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Safonova TN, Zaitseva GV. [Cell technologies as a basis for the development of regenerative principles for the treatment of lacrimal gland diseases]. Vestn Oftalmol 2024; 140:158-165. [PMID: 38739146 DOI: 10.17116/oftalma2024140022158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
The lacrimal gland (LG) is a tubuloacinar exocrine gland composed of acinar, ductal, and myoepithelial cells. Three-dimensional distribution of acinar lobules, ducts, and myoepithelial cells is necessary for the effective functioning of the organ. LG is the main organ of immune surveillance of the ocular surface system. The embryogenesis of the gland is regulated by the interaction of genetic mechanisms, internal epigenetic (enzyme systems, hormones) and exogenous factors. There is no doubt that there is a clear genetic program for the implementation of the complex process of embryonic development. The mechanisms regulating LG organogenesis initiate the work of a huge number of structural oncogenes, transcription and growth factors, etc. Studying the expression and selective activity of regulatory genes during organ development, their participation in the differentiation of different cell types is a current trend at the nexus of clinical genetics, molecular biology, embryology and immunocytochemistry. Due to its relatively simple structure and accessibility, human LG is a suitable object for potential application in regenerative medicine. Development of a universal protocol for obtaining functional differentiated secretory epithelium of LG capable of expressing tissue-specific markers is an urgent task. Determining the nature and origin of stem cells and progenitor cells will allow the isolation and multiplication of these cells in culture. After obtaining a functionally active culture of LG cells, it is possible to create a model of autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- T N Safonova
- Krasnov Research Institute of Eye Diseases, Moscow, Russia
| | - G V Zaitseva
- Krasnov Research Institute of Eye Diseases, Moscow, Russia
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Cao X, Di G, Bai Y, Zhang K, Wang Y, Zhao H, Wang D, Chen P. Aquaporin5 Deficiency Aggravates ROS/NLRP3 Inflammasome-Mediated Pyroptosis in the Lacrimal Glands. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2023; 64:4. [PMID: 36626177 PMCID: PMC9838588 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.64.1.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose The pathogenesis of the lacrimal glands (LGs) is facilitated by inflammation mediated by the NACHT, LRR, and NLRP3 inflammasomes in dry eye disease. This research aimed to explore the protective effects of Aquaporin 5 (AQP5) on LGs by inhibiting reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the NLRP3 inflammasome. Methods AQP5 knockout (AQP5-/-) mice were used to evaluate pathological changes in LGs. ROS generation was detected with a dichlorodihydro-fluorescein diacetate assay. Lipid metabolism was assessed by Oil Red O staining. The reversal of the mitochondrial membrane potential was detected using a JC-1 fluorescent probe kit. The effect of AQP5 on NLRP3/caspase-1/Gasdermin-D (GSDMD)-mediated pyroptosis was examined using pharmacological treatment of N-acetyl L-cysteine or MCC950. Results AQP5 loss significantly increased ROS generation, lipid metabolism disorders, TUNEL-positive cells, and reversal of the mitochondrial membrane potential in the AQP5-/- LGs. NLRP3 upregulation, increased caspase-1 and GSDMD activity, and enhanced IL-1β release were detected in the AQP5-/- mouse LGs and primary LG epithelial cells. MCC950 significantly suppressed NLRP3 inflammasome-related pyroptosis induced by AQP5 deficiency in LGs and primary LG epithelial cells. Furthermore, we discovered that prestimulating the AQP5-/- primary LG epithelial cells with N-acetyl L-cysteine decreased NLRP3 expression, caspase-1 and GSDMD activity levels, and IL-1β release. Conclusions Our results revealed that AQP5 loss promoted NLRP3 inflammasome activation through ROS generation. Inhibiting the ROS or NLRP3 inflammasome significantly alleviated the damage and pyroptosis of AQP5-deficient LG epithelial cells, which could provide new insights into dry eye disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Cao
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Guohu Di
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China,Institute of Stem Cell Regeneration Medicine, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ying Bai
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Kaier Zhang
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yihui Wang
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Hui Zhao
- The 971 Hospital of the Chinese People's Liberation Army Navy, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | | | - Peng Chen
