1
|
Liu M, Song W, Gao W, Jiang L, Pan H, Luo D, Shi L. Impact of Latent Virus Infection in the Cornea on Corneal Healing after Small Incision Lenticule Extraction. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2441. [PMID: 37894101 PMCID: PMC10609374 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11102441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study is to analyze the impact of cornea virus latent infection on corneal healing after small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) and predict the positive rate of virus latent infection in corneal stroma. A total of 279 patients who underwent SMILE were included in this study. Fluorescence quantitative PCR was used to detect virus infection in the lenticules, which were taken from the corneal stroma during SMILE. Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), and cytomegalovirus (CMV) were detected. Postoperative visual acuity, spherical equivalent, intraocular pressure, corneal curvature (Kf and Ks), corneal transparency, and corneal staining were compared between the virus-positive group and the virus-negative group. The number of corneal stromal cells and inflammatory cells, corneal nerve fiber density (CNFD), corneal nerve branch density (CNBD), corneal nerve fiber length (CNFL), corneal total branch density (CTBD), and corneal nerve fiber width (CNFW) were evaluated using an in vivo confocal microscope. Out of 240 herpes simplex virus (HSV) tested samples, 11 (4.58%) were positive, among which 5 (2.08%) were HSV-1-positive and 6 (2.50%) were HSV-2-positive. None of the 91 CMV- and EBV-tested samples were positive. There was no statistical significance in the postoperative visual acuity, spherical equivalent, intraocular pressure, Kf and Ks, corneal transparency, corneal staining, the number of corneal stromal cells and inflammatory cells, CNFD, CNBD, CNFL, CTBD, and CNFW between the virus-positive and virus-negative groups (p > 0.05). In conclusion, there is a certain proportion of latent HSV infection in the myopia population. Femtosecond lasers are less likely to activate a latent infection of HSV in the cornea. The latent infection of HSV has no significant impact on corneal healing after SMILE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ming Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Anhui Second Provincial People’s Hospital, Dangshan Road 1868, Hefei 230041, China (W.G.); (L.J.); (H.P.)
| | - Wenting Song
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Hefei 230001, China; (W.S.); (D.L.)
| | - Wen Gao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Anhui Second Provincial People’s Hospital, Dangshan Road 1868, Hefei 230041, China (W.G.); (L.J.); (H.P.)
| | - Lili Jiang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Anhui Second Provincial People’s Hospital, Dangshan Road 1868, Hefei 230041, China (W.G.); (L.J.); (H.P.)
| | - Hongbiao Pan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Anhui Second Provincial People’s Hospital, Dangshan Road 1868, Hefei 230041, China (W.G.); (L.J.); (H.P.)
| | - Dan Luo
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Hefei 230001, China; (W.S.); (D.L.)
| | - Lei Shi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Anhui Second Provincial People’s Hospital, Dangshan Road 1868, Hefei 230041, China (W.G.); (L.J.); (H.P.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Horstmann ME, Al Hariri M, Grabitz SD, Bu JB, Apel M, Pfeiffer N, Wasielica-Poslednik J. Prevalence of Herpes Simplex and Varicella-Zoster Virus DNA in Corneal Grafts Is Higher than Expected. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2405. [PMID: 37894062 PMCID: PMC10609215 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11102405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE (1) To determine the prevalence of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and type 2 (HSV-2), varicella-zoster virus (VZV), and cytomegalovirus (CMV) DNA in donor corneas; (2) To evaluate the clinical outcome of the grafts with viral DNA and to compare donors with and without viral DNA. METHODS We analyzed data from all donors and recipients who underwent penetrating keratoplasty (PK) or Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK) between September 2022 and March 2023. Donor corneoscleral rims and excised recipients' corneal buttons were tested for the presence of HSV-1, HSV-2, VZV, and CMV DNA by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The results were known 2-3 days after the surgery. We closely followed up on patients whose grafts tested positive for viral DNA. We compared the medical histories of donors with and without viral DNA. RESULTS We included 85 corneas from 67 donors. Seven (8.2%) donor corneas tested positive for HSV-1 (n = 3) or VZV (n = 4) DNA. We did not detect any HSV-2 or CMV DNA. In the postoperative follow-up of patients with positive PCR, a graft failure was observed in one and infections in two eyes. Re-operation was necessary in three of these cases (42.9%). Patients without herpes DNA in the donor cornea needed reoperation in 7.7% of the cases. Cultural duration, the cause of the donor's death, and the death-to-explantation interval did not differ significantly between donors with and without viral DNA. Additionally, 3 of the 7 (42.9%) donors with positive PCR were in a septic status at the time of death, compared to 21 of the 78 (26.9%) donors with negative PCR (p = 0.52). CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of herpes DNA in the donor corneas was 8.2% and thus higher than previously reported. We did not notice any evidence for a donor-to-host transmission, but a higher rate of postoperative complications in recipients of the grafts with viral DNA. The donors with and without herpetic DNA did not differ significantly regarding systemic diagnoses or cultural conditions, but sepsis was more frequent in the group with viral DNA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marie Ella Horstmann
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany (J.W.-P.)
