1
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Peng N, Zheng M, Song B, Jiao R, Wang W. Transcription Factor EGR1 Facilitates Neovascularization in Mice with Retinopathy of Prematurity by Regulating the miR-182-5p/EFNA5 Axis. Biochem Genet 2024; 62:1070-1086. [PMID: 37530910 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-023-10433-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
Neovascularization is the hallmark of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). Early growth response 1 (EGR1) has been reported as an angiogenic factor. This study was conducted to probe the regulatory mechanism of EGR1 in neovascularization in ROP model mice. The ROP mouse model was established, followed by determination of EGR1 expression and assessment of neovascularization [vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) and pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF)]. Retinal vascular endothelial cells were cultured and treated with hypoxia, followed by the tube formation assay. The state of oxygen induction was assessed by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and Western blot assay to determine hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF-1A). The levels of microRNA (miRNA)-182-5p and ephrin-A5 (EFNA5) in tissues and cells were determined by RT-qPCR. Chromatin immunoprecipitation and dual-luciferase assay were used to validate gene interaction. EGR1 and EFNA5 were upregulated in the retina of ROP mice while miR-182-5p was downregulated. EGR1 knockdown decreased VEGF-A and HIF-1A expression and increased PEDF expression in the retina of ROP mice. In vitro, EGR1 knockdown also reduced neovascularization. EGR1 binding to the miR-182-5p promoter inhibited miR-182-5p transcription and further promoted EFNA5 transcription. miR-182-5p downregulation or EFNA5 overexpression averted the inhibition of neovascularization caused by EGR1 downregulation. Overall, EGR1 bound to the miR-182-5p promoter to inhibit miR-182-5p transcription and further promoted EFNA5 transcription, thus promoting retinal neovascularization in ROP mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningning Peng
- Department of Neonatology, Xiangyang No.1 People's Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, No. 15 Jiefang Road, Fancheng District, Xiangyang City, 441000, Hubei Province, China
| | - Mei Zheng
- Department of Neonatology, Xiangyang No.1 People's Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, No. 15 Jiefang Road, Fancheng District, Xiangyang City, 441000, Hubei Province, China
| | - Bei Song
- Department of Neonatology, Xiangyang No.1 People's Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, No. 15 Jiefang Road, Fancheng District, Xiangyang City, 441000, Hubei Province, China
| | - Rong Jiao
- Department of Neonatology, Xiangyang No.1 People's Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, No. 15 Jiefang Road, Fancheng District, Xiangyang City, 441000, Hubei Province, China.
| | - Wenxiang Wang
- Department of Neonatology, Xiangyang No.1 People's Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, No. 15 Jiefang Road, Fancheng District, Xiangyang City, 441000, Hubei Province, China.
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2
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Teng L, Sun Y, Teng S, Hui P. Applications of nanomaterials in anti-VEGF treatment for ophthalmic diseases. J Biomed Mater Res A 2024; 112:296-306. [PMID: 37850566 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.37626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
Angiogenesis has been determined to be essential in the occurrence and metastasis of diabetic retinopathy (DR), age-related macular degeneration (AMD), retinal vein occlusion (RVO), choroidal neovascularization (CNV), retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), tumor, etc. However, the clinical use of anti-vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGF) drugs is currently limited due to its high cost, potential side effects, and need for repeated injections. In recent years, nanotechnology has shown promising results in inhibiting neovascularization and reducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) or inflammatory factors. Some nanomaterials can also act as vehicles for drug delivery, such as lipid nanoparticles and PLGA. The process of angiogenesis and its molecular mechanism are discussed in this article. At the same time, this study aims to systematically review the research progress of nanotechnology and offer more treatment options for neovascularization-related diseases in clinical ophthalmology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Teng
- The First Bethune Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin, China
| | - Yabin Sun
- The First Bethune Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin, China
| | - Siying Teng
- The First Bethune Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin, China
| | - Peng Hui
- The First Bethune Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin, China
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3
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Zeng S, Chen Y, Zhou F, Zhang T, Fan X, Chrzanowski W, Gillies MC, Zhu L. Recent advances and prospects for lipid-based nanoparticles as drug carriers in the treatment of human retinal diseases. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2023; 199:114965. [PMID: 37315899 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2023.114965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The delivery of cures for retinal diseases remains problematic. There are four main challenges: passing through multiple barriers of the eye, the delivery to particular retinal cell types, the capability to carry different forms of therapeutic cargo and long-term therapeutic efficacy. Lipid-based nanoparticles (LBNPs) are potent to overcome these challenges due to their unique merits: amphiphilic nanoarchitectures to pass biological barriers, vary modifications with specific affinity to target cell types, flexible capacity for large and mixed types of cargos and slow-release formulations for long-term treatment. We have reviewed the latest research on the applications of LBNPs for treating retinal diseases and categorized them by different payloads. Furthermore, we identified technical barriers and discussed possible future development for LBNPs to expand the therapeutic potential in treating retinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoxue Zeng