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China,Institute of Stem Cell Regeneration Medicine, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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Halliday LA, Wood JPM, Chidlow G, Casson RJ, Selva D, Sun MT. Establishing human lacrimal gland cultures from biopsy-sized tissue specimens. Eye (Lond) 2023; 37:62-68. [PMID: 35001090 PMCID: PMC9829670 DOI: 10.1038/s41433-021-01872-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To establish cultures of human lacrimal gland from patient-derived, biopsy-sized, tissue specimens. METHODS Tissue was obtained after surgical removal from patients without dry eye disease undergoing routine procedures. Samples were subjected to mechanical and enzymatic digestion and resulting cell suspensions were plated onto collagen-coated glass coverslips and grown for up to 21 days. Cultures were analysed by immunocytochemistry and light microscopy, and resultant cellular distributions were compared to those in sections of fixed human lacrimal gland tissue. RESULTS Dissociation of biopsy-sized pieces of human lacrimal gland and seeding onto coated surfaces allowed development of a mixed population of cells in vitro. Within 7-14 days, cellular aggregation was observed and by 21 days many cells had organised themselves into distinct three-dimensional complexes. Immunohistochemistry revealed a heterogeneous population of cells, including epithelial, myoepithelial, mesenchymal and progenitor cells. Some of the epithelia labelled positively for lysozyme and lactoferrin. CONCLUSIONS Collection and dissociation of biopsy-sized pieces of human lacrimal gland leads to a cellular preparation that can proliferate in vitro and organise into three-dimensional structures. This is the first report detailing that biopsy-collected specimens of human lacrimal gland can be used to establish cell cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke A Halliday
- Discipline of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, Level 7 Adelaide Health and Medical Sciences Building, University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
- South Australian Institute of Ophthalmology, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Port Road, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - John P M Wood
- Discipline of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, Level 7 Adelaide Health and Medical Sciences Building, University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia.
- South Australian Institute of Ophthalmology, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Port Road, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia.
| | - Glyn Chidlow
- Discipline of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, Level 7 Adelaide Health and Medical Sciences Building, University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
- South Australian Institute of Ophthalmology, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Port Road, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Robert J Casson
- Discipline of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, Level 7 Adelaide Health and Medical Sciences Building, University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
- South Australian Institute of Ophthalmology, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Port Road, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Dinesh Selva
- Discipline of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, Level 7 Adelaide Health and Medical Sciences Building, University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
- South Australian Institute of Ophthalmology, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Port Road, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Michelle T Sun
- Discipline of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, Level 7 Adelaide Health and Medical Sciences Building, University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
- South Australian Institute of Ophthalmology, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Port Road, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
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Wood JPM, Chidlow G, Halliday LA, Casson RJ, Selva D, Sun M. Histochemical Comparison of Human and Rat Lacrimal Glands: Implications for Bio-Engineering Studies. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2022; 11:10. [PMID: 36374486 PMCID: PMC9669807 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.11.11.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this study was to determine whether rodent lacrimal glands (LGs) represent a suitable surrogate for human tissue in bio-engineering research, we undertook a meticulous histological and histochemical comparison of these two tissues. Methods Histological techniques and immunohistochemistry were used to compare the structure of adult human and rat LG tissues and the expression of key functional tissue elements. Results Compared with humans, the rat LG is comprised of much more densely packed acini which are devoid of an obvious central lumen. Myoepithelial, fibroblasts, dendritic cells, T cells, and putative progenitor cells are present in both tissues. However, human LG is replete with epithelium expressing cytokeratins 8 and 18, whereas rat LG epithelium does not express cytokeratin 8. Furthermore, human LG expresses aquaporins (AQPs) 1, 3, and 5, whereas rat LG expresses AQPs 1, 4, and 5. Additionally, mast cells were identified in the rat but not the human LGs and large numbers of plasma cells were detected in the human LGs but only limited numbers were present in the rat LGs. Conclusions The cellular composition of the human and rat LGs is similar, although there is a marked difference in the actual histo-architectural arrangement of the tissue. Further variances in the epithelial cytokeratin profile, in tissue expression of AQPs and in mast cell and plasma cell infiltration, may prove significant. Translational Relevance The rat LG can serve as a useful surrogate for the human equivalent, but there exist specific tissue differences meaning that caution must be observed when translating results to patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- John P. M. Wood
