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Novel nanopolymer RNA therapeutics normalize human diabetic corneal wound healing and epithelial stem cells. NANOMEDICINE : NANOTECHNOLOGY, BIOLOGY, AND MEDICINE 2021; 32:102332. [PMID: 33181273 PMCID: PMC8107190 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2020.102332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Human diabetic corneas develop delayed wound healing, epithelial stem cell dysfunction, recurrent erosions, and keratitis. Adenoviral gene therapy modulating c-Met, cathepsin F and MMP-10 normalized wound healing and epithelial stem cells in organ-cultured diabetic corneas but showed toxicity in stem cell-enriched cultured limbal epithelial cells (LECs). For a safer treatment, we engineered a novel nanobiopolymer (NBC) that carried antisense oligonucleotide (AON) RNA therapeutics suppressing cathepsin F or MMP-10, and miR-409-3p that inhibits c-Met. NBC was internalized by LECs through transferrin receptor (TfR)-mediated endocytosis, inhibited cathepsin F or MMP-10 and upregulated c-Met. Non-toxic NBC modulating c-Met and cathepsin F accelerated wound healing in diabetic LECs and organ-cultured corneas vs. control NBC. NBC treatment normalized levels of stem cell markers (keratins 15 and 17, ABCG2, and ΔNp63), and signaling mediators (p-EGFR, p-Akt and p-p38). Non-toxic nano RNA therapeutics thus present a safe alternative to viral gene therapy for normalizing diabetic corneal cells.
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Latta L, Ludwig N, Krammes L, Stachon T, Fries FN, Mukwaya A, Szentmáry N, Seitz B, Wowra B, Kahraman M, Keller A, Meese E, Lagali N, Käsmann-Kellner B. Abnormal neovascular and proliferative conjunctival phenotype in limbal stem cell deficiency is associated with altered microRNA and gene expression modulated by PAX6 mutational status in congenital aniridia. Ocul Surf 2020; 19:115-127. [PMID: 32422284 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtos.2020.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate conjunctival cell microRNA (miRNAs) and mRNA expression in relation to observed phenotype of progressive limbal stem cell deficiency in a cohort of subjects with congenital aniridia with known genetic status. METHODS Using impression cytology, bulbar conjunctival cells were sampled from 20 subjects with congenital aniridia and 20 age and sex-matched healthy control subjects. RNA was extracted and miRNA and mRNA analyses were performed using microarrays. Results were related to severity of keratopathy and genetic cause of aniridia. RESULTS Of 2549 miRNAs, 21 were differentially expressed in aniridia relative to controls (fold change ≤ -1.5 or ≥ +1.5). Among these miR-204-5p, an inhibitor of corneal neovascularization, was downregulated 26.8-fold in severely vascularized corneas. At the mRNA level, 539 transcripts were differentially expressed (fold change ≤ -2 or ≥ +2), among these FOSB and FOS were upregulated 17.5 and 9.7-fold respectively, and JUN by 2.9-fold, all being components of the AP-1 transcription factor complex. Pathway analysis revealed enrichment of PI3K-Akt, MAPK, and Ras signaling pathways in aniridia. For several miRNAs and transcripts regulating retinoic acid metabolism, expression levels correlated with keratopathy severity and genetic status. CONCLUSION Strong dysregulation of key factors at the miRNA and mRNA level suggests that the conjunctiva in aniridia is abnormally maintained in a pro-angiogenic and proliferative state, and these changes are expressed in a PAX6 mutation-dependent manner. Additionally, retinoic acid metabolism is disrupted in severe, but not mild forms of the limbal stem cell deficiency in aniridia.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Latta
- Department of Ophthalmology, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Saar, Germany.
| | - N Ludwig
- Department of Human Genetics, Saarland University, Homburg, Saar, Germany; Center for Human and Molecular Biology, Saarland University, Homburg, Saar, Germany
| | - L Krammes
- Department of Human Genetics, Saarland University, Homburg, Saar, Germany
| | - T Stachon
- Department of Ophthalmology, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Saar, Germany
| | - F N Fries
- Department of Ophthalmology, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Saar, Germany
| | - A Mukwaya
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - N Szentmáry
- Department of Ophthalmology, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Saar, Germany; Department of Ophthalmology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - B Seitz
- Department of Ophthalmology, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Saar, Germany
| | - B Wowra
- Chair and Clinical Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Poland
| | - M Kahraman
- Chair for Clinical Bioinformatics, Saarland University, Saarbruecken, Germany
| | - A Keller
- Chair for Clinical Bioinformatics, Saarland University, Saarbruecken, Germany
| | - E Meese
- Department of Human Genetics, Saarland University, Homburg, Saar, Germany
| | - N Lagali
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden; Department of Ophthalmology, Sørlandet Hospital Arendal, Arendal, Norway.