- Macula Research Group, Save Sight Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Yingying Chen
- Macula Research Group, Save Sight Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Fanfan Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Ting Zhang
- Macula Research Group, Save Sight Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Xiaohui Fan
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | | | - Mark C Gillies
- Macula Research Group, Save Sight Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Ling Zhu
- Macula Research Group, Save Sight Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
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4
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Rusciano D, Bagnoli P. Pharmacotherapy and Nutritional Supplements for Neovascular Eye Diseases. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:1334. [PMID: 37512145 PMCID: PMC10383223 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59071334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
In this review, we aim to provide an overview of the recent findings about the treatment of neovascular retinal diseases. The use of conventional drugs and nutraceuticals endowed with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties that may support conventional therapies will be considered, with the final aim of achieving risk reduction (prevention) and outcome improvement (cooperation between treatments) of such sight-threatening proliferative retinopathies. For this purpose, we consider a medicinal product one that contains well-defined compound(s) with proven pharmacological and therapeutic effects, usually given for the treatment of full-blown diseases. Rarely are prescription drugs given for preventive purposes. A dietary supplement refers to a compound (often an extract or a mixture) used in the prevention or co-adjuvant treatment of a given pathology. However, it must be kept in mind that drug-supplement interactions may exist and might affect the efficacy of certain drug treatments. Moreover, the distinction between medicinal products and dietary supplements is not always straightforward. For instance, melatonin is formulated as a medicinal product for the treatment of sleep and behavioral problems; at low doses (usually below 1 mg), it is considered a nutraceutical, while at higher doses, it is sold as a psychotropic drug. Despite their lower status with respect to drugs, increasing evidence supports the notion of the beneficial effects of dietary supplements on proliferative retinopathies, a major cause of vision loss in the elderly. Therefore, we believe that, on a patient-by-patient basis, the administration of nutraceuticals, either alone or in association, could benefit many patients, delaying the progression of their disease and likely improving the efficacy of pharmaceutical drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paola Bagnoli
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, 56123 Pisa, Italy
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5
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Mostafa M, Al Fatease A, Alany RG, Abdelkader H. Recent Advances of Ocular Drug Delivery Systems: Prominence of Ocular Implants for Chronic Eye Diseases. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:1746. [PMID: 37376194 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15061746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic ocular diseases can seriously impact the eyes and could potentially result in blindness or serious vision loss. According to the most recent data from the WHO, there are more than 2 billion visually impaired people in the world. Therefore, it is pivotal to develop more sophisticated, long-acting drug delivery systems/devices to treat chronic eye conditions. This review covers several drug delivery nanocarriers that can control chronic eye disorders non-invasively. However, most of the developed nanocarriers are still in preclinical or clinical stages. Long-acting drug delivery systems, such as inserts and implants, constitute the majority of the clinically used methods for the treatment of chronic eye diseases due to their steady state release, persistent therapeutic activity, and ability to bypass most ocular barriers. However, implants are considered invasive drug delivery technologies, especially those that are nonbiodegradable. Furthermore, in vitro characterization approaches, although useful, are limited in mimicking or truly representing the in vivo environment. This review focuses on long-acting drug delivery systems (LADDS), particularly implantable drug delivery systems (IDDS), their formulation, methods of characterization, and clinical application for the treatment of eye diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Mostafa
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minya 61519, Egypt
| | - Adel Al Fatease
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 62223, Saudi Arabia
| | - Raid G Alany
- School of Pharmacy, Kingston University London, Kingston Upon Tames KT1 2EE, UK
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Hamdy Abdelkader
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 62223, Saudi Arabia
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6