- Discipline of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide South Australia, Australia
- South Australian Institute of Ophthalmology, Royal Adelaide Hospital, South Australia, Australia
| | - Glyn Chidlow
- Discipline of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide South Australia, Australia
- South Australian Institute of Ophthalmology, Royal Adelaide Hospital, South Australia, Australia
| | - Luke A. Halliday
- Discipline of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide South Australia, Australia
- South Australian Institute of Ophthalmology, Royal Adelaide Hospital, South Australia, Australia
| | - Robert J. Casson
- Discipline of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide South Australia, Australia
- South Australian Institute of Ophthalmology, Royal Adelaide Hospital, South Australia, Australia
| | - Dinesh Selva
- Discipline of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide South Australia, Australia
- South Australian Institute of Ophthalmology, Royal Adelaide Hospital, South Australia, Australia
| | - Michelle Sun
- Discipline of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide South Australia, Australia
- South Australian Institute of Ophthalmology, Royal Adelaide Hospital, South Australia, Australia
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Veernala I, Jaffet J, Fried J, Mertsch S, Schrader S, Basu S, Vemuganti G, Singh V. Lacrimal gland regeneration: The unmet challenges and promise for dry eye therapy. Ocul Surf 2022; 25:129-141. [PMID: 35753665 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtos.2022.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
DED (Dry eye disease) is a common multifactorial disease of the ocular surface and the tear film. DED has gained attention globally, with millions of people affected.. Although treatment strategies for DED have shifted towards Tear Film Oriented Therapy (TFOT), all the existing strategies fall under standard palliative care when addressed as a long-term goal. Therefore, different approaches have been explored by various groups to uncover alternative treatment strategies that can contribute to a full regeneration of the damaged lacrimal gland. For this, multiple groups have investigated the role of lacrimal gland (LG) cells in DED based on their regenerating, homing, and differentiating capabilities. In this review, we discuss in detail therapeutic mechanisms and regenerative strategies that can potentially be applied for lacrimal gland regeneration as well as their therapeutic applications. This review mainly focuses on Aqueous Deficiency Dry Eye Disease (ADDE) caused by lacrimal gland dysfunction and possible future treatment strategies. The current key findings from cell and tissue-based regenerative therapy modalities that could be utilised to achieve lacrimal gland tissue regeneration are summarized. In addition, this review summarises the available literature from in vitro to in vivo animal studies, their limitations in relation to lacrimal gland regeneration and the possible clinical applications. Finally, current issues and unmet needs of cell-based therapies in providing complete lacrimal gland tissue regeneration are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Induvahi Veernala
- School of Medical Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Prof C R Rao Road, Gachibowli, Hyderabad, 500046, India
| | - Jilu Jaffet
- Centre for Ocular Regeneration, Brien Holden Eye Research Centre, Champalimaud Translational Centre for Eye Research, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Kallam Anji Reddy Campus, L V Prasad Marg, Hyderabad, 500 034, India; Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Jasmin Fried
- Laboratory of Experimental Ophthalmology, Department of Ophthalmology, Pius-Hospital, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Sonja Mertsch
- Laboratory of Experimental Ophthalmology, Department of Ophthalmology, Pius-Hospital, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Schrader
- Laboratory of Experimental Ophthalmology, Department of Ophthalmology, Pius-Hospital, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Sayan Basu
- Centre for Ocular Regeneration, Brien Holden Eye Research Centre, Champalimaud Translational Centre for Eye Research, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Kallam Anji Reddy Campus, L V Prasad Marg, Hyderabad, 500 034, India
| | - Geeta Vemuganti
- School of Medical Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Prof C R Rao Road, Gachibowli, Hyderabad, 500046, India.
| | - Vivek Singh
- Centre for Ocular Regeneration, Brien Holden Eye Research Centre, Champalimaud Translational Centre for Eye Research, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Kallam Anji Reddy Campus, L V Prasad Marg, Hyderabad, 500 034, India.