| | - B Käsmann-Kellner
- Department of Ophthalmology, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Saar, Germany
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Carradori D, Labrak Y, Miron VE, Saulnier P, Eyer J, Préat V, des Rieux A. Retinoic acid-loaded NFL-lipid nanocapsules promote oligodendrogenesis in focal white matter lesion. Biomaterials 2020; 230:119653. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2019.119653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Reimondez-Troitiño S, Alcalde I, Csaba N, Íñigo-Portugués A, de la Fuente M, Bech F, Riestra AC, Merayo-Lloves J, Alonso MJ. Polymeric nanocapsules: a potential new therapy for corneal wound healing. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2017; 6:708-721. [PMID: 27392604 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-016-0312-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Corneal injuries are one of the most frequently observed ocular diseases, leading to permanent damage and impaired vision if they are not treated properly. In this sense, adequate wound healing after injury is critical for keeping the integrity and structure of the cornea. The goal of this work was to assess the potential of polymeric nanocapsules, either unloaded or loaded with cyclosporine A or vitamin A, alone or in combination with mitomycin C, for the treatment of corneal injuries induced by photorefractive keratectomy surgery. The biopolymers selected for the formation of the nanocapsules were polyarginine and protamine, which are known for their penetration enhancement effect. The results showed that, following topical instillation to a mouse model of corneal injury, all the nanocapsule formulations, either unloaded or loaded with cyclosporine A or vitamin A, were able to stimulate corneal wound healing. In addition, the healing rate observed for the combination of unloaded protamine nanocapsules with mitomycin C was comparable to the one observed for the positive control Cacicol®, a biopolymer known as a corneal wound healing enhancer. Regarding the corneal opacity, the initial grade of corneal haze (>3) induced by the photorefractive keratectomy was more rapidly reduced in the case of the positive control, Cacicol®, than in corneas treated with the nanocapsules. In conclusion, this work shows that drug-free arginine-rich (polyarginine, protamine) nanocapsules exhibit a positive behavior with regard to their potential use for corneal wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Reimondez-Troitiño
- Nanobiofar Group, Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, Campus Vida, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,Translational Medical Oncology Group, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Clinical University Hospital of Santiago de Compostela (CHUS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Ignacio Alcalde
- Instituto Universitario Fernández-Vega, Fundación de Investigación Oftalmológica, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Noemi Csaba
- Nanobiofar Group, Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, Campus Vida, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Almudena Íñigo-Portugués
- Instituto Universitario Fernández-Vega, Fundación de Investigación Oftalmológica, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - María de la Fuente
- Translational Medical Oncology Group, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Clinical University Hospital of Santiago de Compostela (CHUS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Federico Bech
- Instituto Universitario Fernández-Vega, Fundación de Investigación Oftalmológica, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Ana C Riestra
- Instituto Universitario Fernández-Vega, Fundación de Investigación Oftalmológica, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Jesús Merayo-Lloves
- Instituto Universitario Fernández-Vega, Fundación de Investigación Oftalmológica, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain.