| | - Mohammad Al Hariri
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany (J.W.-P.)
| | - Stephanie D. Grabitz
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany (J.W.-P.)
| | - Julia Bing Bu
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany (J.W.-P.)
| | - Melissa Apel
- Eye Bank of Rhineland-Palatinate in Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Norbert Pfeiffer
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany (J.W.-P.)
| | - Joanna Wasielica-Poslednik
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany (J.W.-P.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Asghari B, Brocks DC. Early Postoperative Therapeutic Scleral Lens Intervention for Penetrating Keratoplasty Complications in Atopic Keratoconjunctivitis. Eye Contact Lens 2023; 49:254-257. [PMID: 37167589 DOI: 10.1097/icl.0000000000000997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT A 52-year-old white man with keratoconus and severe atopic keratoconjunctivitis underwent penetrating keratoplasty (PK) for visual rehabilitation in the left eye. Post-PK complications included a persistent epithelial defect. Therapeutic scleral lens wear was initiated 2 weeks post-PK. Customizations were incorporated into the lens design to prevent suction and corneal hypoxia during lens wear. Post-PK herpes epithelial keratitis developed shortly thereafter, causing recurrence of a nonhealing epithelial defect. The patient was treated with oral antiviral therapy, discontinuation of dupilumab, and daily waking-hour scleral lens wear, which was used as an antibiotic drug delivery device. The cornea fully epithelialized, and best-corrected visual acuity improved to 20/40-2. The patient continued with daily waking-hour scleral lens wear and was without recurrence of persistent epithelial defect or herpes keratitis at 18 months. No scleral lens-related complications were observed despite the unconventional early intervention with a therapeutic scleral lens.
Collapse
|
4
|
Chuckpaiwong V, Phimpho P, Lekhanont K, Kaewkorn P, Jongkhajornpong P. Epstein-Barr Virus Keratouveitis-Induced Malignant Glaucoma After Penetrating Keratoplasty: A Case Report and Literature Review. Ocul Immunol Inflamm 2023:1-7. [PMID: 37155286 DOI: 10.1080/09273948.2023.2208659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To report a case of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) keratouveitis-induced malignant glaucoma after repeat penetrating keratoplasty (PK). METHODS Retrospective review of the patient's medical records and review of literature on EBV corneal endotheliitis and/or anterior uveitis. RESULTS A 78-year-old Thai female patient presented with a markedly edematous corneal graft, dense pigmented keratic precipitates, fibrinous anterior chamber reaction, uniformly flat anterior chamber, and ocular hypertension of 55 mmHg in the left eye on the first day after the third PK. An aqueous tap for polymerase chain reaction analysis was positive for EBV DNA but negative for other herpesviruses. The patient was diagnosed with EBV endotheliitis and anterior uveitis-induced malignant glaucoma; and successfully treated with oral valacyclovir and topical 2% ganciclovir eye drops. CONCLUSIONS EBV endotheliitis and anterior uveitis can induce malignant glaucoma following PK. A high index of suspicion is required when a patient has a history of unexplained multiple graft rejections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Puttiya Kaewkorn
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Passara Jongkhajornpong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zang YX, Peng RM, Ben HZ, Qu JH, Xiao GG, Shuai LX, Zhang P, Feng LN, Hong J. Destructive effects on endothelial cells of grafts in cytomegalovirus DNA-positive patients after keratoplasty. Int J Ophthalmol 2023; 16:53-59. [PMID: 36659934 PMCID: PMC9815977 DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2023.01.08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate corneal graft survival rate and endothelial cell density (ECD) loss after keratoplasty in cytomegalovirus (CMV) positive patients. METHODS This was a retrospective cohort study. We analyzed the clinical data of patients who underwent viral DNA detection in aqueous humor/corneal tissue collected during keratoplasty from March 2015 to December 2018 at the Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China. To further evaluate the effect of CMV on graft survival rate and ECD loss, patients were divided into three groups: 1) CMV DNA positive (CMV+) group; 2) viral DNA negative (virus-) group, comprising virus- group eyes pairwise matched to eyes in the CMV+ group according to ocular comorbidities; 3) control group, comprising virus- group eyes without ocular comorbidities. The follow-up indicators including graft survival rate, ECD, ECD loss, and central corneal thickness (CCT), were analyzed by Tukey honestly significant difference (HSD) test. RESULTS Each group included 29 cases. The graft survival rate in CMV+ group were lowest among the three groups (P=0.000). No significant difference in donor graft ECD was found among three groups (P=0.54). ECD in the CMV+ group was lower than the virus- group at 12 (P=0.009), and 24mo (P=0.002) after keratoplasties. Furthermore, ECD loss was higher in the CMV+ group than in the virus- group in the middle stage (6-12mo) post-keratoplasty (P=0.017), and significantly higher in the early stage (0-6mo) in the virus- group than in the control group (P=0.000). CONCLUSION CMV reduces the graft survival rate and exerts persistent detrimental effects on the ECD after keratoplasty. The graft ECD loss associate with CMV infection mainly occurrs in the middle stage (6-12mo postoperatively), while ocular comorbidities mainly affects ECD in the early stage (0-6mo postoperatively).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Xiao Zang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China,Key Laboratory of Vision Loss and Restoration, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Rong-Mei Peng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China,Key Laboratory of Vision Loss and Restoration, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Han-Zhi Ben