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Kasal K, Güven S, Utine CA. Current methodology and cell sources for lacrimal gland tissue engineering. Exp Eye Res 2022; 221:109138. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2022.109138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Rodboon T, Yodmuang S, Chaisuparat R, Ferreira JN. Development of high-throughput lacrimal gland organoid platforms for drug discovery in dry eye disease. SLAS DISCOVERY : ADVANCING LIFE SCIENCES R & D 2022; 27:151-158. [PMID: 35058190 DOI: 10.1016/j.slasd.2021.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Dysfunction and damage of the lacrimal gland (LG) results in ocular discomfort and dry eye disease (DED). Current therapies for DED do not fully replenish the necessary lubrication to rescue optimal vision. New drug discovery for DED has been limited perhaps because in vitro models cannot mimic the biology of the native LG. The existing platforms for LG organoid culture are scarce and still not ready for consistency and scale up production towards drug screening. The magnetic three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting (M3DB) is a novel system for 3D in vitro biofabrication of cellularized tissues using magnetic nanoparticles to bring cells together. M3DB provides a scalable platform for consistent handling of spheroid-like cell cultures facilitating consistent biofabrication of organoids. Previously, we successfully generated innervated secretory epithelial organoids from human dental pulp stem cells with M3DB and found that this platform is feasible for epithelial organoid bioprinting. Research targeting LG organogenesis, drug discovery for DED has extensively used mouse models. However, certain inter-species differences between mouse and human must be considered. Porcine LG appear to have more similarities to human LG than the mouse counterparts. We have conducted preliminary studies with the M3DB for fabricating LG organoids from primary cells isolated from murine and porcine LG, and found that this platform provides robust LG organoids for future potential high-throughput analysis and drug discovery. The LG organoid holds promise to be a functional model of tearing, a platform for drug screening, and may offer clinical applications for DED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teerapat Rodboon
- Avatar Biotechnologies for Oral Health and Healthy Longevity Research Unit, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Supansa Yodmuang
- Avatar Biotechnologies for Oral Health and Healthy Longevity Research Unit, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand; Department of Research Affairs, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Risa Chaisuparat
- Avatar Biotechnologies for Oral Health and Healthy Longevity Research Unit, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand; Department of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Joao N Ferreira
- Avatar Biotechnologies for Oral Health and Healthy Longevity Research Unit, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand; Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
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Helena Macedo M, Baião A, Pinto S, Barros AS, Almeida H, Almeida A, das Neves J, Sarmento B. Mucus-producing 3D cell culture models. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 178:113993. [PMID: 34619286 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.113993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
In vitro cell-based models have been used for a long time since they are normally easily obtained and have an advantageous cost-benefit. Besides, they can serve a variety of ends, from studying drug absorption and metabolism to disease modeling. However, some in vitro models are too simplistic, not accurately representing the living tissues. It has been shown, mainly in the last years, that fully mimicking a tissue composition and architecture can be paramount for cellular behavior and, consequently, for the outcomes of the studies using such models. Because of this, 3D in vitro cell models have been gaining much attention, since they are able to better replicate the in vivo environment. In this review we focus on 3D models that contain mucus-producing cells, as mucus can play a pivotal role in drug absorption. Being frequently overlooked, this viscous fluid can have an impact on drug delivery. Thus, the aim of this review is to understand to which extent can mucus affect mucosal drug delivery and to provide a state-of-the-art report on the existing 3D cell-based mucus models.