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Wu KY, Joly-Chevrier M, Akbar D, Tran SD. Overcoming Treatment Challenges in Posterior Segment Diseases with Biodegradable Nano-Based Drug Delivery Systems. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15041094. [PMID: 37111579 PMCID: PMC10142934 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15041094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Posterior segment eye diseases present a challenge in treatment due to the complex structures in the eye that serve as robust static and dynamic barriers, limiting the penetration, residence time, and bioavailability of topical and intraocular medications. This hinders effective treatment and requires frequent dosing, such as the regular use of eye drops or visits to the ophthalmologist for intravitreal injections, to manage the disease. Moreover, the drugs must be biodegradable to minimize toxicity and adverse reactions, as well as small enough to not affect the visual axis. The development of biodegradable nano-based drug delivery systems (DDSs) can be the solution to these challenges. First, they can stay in ocular tissues for longer periods of time, reducing the frequency of drug administration. Second, they can pass through ocular barriers, offering higher bioavailability to targeted tissues that are otherwise inaccessible. Third, they can be made up of polymers that are biodegradable and nanosized. Hence, therapeutic innovations in biodegradable nanosized DDS have been widely explored for ophthalmic drug delivery applications. In this review, we will present a concise overview of DDSs utilized in the treatment of ocular diseases. We will then examine the current therapeutic challenges faced in the management of posterior segment diseases and explore how various types of biodegradable nanocarriers can enhance our therapeutic arsenal. A literature review of the pre-clinical and clinical studies published between 2017 and 2023 was conducted. Through the advances in biodegradable materials, combined with a better understanding of ocular pharmacology, the nano-based DDSs have rapidly evolved, showing great promise to overcome challenges currently encountered by clinicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Y Wu
- Department of Surgery, Division of Ophthalmology, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1G 2E8, Canada
| | | | - Dania Akbar
- Department of Human Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada
| | - Simon D Tran
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Oral Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1G1, Canada
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7
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Cammalleri M, Amato R, Dal Monte M, Filippi L, Bagnoli P. The β3 adrenoceptor in proliferative retinopathies: "Cinderella" steps out of its family shadow. Pharmacol Res 2023; 190:106713. [PMID: 36863427 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.106713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
In the retina, hypoxic condition leads to overgrowing leaky vessels resulting in altered metabolic supply that may cause impaired visual function. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) is a central regulator of the retinal response to hypoxia by activating the transcription of numerous target genes, including vascular endothelium growth factor, which acts as a major player in retinal angiogenesis. In the present review, oxygen urge by the retina and its oxygen sensing systems including HIF-1 are discussed in respect to the role of the beta-adrenergic receptors (β-ARs) and their pharmacologic manipulation in the vascular response to hypoxia. In the β-AR family, β1- and β2-AR have long been attracting attention because their pharmacology is intensely used for human health, while β3-AR, the third and last cloned receptor is no longer increasingly emerging as an attractive target for drug discovery. Here, β3-AR, a main character in several organs including the heart, the adipose tissue and the urinary bladder, but so far a supporting actor in the retina, has been thoroughly examined in respect to its function in retinal response to hypoxia. In particular, its oxygen dependence has been taken as a key indicator of β3-AR involvement in HIF-1-mediated responses to oxygen. Hence, the possibility of β3-AR transcription by HIF-1 has been discussed from early circumstantial evidence to the recent demonstration that β3-AR acts as a novel HIF-1 target gene by playing like a putative intermediary between oxygen levels and retinal vessel proliferation. Thus, targeting β3-AR may implement the therapeutic armamentarium against neovascular pathologies of the eye.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rosario Amato
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Luca Filippi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Paola Bagnoli
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
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8
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RNA-targeting strategies as a platform for ocular gene therapy. Prog Retin Eye Res 2023; 92:101110. [PMID: 35840489 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2022.101110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Genetic medicine is offering hope as new therapies are emerging for many previously untreatable diseases. The eye is at the forefront of these advances, as exemplified by the approval of Luxturna® by the United States Food and Drug Administration (US FDA) in 2017 for the treatment of one form of Leber Congenital Amaurosis (LCA), an inherited blindness. Luxturna® was also the first in vivo human gene therapy to gain US FDA approval. Numerous gene therapy clinical trials are ongoing for other eye diseases, and novel delivery systems, discovery of new drug targets and emerging technologies are currently driving the field forward. Targeting RNA, in particular, is an attractive therapeutic strategy for genetic disease that may have safety advantages over alternative approaches by avoiding permanent changes in the genome. In this regard, antisense oligonucleotides (ASO) and RNA interference (RNAi) are the currently popular strategies for developing RNA-targeted therapeutics. Enthusiasm has been further fuelled by the emergence of clustered regularly interspersed short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-CRISPR associated (Cas) systems that allow targeted manipulation of nucleic acids. RNA-targeting CRISPR-Cas systems now provide a novel way to develop RNA-targeted therapeutics and may provide superior efficiency and specificity to existing technologies. In addition, RNA base editing technologies using CRISPR-Cas and other modalities also enable precise alteration of single nucleotides. In this review, we showcase advances made by RNA-targeting systems for ocular disease, discuss applications of ASO and RNAi technologies, highlight emerging CRISPR-Cas systems and consider the implications of RNA-targeting therapeutics in the development of future drugs to treat eye disease.