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China,Key Laboratory of Vision Loss and Restoration, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jing-Hao Qu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China,Key Laboratory of Vision Loss and Restoration, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Ge-Ge Xiao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China,Key Laboratory of Vision Loss and Restoration, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Li-Xue Shuai
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China,Key Laboratory of Vision Loss and Restoration, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Pei Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China,Key Laboratory of Vision Loss and Restoration, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Li-Na Feng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China,Key Laboratory of Vision Loss and Restoration, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jing Hong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China,Key Laboratory of Vision Loss and Restoration, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100191, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Prevalence of Herpesvirus DNA in Corneal Transplant Recipients. J Clin Med 2022; 12:jcm12010289. [PMID: 36615088 PMCID: PMC9821747 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12010289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Graft failure after penetrating keratoplasty (PK) is a serious complication, especially in eyes with herpetic keratitis (HK). This study evaluated the prevalence and graft survival of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and varicella zoster virus (VZV) DNA in recipient corneas during PK. Methods: The retrospective study was performed at the Department of Ophthalmology at University Hospital in Mainz, Germany. We analyzed data from every patient who underwent PK between January 2020 and June 2021. According to our clinical routine, we performed HSV-1 and VZV polymerase chain reaction (PCR) on all excised corneal buttons regardless of the primary clinical diagnosis. Results: We included 112 eyes of 112 consecutive patients who underwent PK. At the time of PK, 91 (81.25%) patients had no history of HK and 21 (18.75%) patients did. The recipient corneas of 91 patients without a history of HK tested positive for HSV-1 DNA in 12 (13.2%) eyes, for VZV DNA in 3 (3.3%) eyes, and for HSV-1 and VZV DNA simultaneously in 2 (2.2%) eyes. The recipient corneas of 21 patients with a preoperative history of HK tested positive for HSV-1 DNA in 13 (61.9%) eyes and VZV DNA in 1 (4.8%) eye. All patients with positive herpes DNA and no history of HK prior to PK received antiherpetic treatment and had a 100% graft survival rate after 1 year. Conclusions: We found herpesvirus DNA in 18.7% of recipient corneas without clinical suspicion or history of herpes keratitis. This suggests the need of routine HSV-1 and VZV PCR testing in all explanted corneas regardless of clinical suspicion, to detect, treat and prevent possible recurrence of herpes infection in corneal grafts and support graft survival.
Collapse
|
7
|
RT-PCR Testing of Organ Culture Medium for Corneal Storage Fails to Detect SARS-CoV-2 Infection Due to Lack of Viral Replication. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11020133. [PMID: 35215077 PMCID: PMC8874787 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11020133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Concerns of possible transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from donors to patients by corneal transplantation have caused a decline in corneal transplantations. Graft culture media are routinely tested for infectious risks, but it is unclear whether this constitutes a viable means to avoid transmitting SARS-CoV-2 via keratoplasty. We found that SARS-CoV-2 RNA was not present in the medium after seven days of organ culture of corneas from donors (n = 4), who were SARS-CoV-2-positive upon tissue procurement. These medium samples showed no presence of viral RNA. To pursue this question under controlled conditions and further exclude the possibility of productive infection in corneal grafts, we inoculated corneoscleral discs from healthy donors (n = 8) with infectious SARS-CoV-2 and performed PCR testing of the culture medium at various time points. After seven days of culture, we also tested for SARS-CoV-2 RNA within the inoculated corneal tissue. The medium from tissue samples inoculated with SARS-CoV-2 showed no increase in viral RNA, which may indicate lack of viral replication in these corneal grafts. SARS-CoV-2-RNA was, however, detected on or in corneal tissue seven days after inoculation. Our data suggest that corneal grafts may not be permissive for replication of SARS-CoV-2 and demonstrates that PCR testing of culture media cannot safely exclude that tissue has been exposed to SARS-CoV-2. It also demonstrates the difficulty to differentiate between virus adherence and virus replication by PCR testing in SARS-CoV-2 exposed tissue.