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Földes A, Sang-Ngoen T, Kádár K, Rácz R, Zsembery Á, DenBesten P, Steward MC, Varga G. Three-Dimensional Culture of Ameloblast-Originated HAT-7 Cells for Functional Modeling of Defective Tooth Enamel Formation. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:682654. [PMID: 34149428 PMCID: PMC8206558 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.682654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Amelogenesis, the formation of dental enamel, is well understood at the histomorphological level but the underlying molecular mechanisms are poorly characterized. Ameloblasts secrete enamel matrix proteins and Ca2+, and also regulate extracellular pH as the formation of hydroxyapatite crystals generates large quantities of protons. Genetic or environmental impairment of transport and regulatory processes (e.g. dental fluorosis) leads to the development of enamel defects such as hypomineralization. Aims: Our aims were to optimize the culture conditions for the three-dimensional growth of ameloblast-derived HAT-7 cells and to test the effects of fluoride exposure on HAT-7 spheroid formation. Methods: To generate 3D HAT-7 structures, cells were dispersed and plated within a Matrigel extracellular matrix scaffold and incubated in three different culture media. Spheroid formation was then monitored over a two-week period. Ion transporter and tight-junction protein expression was investigated by RT-qPCR. Intracellular Ca2+ and pH changes were measured by microfluorometry using the fluorescent dyes fura-2 and BCECF. Results: A combination of Hepato-STIM epithelial cell differentiation medium and Matrigel induced the expansion and formation of 3D HAT-7 spheroids. The cells retained their epithelial cell morphology and continued to express both ameloblast-specific and ion transport-specific marker genes. Furthermore, like two-dimensional HAT-7 monolayers, the HAT-7 spheroids were able to regulate their intracellular pH and to show intracellular calcium responses to extracellular stimulation. Finally, we demonstrated that HAT-7 spheroids may serve as a disease model for studying the effects of fluoride exposure during amelogenesis. Conclusion: In conclusion, HAT-7 cells cultivated within a Matrigel extracellular matrix form three-dimensional, multi-cellular, spheroidal structures that retain their functional capacity for pH regulation and intracellular Ca2+ signaling. This new 3D model will allow us to gain a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in amelogenesis, not only in health but also in disorders of enamel formation, such as those resulting from fluoride exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Földes
- Department of Oral Biology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Kristóf Kádár
- Department of Oral Biology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Róbert Rácz
- Department of Oral Biology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ákos Zsembery
- Department of Oral Biology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Pamela DenBesten
- Department of Orofacial Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Martin C Steward
- Department of Oral Biology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.,School of Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Gábor Varga
- Department of Oral Biology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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Jeong SY, Choi WH, Jeon SG, Lee S, Park JM, Park M, Lee H, Lew H, Yoo J. Establishment of functional epithelial organoids from human lacrimal glands. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:247. [PMID: 33883032 PMCID: PMC8059179 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02133-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tear deficiency due to lacrimal gland (LG) dysfunction is one of the major causes of dry eye disease (DED). Therefore, LG stem cell-based therapies have been extensively reported to regenerate injured lacrimal tissue; however, the number of stem cells in the LG tissue is low, and 2D long-term cultivation reduces the differentiation capacity of stem cells. Nevertheless, 3D LG organoids could be an alternative for a DED therapy because it is capable of prolonged growth while maintaining the characteristics of the LG tissue. Here, we report the development of LG organoids and their application as cell therapeutics. Methods Digested cells from human LG tissue were mixed with Matrigel and cultured in five different media modified from human prostate/salivary organoid culture media. After organoid formation, the growth, specific marker expression, and histological characteristics were analyzed to authenticate the formation of LG organoids. The secretory function of LG organoids was confirmed through calcium influx or proteomics analysis after pilocarpine treatment. To explore the curability of the developed organoids, mouse-derived LG organoids were fabricated and transplanted into the lacrimal tissue of a mouse model of DED. Results The histological features and specific marker expression of LG organoids were similar to those of normal LG tissue. In the pilocarpine-treated LG organoid, levels of internal Ca2+ ions and β-hexosaminidase, a lysosomal protein in tear fluid, were increased. In addition, the secreted proteins from pilocarpine-treated lacrimal organoids were identified through proteomics. More than 70% of the identified proteins were proven to exosome through gene ontology analysis. These results indicate that our developed organoid was pilocarpine reactive, demonstrating the function of LG. Additionally, we developed LG organoids from patients with Sjogren’s syndrome patients (SS) and confirmed that their histological features were similar to those of SS-derived LG tissue. Finally, we confirmed that the mouse LG organoids were well engrafted in the lacrimal tissue two weeks after transplantation. Conclusion This study demonstrates that the established LG organoids resemble the characteristics of normal LG tissue and may be used as a therapy for patients with DED. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13287-021-02133-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Yun Jeong
- Department of Microbiology and CHA Organoid Research Center, CHA University School of Medicine, 335 Pangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13488, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Hee Choi
- Department of Microbiology and CHA Organoid Research Center, CHA University School of Medicine, 335 Pangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13488, Republic of Korea.,ORGANOIDSCIENCES, Ltd., Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, 13488, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Gyeong Jeon
- Department of Microbiology and CHA Organoid Research Center, CHA University School of Medicine, 335 Pangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13488, Republic of Korea
| | - Sookon Lee
- Department of Rheumatology, Bundang CHA Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Moon Park
- Department of Pharmacology, Gacheon University, Incheon, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Mira Park
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bundang CHA Medical Center, CHA University, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13496, Republic of Korea
| | - Hookeun Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, Gacheon University, Incheon, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Helen Lew
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bundang CHA Medical Center, CHA University, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13496, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jongman Yoo
- Department of Microbiology and CHA Organoid Research Center, CHA University School of Medicine, 335 Pangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13488, Republic of Korea. .,ORGANOIDSCIENCES, Ltd., Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, 13488, Republic of Korea.