| | - María J Alonso
- Nanobiofar Group, Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, Campus Vida, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
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Topical Coenzyme Q10 Eye Drops as an Adjuvant Treatment in Challenging Refractory Corneal Ulcers: A Case Series and Literature Review. Eye Contact Lens 2017; 43:73-80. [DOI: 10.1097/icl.0000000000000229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Rouzaire M, Comptour A, Belville C, Bouvier D, Clairefond G, Ponelle F, Sapin V, Gallot D, Blanchon L. All-trans retinoic acid promotes wound healing of primary amniocytes through the induction of LOXL4, a member of the lysyl oxidase family. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2016; 81:10-19. [PMID: 27769742 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2016.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2016] [Revised: 07/23/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Thirty percent of preterm births directly result from preterm premature rupture of fetal membranes (PPROM). Clinical management currently proposes using a collagen plug to mechanically stop loss of amniotic fluid. Vitamin A and its active metabolite (retinoic acid) have well-known pro-healing properties and could thus make good candidates as a proposable adjuvant to this mechanical approach. Here we investigate the molecular mechanisms involved in the pro-healing properties of all-trans retinoic acid (atRA) in fetal membranes via an approach using an in vitro primary amniocyte wound model and transcriptomics. The results demonstrate that atRA promotes migration in primary amniocytes, improving wound healing in vitro by up to 90%. This effect is mediated by the induction of LOXL4, which plays a crucial role in the dynamics of the extracellular matrix by regulating collagen reticulation. This new insight into how atRA exerts its pro-healing properties prompts us to propose using atRA as a candidate strategy to help prevent future PPROM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Rouzaire
- Clermont Université, Auvergne University, EA7281- Retinoids, Reproduction, Developmental Diseases, Medicine School, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Aurélie Comptour
- Clermont Université, Auvergne University, EA7281- Retinoids, Reproduction, Developmental Diseases, Medicine School, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Corinne Belville
- Clermont Université, Auvergne University, EA7281- Retinoids, Reproduction, Developmental Diseases, Medicine School, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; Clermont Université, Auvergne University, GReD, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Damien Bouvier
- Clermont Université, Auvergne University, EA7281- Retinoids, Reproduction, Developmental Diseases, Medicine School, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Gaël Clairefond
- Clermont Université, Auvergne University, EA7281- Retinoids, Reproduction, Developmental Diseases, Medicine School, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Flora Ponelle
- Clermont Université, Auvergne University, EA7281- Retinoids, Reproduction, Developmental Diseases, Medicine School, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Vincent Sapin
- Clermont Université, Auvergne University, EA7281- Retinoids, Reproduction, Developmental Diseases, Medicine School, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - Denis Gallot
- Clermont Université, Auvergne University, EA7281- Retinoids, Reproduction, Developmental Diseases, Medicine School, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Loïc Blanchon
- Clermont Université, Auvergne University, EA7281- Retinoids, Reproduction, Developmental Diseases, Medicine School, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
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Comptour A, Rouzaire M, Belville C, Bonnin N, Daniel E, Chiambaretta F, Blanchon L, Sapin V. Lysyl oxidase-like 4 involvement in retinoic acid epithelial wound healing. Sci Rep 2016; 6:32688. [PMID: 27597564 PMCID: PMC5011693 DOI: 10.1038/srep32688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin A and its active forms (retinoic acids/RAs) are known to have pro-healing properties, but their mechanisms of action are still poorly understood. This work aimed to identify the cellular and molecular processes by which atRA (all-trans RA) improves wound healing, using an in vivo model of mouse corneal alkali burns and an in vitro cellular human corneal epithelial injury model. Regulation by atRA has been studied on most of the cellular events that occur in wound healing. We investigated the direct influence of atRA on a specific target gene known to be involved in the extracellular matrix (ECM) dynamics, one of the pathways contributing to epithelial repair. Our results demonstrate that atRA promotes corneal epithelial wound healing by acting preferentially on migration. The induction of lysyl oxidase-like 4 (LOXL4) expression by atRA in the corneal epithelium environment was established as essential in the mechanism of atRA-dependent wound healing. Our study describes for the first time a direct link between a retinoic-induced gene and protein, LOXL4, and its general clinical pro-healing properties in ECM dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélie Comptour
- Clermont Université, Université d’Auvergne, EA7281 – Retinoids, Reproduction Developmental Diseases, School of Medicine, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Marion Rouzaire
- Clermont Université, Université d’Auvergne, EA7281 – Retinoids, Reproduction Developmental Diseases, School of Medicine, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Corinne Belville
- Clermont Université, Université d’Auvergne, EA7281 – Retinoids, Reproduction Developmental Diseases, School of Medicine, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Clermont Université, Université d’Auvergne, GReD, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Nicolas Bonnin