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9
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Liu S, Ju Y, Gu P. Experiment-Based Interventions to Diabetic Retinopathy: Present and Advances. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137005. [PMID: 35806008 PMCID: PMC9267063 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy is the major blinding disease among working-age populations, which is becoming more significant due to the growth of diabetes. The metabolic-induced oxidative and inflammatory stress leads to the insult of neovascular unit, resulting in the core pathophysiology of diabetic retinopathy. Existing therapies focus on the inflammation, oxidation, and angiogenesis phenomena of diabetic retinopathy, without effect to radically cure the disease. This review also summarizes novel therapeutic attempts for diabetic retinopathy along with their advantages and disadvantages, mainly focusing on those using cellular and genetic techniques to achieve remission on a fundamental level of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siwei Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China; (S.L.); (Y.J.)
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Yahan Ju
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China; (S.L.); (Y.J.)
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Ping Gu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China; (S.L.); (Y.J.)
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai 200011, China
- Correspondence:
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10
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Kong L, Li J, Yang Y, Tang H, Zou H. Paeoniflorin alleviates the progression of retinal vein occlusion via inhibiting hypoxia inducible factor-1α/vascular endothelial growth factor/STAT3 pathway. Bioengineered 2022; 13:13622-13631. [PMID: 35653799 PMCID: PMC9275925 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2022.2081755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinal vein occlusion (RVO) is a severe retinal vascular disease involving several complications, leading to weakening of vision and even blindness. Globally, over 16 million patients with RVO were found in the middle-aged population. Paeoniflorin (PF), a monomer of Taohong Siwu decoction, was reported to exhibit many pharmacological activities including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, cardioprotective, and neuroprotective effects. However, the effect of PF on the progression of RVO remains unclear. In the current study, CCK8 assay was performed to investigate the cell viability. In addition, transwell assay and western blot were used to measure cell invasion and protein expression, respectively. Moreover, a mouse model of oxygen-induced dischemic retinopathy (OIR) was established. We found PF was able to inhibit the migration and angiogenesis of human retinal capillary endothelial cells under normoxia. Additionally, PF notably prevented hypoxia-induced angiogenesis of human retinal capillary endothelial cells via inhibiting hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α)/vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)/STAT3 pathway. Eventually, PF significantly alleviated the retinal lesions in the mouse with OIR. All in all, PF was able to alleviate the progression of retinal vein occlusion via inhibiting HIF-1α/VEGF/STAT3 pathway. These findings might provide some theoretical knowledge for exploring novel effective treatment for patients with RVO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingchun Kong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingjing Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuqin Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Huixin Tang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong Zou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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11
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Tang H, Kong L, Yang Y, Li J, Zou H. Puerarin suppresses hypoxia-induced vascular endothelial growth factor upregulation in human retinal pigmented epithelial cells by blocking JAK2/STAT3 pathway. Bioengineered 2022; 13:11636-11645. [PMID: 35510332 PMCID: PMC9275891 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2022.2070586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to explore the mechanism by which puerarin regulated the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in humans' retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells under hypoxia. RPE cells (ARPE-19 and D407 cells) and a rat model of oxygen-induced retinopathy were used in the current study. Western blotting and ELISA were performed to detect the level of JAK2, phosphorylated JAK2, STAT3, phosphorylated STAT3, HIF-1α, and VEGF in cells. In addition, the interaction between JAK2 and STAT3 was determined using with a co-immunoprecipitation assay. We found puerarin inhibited hypoxia-induced upregulation of VEGF at both the mRNA and protein level via decreasing HIF-1α expression in RPE cells. Moreover, puerarin attenuated the interaction between JAK2 and STAT3, and subsequently blocking p-STAT3 nucleus translocation in vitro and in vivo. In conclusion, puerarin could effectively inhibit hypoxia-induced VEGF upregulation in RPE cells via mediated JAK2/STAT3 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huixin Tang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai China
| | - Lingchun Kong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai China
| | - Yuqin Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai China
| | - Jingjing Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai China
| | - Hong Zou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai China
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12