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García-Posadas L, Diebold Y. Three-Dimensional Human Cell Culture Models to Study the Pathophysiology of the Anterior Eye. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:E1215. [PMID: 33333869 PMCID: PMC7765302 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12121215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, the establishment of complex three-dimensional (3D) models of tissues has allowed researchers to perform high-quality studies and to not only advance knowledge of the physiology of these tissues but also mimic pathological conditions to test novel therapeutic strategies. The main advantage of 3D models is that they recapitulate the spatial architecture of tissues and thereby provide more physiologically relevant information. The eye is an extremely complex organ that comprises a large variety of highly heterogeneous tissues that are divided into two asymmetrical portions: the anterior and posterior segments. The anterior segment consists of the cornea, conjunctiva, iris, ciliary body, sclera, aqueous humor, and the lens. Different diseases in these tissues can have devastating effects. To study these pathologies and develop new treatments, the use of cell culture models is instrumental, and the better the model, the more relevant the results. Thus, the development of sophisticated 3D models of ocular tissues is a significant challenge with enormous potential. In this review, we present a comprehensive overview of the latest advances in the development of 3D in vitro models of the anterior segment of the eye, with a special focus on those that use human primary cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura García-Posadas
- Instituto de Oftalmobiología Aplicada (IOBA), Universidad de Valladolid, 47011 Valladolid, Spain;
| | - Yolanda Diebold
- Instituto de Oftalmobiología Aplicada (IOBA), Universidad de Valladolid, 47011 Valladolid, Spain;
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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12
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Abughanam G, Elkashty OA, Liu Y, Bakkar MO, Tran SD. Mesenchymal Stem Cells Extract (MSCsE)-Based Therapy Alleviates Xerostomia and Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca in Sjogren's Syndrome-Like Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20194750. [PMID: 31557796 PMCID: PMC6801785 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20194750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sjogren’s syndrome (SS) is an autoimmune disease that manifests primarily in salivary and lacrimal glands leading to dry mouth and eyes. Unfortunately, there is no cure for SS due to its complex etiopathogenesis. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were successfully tested for SS, but some risks and limitations remained for their clinical use. This study combined cell- and biologic-based therapies by utilizing the MSCs extract (MSCsE) to treat SS-like disease in NOD mice. We found that MSCsE and MSCs therapies were successful and comparable in preserving salivary and lacrimal glands function in NOD mice when compared to control group. Cells positive for AQP5, AQP4, α-SMA, CK5, and c-Kit were preserved. Gene expression of AQP5, EGF, FGF2, BMP7, LYZ1 and IL-10 were upregulated, and downregulated for TNF-α, TGF-β1, MMP2, CASP3, and IL-1β. The proliferation rate of the glands and serum levels of EGF were also higher. Cornea integrity and epithelial thickness were maintained due to tear flow rate preservation. Peripheral tolerance was re-established, as indicated by lower lymphocytic infiltration and anti-SS-A antibodies, less BAFF secretion, higher serum IL-10 levels and FoxP3+ Treg cells, and selective inhibition of B220+ B cells. These promising results opened new venues for a safer and more convenient combined biologic- and cell-based therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghada Abughanam
- McGill Craniofacial Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0C7, Canada.
| | - Osama A Elkashty
- McGill Craniofacial Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0C7, Canada.
| | - Younan Liu
- McGill Craniofacial Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0C7, Canada.
| | - Mohammed O Bakkar
- McGill Craniofacial Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0C7, Canada.
| | - Simon D Tran
- McGill Craniofacial Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0C7, Canada.