- Clermont Université, Université d’Auvergne, EA7281 – Retinoids, Reproduction Developmental Diseases, School of Medicine, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
- CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Ophthalmology Department, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Estelle Daniel
- Clermont Université, Université d’Auvergne, EA7281 – Retinoids, Reproduction Developmental Diseases, School of Medicine, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
- CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Ophthalmology Department, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Frédéric Chiambaretta
- Clermont Université, Université d’Auvergne, EA7281 – Retinoids, Reproduction Developmental Diseases, School of Medicine, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
- CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Ophthalmology Department, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Loïc Blanchon
- Clermont Université, Université d’Auvergne, EA7281 – Retinoids, Reproduction Developmental Diseases, School of Medicine, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Vincent Sapin
- Clermont Université, Université d’Auvergne, EA7281 – Retinoids, Reproduction Developmental Diseases, School of Medicine, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
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Battaglia L, Serpe L, Foglietta F, Muntoni E, Gallarate M, Del Pozo Rodriguez A, Solinis MA. Application of lipid nanoparticles to ocular drug delivery. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2016; 13:1743-1757. [PMID: 27291069 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2016.1201059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Although eye drops are widely used as drug delivery systems for the anterior segment of the eye, they are also associated with poor drug bioavailability due to transient contact time and rapid washout by tearing. Moreover, effective drug delivery to the posterior segment of the eye is challenging, and alternative routes of administration (periocular and intravitreal) are generally needed, the blood-retinal barrier being the major obstacle to systemic drug delivery. Areas covered: Nanotechnology, and especially lipid nanoparticles, can improve the therapeutic efficiency, compliance and safety of ocular drugs, administered via different routes, to both the anterior and posterior segment of the eye. This review highlights the main ocular barriers to drug delivery, as well as the most common eye diseases suitable for pharmacological treatment in which lipid nanoparticles have proved efficacious as alternative delivery systems. Expert opinion: Lipid-based nanocarriers are among the most biocompatible and versatile means for ocular delivery. Mucoadhesion with consequent increase in pre-corneal retention time, and enhanced permeation due to cellular uptake by corneal epithelial cells, are the essential goals for topical lipid nanoparticle delivery. Gene delivery to the retina has shown very promising results after intravitreal administration of lipid nanoparticles as non-viral vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Battaglia
- a Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco , Università degli Studi di Torino , Torino , Italy
| | - Loredana Serpe
- a Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco , Università degli Studi di Torino , Torino , Italy
| | - Federica Foglietta
- a Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco , Università degli Studi di Torino , Torino , Italy
| | - Elisabetta Muntoni
- a Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco , Università degli Studi di Torino , Torino , Italy
| | - Marina Gallarate
- a Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco , Università degli Studi di Torino , Torino , Italy
| | - Ana Del Pozo Rodriguez
- b Pharmacokinetic, Nanotechnology and Gene Therapy Group (PharmaNanoGene), Faculty of Pharmacy , Centro de investigación Lascaray ikergunea, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU , Vitoria-Gasteiz , Spain
| | - Maria Angeles Solinis
- b Pharmacokinetic, Nanotechnology and Gene Therapy Group (PharmaNanoGene), Faculty of Pharmacy , Centro de investigación Lascaray ikergunea, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU , Vitoria-Gasteiz , Spain
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1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 inhibits corneal wound healing in an ex-vivo mouse model. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2016; 254:717-24. [PMID: 26794222 DOI: 10.1007/s00417-016-3267-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Revised: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Impaired healing of corneal injuries can result in ulceration and complete loss of vision, especially in the elderly. Such patients frequently also exhibit vitamin D insufficiency. 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 is the active vitamin D metabolite. As it affects cell proliferation and inflammation, we herein aimed at elucidating its influence on corneal wound healing after alkali burn by using in vitro and ex vivo techniques. METHODS mRNA abundance in human corneal epithelial cells in response to vitamin D3 was determined by RT-PCR. Corneal re-epithelialization after alkaline burn was analyzed using enucleated mouse eyes and fluorescein staining. RESULTS Human corneal epithelial cells (HCEC) expressed the vitamin D receptor (VDR) and retinoid x receptor (RXR) and were responsive to 1,25- dihydroxyvitamin D3, as shown by induction of the 1,25- dihydroxyvitamin D3 responsive gene cyp-24A1 and slightly reduced abundance of IL-6 mRNA. However, no effect on cell vitality and migration was observed. In contrast, re-epithelialization of mouse corneas ex vivo was dose dependently inhibited by 1,25- dihydroxyvitamin D3. CONCLUSIONS These data indicate that topically applied 1,25- dihydroxyvitamin D3 does not seem to be suitable for therapy of corneal lesions.
