu F, Zhang X, Shi Y, Zhao P, Zhao B, Sang J, Gong B, Dorajoo R, Yuan JM, Koh WP, van Dam RM, Friedlander Y, Lin Y, Hibberd ML, Foo JN, Wang N, Wong CH, Tan GS, Park SJ, Bhargava M, Gopal L, Naing T, Liao J, Ong PG, Mitchell P, Zhou P, Xie X, Liang J, Mei J, Jin X, Saw SM, Ozaki M, Mizoguchi T, Kurimoto Y, Woo SJ, Chung H, Yu HG, Shin JY, Park DH, Kim IT, Chang W, Sagong M, Lee SJ, Kim HW, Lee JE, Li Y, Liu J, Teo YY, Heng CK, Lim TH, Yang SK, Song K, Vithana EN, Aung T, Bei JX, Zeng YX, Tai ES, Li XX, Yang Z, Park KH, Pang CP, Yoshimura N, Wong TY, Khor CC. New loci and coding variants confer risk for age-related macular degeneration in East Asians. Nat Commun 2015; 6:6063. [PMID: 25629512 PMCID: PMC4317498 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms7063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2014] [Accepted: 12/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a major cause of blindness, but presents differently in Europeans and Asians. Here, we perform a genome-wide and exome-wide association study on 2,119 patients with exudative AMD and 5,691 controls, with independent replication in 4,226 patients and 10,289 controls, all of East Asian descent, as part of The Genetics of AMD in Asians (GAMA) Consortium. We find a strong association between CETP Asp442Gly (rs2303790), an East Asian-specific mutation, and increased risk of AMD (odds ratio (OR)=1.70, P=5.60 × 10−22). The AMD risk allele (442Gly), known to protect from coronary heart disease, increases HDL cholesterol levels by 0.17 mmol l−1 (P=5.82 × 10−21) in East Asians (n=7,102). We also identify three novel AMD loci: C6orf223 Ala231Ala (OR=0.78, P=6.19 × 10−18), SLC44A4 Asp47Val (OR=1.27, P=1.08 × 10−11) and FGD6 Gln257Arg (OR=0.87, P=2.85 × 10−8). Our findings suggest that some of the genetic loci conferring AMD susceptibility in East Asians are shared with Europeans, yet AMD in East Asians may also have a distinct genetic signature. Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a major cause of blindness worldwide. Here, the authors carry out a two-stage genome-wide association study for AMD and identify three new AMD risk loci, highlighting the shared and distinct genetic basis of the disease in East Asians and Europeans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Yu Cheng
- 1] Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore 169856, Singapore [2] Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, National University of Singapore, Singapore 169857, Singapore [3] Department of Ophthalmology, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore 119228, Singapore [4] Singapore National Eye Center, Singapore 168751, Singapore
| | - Kenji Yamashiro
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 6068507, Japan
| | - Li Jia Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jeeyun Ahn
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul Metropolitan Government Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul 156-707, Korea
| | - Lulin Huang
- 1] Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Hospital of the University of Electronic Science and Technology of China and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu 610072, China [2] School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Lvzhen Huang
- 1] Key Laboratory of Vision Loss and Restoration, Ministry of Education of China, Beijing 100044, China [2] Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Retinal and Choroid Diseases, Beijing 100871, China [3] Department of Ophthalmology, People's Hospital, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Chui Ming G Cheung
- 1] Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore 169856, Singapore [2] Singapore National Eye Center, Singapore 168751, Singapore
| | - Masahiro Miyake
- 1] Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 6068507, Japan [2] Center for Genomic Medicine/Inserm U.852, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 6068507, Japan
| | - Peter D Cackett
- 1] Singapore National Eye Center, Singapore 168751, Singapore [2] Princess Alexandra Eye Pavilion, Edinburgh EH3 9HA, UK
| | - Ian Y Yeo
- Singapore National Eye Center, Singapore 168751, Singapore
| | - Augustinus Laude
- 1] Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore 169856, Singapore [2] National Healthcare Group Eye Institute, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore 308433, Singapore
| | - Ranjana Mathur
- Singapore National Eye Center, Singapore 168751, Singapore
| | - Junxiong Pang
- Division of Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore 138672, Singapore
| | - Kar Seng Sim
- Division of Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore 138672, Singapore
| | - Adrian H Koh
- 1] Singapore National Eye Center, Singapore 168751, Singapore [2] Eye and Retinal Surgeons, Camden Medical Centre, Singapore 248649, Singapore
| | - Peng Chen
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore 117549, Singapore
| | - Shu Yen Lee
- Singapore National Eye Center, Singapore 168751, Singapore
| | - Doric Wong
- Singapore National Eye Center, Singapore 168751, Singapore
| | - Choi Mun Chan
- Singapore National Eye Center, Singapore 168751, Singapore
| | - Boon Kwang Loh
- Singapore National Eye Center, Singapore 168751, Singapore
| | - Yaoyao Sun
- 1] Key Laboratory of Vision Loss and Restoration, Ministry of Education of China, Beijing 100044, China [2] Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Retinal and Choroid Diseases, Beijing 100871, China [3] Department of Ophthalmology, People's Hospital, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Sonia Davila
- 1] Department of Ophthalmology, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore 119228, Singapore [2] Division of Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore 138672, Singapore