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13
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Lin H, Liu Y, Yiu S. Three Dimensional Culture of Potential Epithelial Progenitor Cells in Human Lacrimal Gland. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2019; 8:32. [PMID: 31523489 PMCID: PMC6716802 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.8.4.32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose We investigate human lacrimal gland tissue to determine the presence of progenitor cells in this adult human tissue. Methods Six human lacrimal gland tissues from donors were collected and stored immediately in the culture medium at 4°C until the next procedure. One part of the lacrimal gland tissue was prepared for immunofluorescence staining and the other part was prepared for primary cell culture. Immunofluorescence analysis was conducted to evaluate cultured lacrimal epithelial phenotype and progenitor cell markers for five passages. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed to assess proliferation markers in the different passages. Three-dimensional culture and PCR were conducted to determine the differentiation potential of cultured human lacrimal gland cells. Results Human lacrimal gland tissue expressed a number of epithelial progenitor cell markers. Precursor cell markers C-Kit, K15, Nestin, and P63 were observed in lacrimal gland tissues. Lacrimal gland epithelial cells were cultured successfully and passaged to P5. The cultured lacrimal gland epithelial cells were positive for pan-cytokeratin (PCK), AQP5, Rab3D, ABCB5, C-kit, K15, Ki67, and P63. Human lacrimal gland cells could form spheroids in vitro and then grow into mini-gland-like structures. PCR results showed proliferation and differentiation capability of those cultured cells. Conclusions Human lacrimal gland tissues contain precursor marker-positive cells and marker expression also was detected in ex vivo cultured cells, which showed differentiation capability. Translational Relevance Future studies of differentiation in human lacrimal gland tissue may aid in developing stem cell-based therapies for dry eye disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Lin
- Wilmer Eye Institute, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ying Liu
- Wilmer Eye Institute, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Samuel Yiu
- Wilmer Eye Institute, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
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14
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Huang Y, Yamanouchi K, Sakai Y, Kuba S, Sakimura C, Morita M, Kanetaka K, Takatsuki M, Eguchi S. Fabrication of Functional Cell Sheets with Human Thyrocytes from Non-Tumorous Thyroid Tissue. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2019; 16:491-499. [PMID: 31624704 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-019-00198-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Engineered cell sheet transplantation has been considered an alternative physiological therapy for endocrine disorders. In this study, we attempted to fabricate functional human thyroid cell sheets using the engineering technology by culturing primary thyrocytes in free-feeder monolayers and assessed their proliferation and function in two different media. Methods The non-tumorous tissues (approximately 2 g) were dissected during surgery. Primary human thyroid cells were isolated by mechanical dispersion and treatment with isolation solution. The cells were cultured on tissue culture dishes or temperature-responsive culture dishes to induce the formation of detached cell sheets. Results Primary thyroid cells isolated from nine patients were positive for thyroid transcription factor 1, thyroglobulin (TG) and cytokeratin 7. Cell sheets with follicles were fabricated by cells incubated in both Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM) and hepatocyte-defined medium (HDM) culture medium. The diameter and thickness of sheets fabricated in HDM were larger and thicker than those fabricated from DMEM. Furthermore, the cells incubated in HDM secreted higher levels of fT3 and fT4 than those incubated in DMEM. The thyroid peroxidase and TG mRNA of cells maintained in HDM were higher than those in cells maintained in DMEM. Conclusion HDM appears suitable as a culture medium for maintaining primary thyrocytes and fabricating functional cell sheets. These in vitro findings may contribute to the development of appropriate culture conditions for human thyrocytes as well as engineered functional cell sheets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Huang
- Department of Surgery, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8501 Japan
| | - Kosho Yamanouchi
- Department of Surgery, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8501 Japan
| | - Yusuke Sakai
- Department of Surgery, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8501 Japan
| | - Sayaka Kuba
- Department of Surgery, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8501 Japan
| | - Chika Sakimura
- Department of Surgery, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8501 Japan
| | - Michi Morita
- Department of Surgery, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8501 Japan
| | - Kengo Kanetaka
- Department of Surgery, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8501 Japan
| | - Mitsuhisa Takatsuki
- Department of Surgery, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8501 Japan
| | - Susumu Eguchi
- Department of Surgery, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8501 Japan
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