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Cheng Z, Li Y, Wang K, Zhu X, Tharkar P, Shu W, Zhang T, Zeng S, Zhu L, Murray M, Chrzanowski W, Zhou F. Compritol solid lipid nanoparticle formulations enhance the protective effect of betulinic acid derivatives in human Müller cells against oxidative injury. Exp Eye Res 2021; 215:108906. [PMID: 34953864 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2021.108906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Müller cells maintain homeostatic functions in the retina. Their dysfunction leads to irreversible retinal diseases. Oxidative injury is a leading cause of retinal cytotoxicity. Our previous studies reported several betulinic acid (BA) derivatives can protect Müller cells from oxidative injury but achieving pharmacologically effective concentrations in the Müller cells could be a limitation. To optimise cellular delivery, we encapsulated the BA analogues H3, H5 and H7 into the clinically approved Compritol 888 and HD5 ATO solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) using the micro-emulsion method. The cytoprotective effects of these SLN-formulations were determined in human MIO-M1 cells. We found cytoprotection by H3 and H5 SLN-formulations was significantly enhanced, which was evident at concentrations much lower than those required with the free agents. Both SLN-formulations prolonged the duration of action of these agents. The most effective agent H5 delivered in 888 ATO SLNs attenuated glutamate-induced ROS formation and the associated necrosis in MIO-M1 cells. Overall, SLNs have emerged as promising delivery carriers for BA derivatives enhancing their protective effects against oxidative injury in human Müller cells. Our study is the first to show SLNs can be a viable route to delivery agents with improved efficacy and stability into human Müller cells favoring the treatment/prevention of retinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengqi Cheng
- Sydney Pharmacy School, The University of Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia; Bioland Laboratory, Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yue Li
- Sydney Pharmacy School, The University of Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Ke Wang
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Ministry of Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xue Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Ministry of Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Priyanka Tharkar
- Sydney Pharmacy School, The University of Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Wenying Shu
- Sydney Pharmacy School, The University of Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia; Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Province, 511400, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Save Sight Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2000, Australia; State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shaoxue Zeng
- Save Sight Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2000, Australia
| | - Ling Zhu
- Save Sight Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2000, Australia
| | - Michael Murray
- Sydney Pharmacy School, The University of Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Wojciech Chrzanowski
- Sydney Pharmacy School, The University of Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia; The University of Sydney, Sydney Nano Institute, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Fanfan Zhou
- Sydney Pharmacy School, The University of Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.
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13
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Yang B, Li G, Liu J, Li X, Zhang S, Sun F, Liu W. Nanotechnology for Age-Related Macular Degeneration. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13122035. [PMID: 34959316 PMCID: PMC8705006 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13122035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a degenerative eye disease that is the leading cause of irreversible vision loss in people 50 years and older. Today, the most common treatment for AMD involves repeated intravitreal injections of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) drugs. However, the existing expensive therapies not only cannot cure this disease, they also produce a variety of side effects. For example, the number of injections increases the cumulative risk of endophthalmitis and other complications. Today, a single intravitreal injection of gene therapy products can greatly reduce the burden of treatment and improve visual effects. In addition, the latest innovations in nanotherapy provide the best drug delivery alternative for the treatment of AMD. In this review, we discuss the development of nano-drug delivery systems and gene therapy strategies for AMD in recent years. In addition, we discuss some novel targeting strategies and the potential application of these delivery methods in the treatment of AMD. Finally, we also propose that the combination of CRISPR/Cas9 technology with a new non-viral delivery system may be promising as a therapeutic strategy for the treatment of AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China;
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; (G.L.); (J.L.); (X.L.); (S.Z.); (F.S.)
| | - Ge Li
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; (G.L.); (J.L.); (X.L.); (S.Z.); (F.S.)
| | - Jiaxin Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; (G.L.); (J.L.); (X.L.); (S.Z.); (F.S.)
| | - Xiangyu Li
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; (G.L.); (J.L.); (X.L.); (S.Z.); (F.S.)
| | - Shixin Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; (G.L.); (J.L.); (X.L.); (S.Z.); (F.S.)
| | - Fengying Sun
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; (G.L.); (J.L.); (X.L.); (S.Z.); (F.S.)
| | - Wenhua Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China;
- Correspondence:
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