| | - Isao Nakata
- 1] Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 6068507, Japan [2] Center for Genomic Medicine/Inserm U.852, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 6068507, Japan
| | - Hideo Nakanishi
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 6068507, Japan
| | - Yumiko Akagi-Kurashige
- 1] Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 6068507, Japan [2] Center for Genomic Medicine/Inserm U.852, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 6068507, Japan
| | - Norimoto Gotoh
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 6068507, Japan
| | - Akitaka Tsujikawa
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 6068507, Japan
| | - Fumihiko Matsuda
- Center for Genomic Medicine/Inserm U.852, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 6068507, Japan
| | - Keisuke Mori
- Department of Ophthalmology, Saitama Medical University, Iruma 3500495, Japan
| | - Shin Yoneya
- Department of Ophthalmology, Saitama Medical University, Iruma 3500495, Japan
| | - Yoichi Sakurada
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi 4093898, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Iijima
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi 4093898, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Iida
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tokyo Women's Medical University Hospital, Tokyo 1628666, Japan
| | - Shigeru Honda
- Department of Surgery, Division of Ophthalmology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 6500017, Japan
| | - Timothy Yuk Yau Lai
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Pancy Oi Sin Tam
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Haoyu Chen
- 1] Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China [2] Shantou University/Chinese University of Hong Kong Joint Shantou International Eye Center, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Shibo Tang
- 1] Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China [2] Aier School of Ophthalmology, Central South University, Changsha 410000, China
| | - Xiaoyan Ding
- Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Feng Wen
- Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Fang Lu
- 1] Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Hospital of the University of Electronic Science and Technology of China and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu 610072, China [2] School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Xiongze Zhang
- Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Yi Shi
- 1] Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Hospital of the University of Electronic Science and Technology of China and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu 610072, China [2] School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Peiquan Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xin Hua Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Bowen Zhao
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Jinghong Sang
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Bo Gong
- 1] Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Hospital of the University of Electronic Science and Technology of China and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu 610072, China [2] School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Rajkumar Dorajoo
- Division of Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore 138672, Singapore
| | - Jian-Min Yuan
- 1] Cancer Control and Population Sciences, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA [2] Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA
| | - Woon-Puay Koh
- 1] Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, National University of Singapore, Singapore 169857, Singapore [2] Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore 117549, Singapore
| | - Rob M van Dam
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore 117549, Singapore
| | | | - Ying Lin
- 1] Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Hospital of the University of Electronic Science and Technology of China and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu 610072, China [2] School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Martin L Hibberd
- Division of Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore 138672, Singapore
| | - Jia Nee Foo
- Division of Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore 138672, Singapore
| | - Ningli Wang
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Chang Hua Wong
- Division of Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore 138672, Singapore
| | - Gavin S Tan
- Singapore National Eye Center, Singapore 168751, Singapore
| | - Sang Jun Park
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Gyeonggi 463-707, Korea
| | - Mayuri Bhargava
- 1] Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore 169856, Singapore [2] Department of Ophthalmology, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore 119228, Singapore
| | - Lingam Gopal
- Department of Ophthalmology, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore 119228, Singapore
| | - Thet Naing
- Department of Ophthalmology, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore 119228, Singapore
| | - Jiemin Liao
- 1] Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore 169856, Singapore [2] Department of Ophthalmology, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore 119228, Singapore
| | - Peng Guan Ong
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore 169856, Singapore
| | - Paul Mitchell
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Sydney and Westmead Millennium Institute, Sydney 2145, Australia
| | - Peng Zhou
- Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | | | | | - Junpu Mei
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Xin Jin