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Abstract
Corneal wound healing is a complex process involving cell death, migration, proliferation, differentiation, and extracellular matrix remodeling. Many similarities are observed in the healing processes of corneal epithelial, stromal and endothelial cells, as well as cell-specific differences. Corneal epithelial healing largely depends on limbal stem cells and remodeling of the basement membrane. During stromal healing, keratocytes get transformed to motile and contractile myofibroblasts largely due to activation of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) system. Endothelial cells heal mostly by migration and spreading, with cell proliferation playing a secondary role. In the last decade, many aspects of wound healing process in different parts of the cornea have been elucidated, and some new therapeutic approaches have emerged. The concept of limbal stem cells received rigorous experimental corroboration, with new markers uncovered and new treatment options including gene and microRNA therapy tested in experimental systems. Transplantation of limbal stem cell-enriched cultures for efficient re-epithelialization in stem cell deficiency and corneal injuries has become reality in clinical setting. Mediators and course of events during stromal healing have been detailed, and new treatment regimens including gene (decorin) and stem cell therapy for excessive healing have been designed. This is a very important advance given the popularity of various refractive surgeries entailing stromal wound healing. Successful surgical ways of replacing the diseased endothelium have been clinically tested, and new approaches to accelerate endothelial healing and suppress endothelial-mesenchymal transformation have been proposed including Rho kinase (ROCK) inhibitor eye drops and gene therapy to activate TGF-β inhibitor SMAD7. Promising new technologies with potential for corneal wound healing manipulation including microRNA, induced pluripotent stem cells to generate corneal epithelium, and nanocarriers for corneal drug delivery are discussed. Attention is also paid to problems in wound healing understanding and treatment, such as lack of specific epithelial stem cell markers, reliable identification of stem cells, efficient prevention of haze and stromal scar formation, lack of data on wound regulating microRNAs in keratocytes and endothelial cells, as well as virtual lack of targeted systems for drug and gene delivery to select corneal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander V Ljubimov
- Eye Program, Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Departments of Biomedical Sciences and Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Mehrnoosh Saghizadeh
- Eye Program, Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Departments of Biomedical Sciences and Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Samarawickrama C, Chew S, Watson S. Retinoic acid and the ocular surface. Surv Ophthalmol 2015; 60:183-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.survophthal.2014.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2014] [Revised: 10/05/2014] [Accepted: 10/07/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Wang X, Wang W, Xu J, Wu S, Le Q. All-trans retinoid acid promotes allogeneic corneal graft survival in mice by regulating Treg-Th17 balance in the presence of TGF-β. BMC Immunol 2015; 16:17. [PMID: 25887926 PMCID: PMC4395899 DOI: 10.1186/s12865-015-0082-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2014] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND All-trans retinoid acid (ATRA) has been proven to skew Regulatory T cell-T helper 17 cell (Treg-Th17) balance toward Treg in vitro, favoring graft acceptance. However, its in vivo effect after solid organ transplantation is under investigation. RESULTS BALB/c mice were given orthotopic corneal grafts from C57BL/6 donors, and recipient mice were administered with ATRA, TGF-β, and the combination of both agents for 8 weeks after surgery. We found that a mixed treatment of ATRA and TGF-β significantly promoted graft survival. Moreover, with the presence of TGF-β, ATRA upregulated CD4(+)CD25(+)Foxp3(+)Treg cells and suppressed Th17 cells in the blood, spleen and draining lymph nodes of recipient mice, as well as enhanced the Foxp3 expression and inhibited the RORγt expression in grafts and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Simultaneously, increased number of Foxp3+ cells and decreased number of IL-17+ cells in conjunctiva were found in recipients with mixed treatment, along with reduced IL-17 level in serum and aqueous humor and increased IL-10 level in aqueous humor. Tregs isolated from recipient mice treated with ATRA + TGF-β presented the strongest suppressive activity in vitro. CONCLUSIONS Combined application of ATRA and TGF-β may shift the Th17-Treg balance toward Tregs, hence facilitating the induction of immunological tolerance after allogenic corneal transplantation and representing a potential therapeutic approach in the treatment of posttransplant rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China.
| | - Wentao Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China. .,Research Center, Eye & ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China.
| | - Jianjiang Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China.
| | - Suqian Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China.
| | - Qihua Le
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China. .,Research Center, Eye & ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China.