Collapse
|
8
|
Zhang S, Zang Y, Lu Q, Ma J, Jiang X, Qu J, Zhang J, Peng R, Luo M, Hong J. Establishing an Animal Model of Cytomegalovirus Keratouveitis in Rats: Broad Infection of Anterior Segment Tissue by Cytomegalovirus. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2021; 62:22. [PMID: 34698772 PMCID: PMC8556561 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.62.13.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Considering the difficulty of obtaining adequate biological tissue in clinical practice, we established an animal model of cytomegalovirus (CMV) keratouveitis in rats and investigated the viral infection sites and corresponding imaging and histopathological features. Methods Subconjunctival injection and topical use of dexamethasone were used to induce ocular immunosuppression in rats followed by intracameral inoculation of murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV). The clinical manifestations, intraocular pressure (IOP) and imaging changes were observed. Infected eyes were further examined by immunofluorescence, light microscopy, and electron microscopy. MCMV RNA was detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Results Typical keratouveitis occurred in the experimental rats and was characterized by corneal edema, keratic precipitates, and iridocyclitis with increased IOP. Corneal endothelial lesions displayed as “black holes,” enlarged intercellular gaps, and high-intensity cellular infiltration by confocal microscopy, consistent with the pathological changes of “ballooning degeneration,” endothelial cell detachment, and inflammatory cell infiltration. Mitochondrial edema was the most prominent organelle lesion in endothelial cells. Trabeculitis, mechanical obstruction of Schlemm's canal, and anterior chamber angle stenosis accounted for elevated IOP. Inflammation of the iris and ciliary body tended to transform into a chronic form. Immunofluorescence revealed that corneal endothelial cells, iris cells, trabecular meshwork cells, and monocytes could be infected by MCMV. MCMV RNA was found in the anterior segments after infection. Conclusions CMV can widely infect anterior segment tissue, including the corneal endothelium, iris, and trabecular meshwork, in vivo, inducing the corresponding clinical manifestations. Corneal endotheliitis and hypertensive anterior uveitis could be the specific stage of anterior segment infection of CMV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing Key Laboratory of Restoration of Damaged Ocular Nerve, Peking University Third Hospital, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Yunxiao Zang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing Key Laboratory of Restoration of Damaged Ocular Nerve, Peking University Third Hospital, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Qing Lu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing Key Laboratory of Restoration of Damaged Ocular Nerve, Peking University Third Hospital, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Jiao Ma
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing Key Laboratory of Restoration of Damaged Ocular Nerve, Peking University Third Hospital, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Xuan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Jinghao Qu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing Key Laboratory of Restoration of Damaged Ocular Nerve, Peking University Third Hospital, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaxin Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing Key Laboratory of Restoration of Damaged Ocular Nerve, Peking University Third Hospital, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Rongmei Peng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing Key Laboratory of Restoration of Damaged Ocular Nerve, Peking University Third Hospital, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Minhua Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Hong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing Key Laboratory of Restoration of Damaged Ocular Nerve, Peking University Third Hospital, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Guerra-Assunção JA, van Kampen JJ, Roy S, Remeijer L, Breuer J, Verjans GMM. Cluster of Symptomatic Graft-to-Host Transmission of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 in an Endothelial Keratoplasty Setting. OPHTHALMOLOGY SCIENCE 2021; 1:100051. [PMID: 36247820 PMCID: PMC9562293 DOI: 10.1016/j.xops.2021.100051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
10
|
Menzel-Severing J, Salla S, Geerling G. Eye Banks: Future Perspectives. Klin Monbl Augenheilkd 2021; 238:674-678. [PMID: 34157769 DOI: 10.1055/a-1478-4277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Technological progress and societal change are transforming medicine, and cornea banks are no exception. New infectiological factors, statutory requirements, management concepts, globalisation and digitalisation are also influencing how such facilities will operate in the future. The goal of providing high quality material to patients with corneal disease remains unaltered. The present article seeks to shed light on the type of material this will involve and under what circumstances it is to be obtained.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sabine Salla
- Klinik für Augenheilkunde, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, Deutschland
| | - Gerd Geerling
- Klinik für Augenheilkunde, Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf, Deutschland
| |
Collapse
|