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Seang-Mei Saw
- 1] Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore 169856, Singapore [2] Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, National University of Singapore, Singapore 169857, Singapore [3] Department of Ophthalmology, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore 119228, Singapore [4] Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore 117549, Singapore
| | | | | | - Yasuo Kurimoto
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kobe City General Hospital, Kobe 6500046, Japan
| | - Se Joon Woo
- 1] Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Gyeonggi 463-707, Korea [2] Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-744, Korea
| | - Hum Chung
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-744, Korea
| | - Hyeong-Gon Yu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-744, Korea
| | - Joo Young Shin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-744, Korea
| | - Dong Ho Park
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 700-721, Korea
| | - In Taek Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 700-721, Korea
| | - Woohyok Chang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu 705-802, Korea
| | - Min Sagong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu 705-802, Korea
| | - Sang-Joon Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, Kosin University, Pusan 606-701, Korea
| | - Hyun Woong Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Pusan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Pusan 614-735, Korea
| | - Ji Eun Lee
- 1] Department of Ophthalmology, Pusan National University Hospital, Pusan 602-739, Korea [2] Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University, Pusan 602-739, Korea
| | - Yi Li
- Division of Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore 138672, Singapore
| | - Jianjun Liu
- 1] Division of Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore 138672, Singapore [2] Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore 117549, Singapore
| | - Yik Ying Teo
- 1] Division of Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore 138672, Singapore [2] Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore 117549, Singapore
| | - Chew Kiat Heng
- Department of Pediatrics, National University Health System and National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore
| | - Tock Han Lim
- National Healthcare Group Eye Institute, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore 308433, Singapore
| | - Suk-Kyun Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Medical Center and University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 138-736, Korea
| | - Kyuyoung Song
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 138-736, Korea
| | - Eranga N Vithana
- 1] Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore 169856, Singapore [2] Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, National University of Singapore, Singapore 169857, Singapore [3] Department of Ophthalmology, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore 119228, Singapore
| | - Tin Aung
- 1] Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore 169856, Singapore [2] Department of Ophthalmology, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore 119228, Singapore [3] Singapore National Eye Center, Singapore 168751, Singapore
| | - Jin Xin Bei
- 1] State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Guangzhou 510060, China [2] Department of Experimental Research, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Yi Xin Zeng
- 1] State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Guangzhou 510060, China [2] Department of Experimental Research, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510080, China [3] Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing 100730, China
| | - E Shyong Tai
- 1] Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, National University of Singapore, Singapore 169857, Singapore [2] Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore 117549, Singapore [3] Department of Medicine, National University Health System and National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore
| | - Xiao Xin Li
- 1] Key Laboratory of Vision Loss and Restoration, Ministry of Education of China, Beijing 100044, China [2] Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Retinal and Choroid Diseases, Beijing 100871, China [3] Department of Ophthalmology, People's Hospital, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhenglin Yang
- 1] Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Hospital of the University of Electronic Science and Technology of China and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu 610072, China [2] School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Kyu-Hyung Park
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Gyeonggi 463-707, Korea
| | - Chi Pui Pang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Nagahisa Yoshimura
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 6068507, Japan
| | - Tien Yin Wong
- 1] Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore 169856, Singapore [2] Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, National University of Singapore, Singapore 169857, Singapore [3] Department of Ophthalmology, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore 119228, Singapore [4] Singapore National Eye Center, Singapore 168751, Singapore
| | - Chiea Chuen Khor
- 1] Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore 169856, Singapore [2] Division of Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore 138672, Singapore [3] Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore 117549, Singapore
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