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Prevention of posterior capsular opacification. Exp Eye Res 2015; 136:100-15. [PMID: 25783492 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2015.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2014] [Revised: 02/04/2015] [Accepted: 03/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Posterior capsular opacification (PCO) is a common complication of cataract surgery. The development of PCO is due to a combination of the processes of proliferation, migration, and transdifferentiation of residual lens epithelial cells (LECs) on the lens capsule. In the past decades, various forms of PCO prevention have been examined, including adjustments of techniques and intraocular lens materials, pharmacological treatments, and prevention by interfering with biological processes in LECs. The only method so far that seems effective is the implantation of an intraocular lens with sharp edged optics to mechanically prevent PCO formation. In this review, current knowledge of the prevention of PCO will be described. We illustrate the biological pathways underlying PCO formation and the various approaches to interfere with the biological processes to prevent PCO. In this type of prevention, the use of nanotechnological advances can play a role.
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Ling GQ, Liu YJ, Ke YQ, Chen L, Jiang XD, Jiang CL, Ye W. All-trans retinoic acid impairs the vasculogenic mimicry formation ability of U87 stem-like cells through promoting differentiation. Mol Med Rep 2015; 12:165-72. [PMID: 25760394 PMCID: PMC4438921 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.3449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2014] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The poor therapeutic effect of traditional antiangiogenic therapy on glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) may be attributed to vasculogenic mimicry (VM), which was previously reported to be promoted by cancer stem-like cells (SLCs). All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA), a potent reagent which drives differentiation, was reported to be able to eradicate cancer SLCs in certain malignancies. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of ATRA on the VM formation ability of U87 glioblastoma SLCs. The expression of cancer SLC markers CD133 and nestin was detected using immunocytochemistry in order to identify U87 SLCs. In addition, the differentiation of these SLCs was observed through detecting the expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), β-tubulin III and galactosylceramidase (Galc) using immunofluorescent staining. The results showed that the expression levels of GFAP, β-tubulin III and Galc were upregulated following treatment with ATRA in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, ATRA significantly reduced the proliferation, invasiveness, tube formation and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) secretion of U87 SLCs. In conclusion, the VM formation ability of SLCs was found to be negatively correlated with differentiation. These results therefore suggested that ATRA may serve as a promising novel agent for the treatment of GBM due to its role in reducing VM formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geng-Qiang Ling
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| | - Yi-Jing Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, National Key Clinic Department, Neurosurgery Institute, Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration of Guangdong, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510282, P.R. China
| | - Yi-Quan Ke
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, National Key Clinic Department, Neurosurgery Institute, Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration of Guangdong, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510282, P.R. China
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, National Key Clinic Department, Neurosurgery Institute, Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration of Guangdong, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510282, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Dan Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, National Key Clinic Department, Neurosurgery Institute, Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration of Guangdong, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510282, P.R. China
| | - Chuan-Lu Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| | - Wei Ye
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
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Abidin FZ, Gouveia RM, Connon CJ. Application of retinoic acid improves form and function of tissue engineered corneal construct. Organogenesis 2015; 11:122-36. [PMID: 26496651 PMCID: PMC4879898 DOI: 10.1080/15476278.2015.1093267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Revised: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 09/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinoic acid has recently been shown to control the phenotype and extracellular matrix composition of corneal stromal cells cultured in vitro as monolayers. This study set out to investigate the effects of retinoic acid on human corneal keratocytes within a 3D environment. Human corneal keratocytes were encapsulated in collagen gels, which were subsequently compressed under load, and cultured in serum-free media supplemented with 10 µM retinoic acid or DMSO vehicle for 30 days. Cell proliferation was quantified on selected days, while the expression of several important keratocytes markers was evaluated at day 30 using RT-PCR and immunoblotting. The weight and size of the collagen constructs were measured before and after hydration and contraction analyses. Retinoic acid enhanced keratocyte proliferation until day 30, whereas cells in control culture conditions showed reduced numbers after day 21. Both gene and protein expressions of keratocyte-characteristic proteoglycans (keratocan, lumican and decorin), corneal crystallins and collagen type I and V were significantly increased following retinoic acid supplementation. Retinoic acid also significantly reduced the expression of matrix metalloproteases 1, 3 and 9 while not increasing α-smooth muscle actin and fibronectin expression. Furthermore, these effects were also correlated with the ability of retinoic acid to significantly inhibit the contractility of keratocytes while allowing the build-up of corneal stromal extracellular matrix within the 3D constructs. Thus, retinoic acid supplementation represents a promising strategy to improve the phenotype of 3D-cultured keratocytes, and their usefulness as a model of corneal stroma for corneal biology and regenerative medicine applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fadhilah Z Abidin
- Institute of Genetic Medicine; Newcastle University; Center for Life; Newcastle, UK
| | - Ricardo M Gouveia
- Institute of Genetic Medicine; Newcastle University; Center for Life; Newcastle, UK
| | - Che J Connon
- Institute of Genetic Medicine; Newcastle University; Center for Life; Newcastle, UK
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Chelala E, Dirani A, Fadlallah A, Fahd S. The role of topical vitamin A in promoting healing in surface refractive procedures: a prospective randomized controlled study. Clin Ophthalmol 2013; 7:1913-8. [PMID: 24109170 PMCID: PMC3792968 DOI: 10.2147/opth.s52280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim To evaluate the effect of topical vitamin A supplementation on corneal re-epithelialization time, postoperative pain, visual acuity, and haze following photorefractive keratectomy (PRK). Patients and methods This prospective study included 32 patients. For each patient, one eye was randomized to the vitamin A group and the fellow eye to the non-vitamin A group (control group). Eyes in the vitamin A group received perioperative topical vitamin A (retinol palmitate, 250 IU/g VitAPOS eye ointment [AFT Pharmaceuticals Pty, Ltd, Sydney, NSW, Australia]) in addition to the classic treatment for PRK. Clinical outcomes were evaluated up to 3 months after PRK. Results There was no difference in the mean time to complete healing between the vitamin A group and the control group (3.36 ± 0.6 days in the control group; 3.42 ± 0.7 days in the vitamin A group; P = 0.854). Mean postoperative pain at the 48-hour visit was 4.35 ± 1.42 over 10 in the control group, and 4.42 ± 1.37 over 10 in the vitamin A group, with no difference between the two groups (P = 0.589). Subepithelial haze evaluated at 3 months postoperatively did not differ between the two groups (P = 0.960). Also, visual and refractive outcomes were not different between the two groups 3 months postoperatively. Conclusion Topical vitamin A supplementation did not affect re-epithelialization time, postoperative pain, corneal haze formation, or visual outcomes after PRK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elias Chelala
- Saint Joseph University, Faculty of Medicine, Beirut, Lebanon
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Zhou HY, Hao JL, Wang S, Zheng Y, Zhang WS. Nanoparticles in the ocular drug delivery. Int J Ophthalmol 2013; 6:390-6. [PMID: 23826539 DOI: 10.3980/j.issn.2222-3959.2013.03.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2013] [Accepted: 05/29/2013] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Ocular drug transport barriers pose a challenge for drug delivery comprising the ocular surface epithelium, the tear film and internal barriers of the blood-aqueous and blood-retina barriers. Ocular drug delivery efficiency depends on the barriers and the clearance from the choroidal, conjunctival vessels and lymphatic. Traditional drug administration reduces the clinical efficacy especially for poor water soluble molecules and for the posterior segment of the eye. Nanoparticles (NPs) have been designed to overcome the barriers, increase the drug penetration at the target site and prolong the drug levels by few internals of drug administrations in lower doses without any toxicity compared to the conventional eye drops. With the aid of high specificity and multifunctionality, DNA NPs can be resulted in higher transfection efficiency for gene therapy. NPs could target at cornea, retina and choroid by surficial applications and intravitreal injection. This review is concerned with recent findings and applications of NPs drug delivery systems for the treatment of different eye diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Yan Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130033, Jilin Province, China
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Performance and characteristics evaluation of a sodium hyaluronate-based microneedle patch for a transcutaneous drug delivery system. Int J Pharm 2013; 441:570-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2012.10.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2012] [Revised: 10/09/2012] [Accepted: 10/30/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Current world literature. Curr Opin Ophthalmol 2012; 23:330-5. [PMID: 22673820 DOI: 10.1097/icu.0b013e32835584e4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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