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Astasheva IB, Guseva MR, Atamuradov R, Smirnov DN, Marenkov VV, Kyun YA, Baranova AR. [Morphological features of an optic nerve in premature infants according to the optical coherence tomography data]. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2024; 124:92-101. [PMID: 38884435 DOI: 10.17116/jnevro202412405192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the morphological state of the visual analyzer in premature infants in long-term. MATERIAL AND METHODS We examined 40 premature children (74 eyes) aged 10.3±2.92 years (gestational age (GA) 25-34 weeks, birth weight (BW) 690-2700 g). Twenty mature children (40 eyes), aged 10.8±3.05 years, were examined as a control group. The children underwent standard ophthalmologic examination, optical coherence tomography (OCT) and recording of visual evoked potentials (VEP). RESULTS The thickness of retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) is less in preterm infants than in term infants, regardless of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) and refraction (p<0.05). Thickness loss has an inverse proportion with the degree of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) and intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) (p<0.05). Retinal thickness in fovea is significantly greater in preterm infants and has a direct proportionality with the degree of IVH and the number of days on artificial lung ventilation (p<0.05). Moderate organic changes were detected in conduction pathways in 43.08% of premature infants according to VEP data. CONCLUSION The use of OCT and recording of VEP may improve the quality of comprehensive neuro-ophthalmologic diagnosis in preterm infants. The thickness loss of RNFL can be expected in premature infants with HIE and IVH.
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Affiliation(s)
- I B Astasheva
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - M R Guseva
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - R Atamuradov
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - D N Smirnov
- Yudin City Clinical Hospital, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Yu A Kyun
- Morozov Children's City Clinical Hospital, Moscow, Russia
| | - A R Baranova
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
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2
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Ural Fatihoglu O, Fatihoglu SG. The ganglion cell complex damage in coronary artery disease. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2023; 44:103789. [PMID: 37666380 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2023.103789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aims to investigate the correlation between macular thickness, retinal nerve fiber layer thickness, ganglion cell complex thickness, and Gensini scores in patients who have undergone coronary angiography, using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography. METHODS We retrospectively evaluated optical coherence tomography results from patients who had undergone coronary angiography between January 2019 and January 2021 due to coronary artery disease, with angiography performed within one month of the optical coherence tomography examination. Based on their Gensini scores, patients were classified into two groups: mild coronary artery disease (Gensini score ≤ 20, Group 1) and severe coronary artery disease (Gensini score > 20, Group 2). RESULTS Group 1 comprised 28 patients with an average age of 61.3 ± 10.2, while Group 2 consisted of 25 patients with an average age of 65.4 ± 9.6. While there was no statistically significant difference found in retinal nerve fiber layer and macular thickness between the groups, the ganglion cell complex thickness was significantly thinner in Group 2 in the inner superior temporal (112.55 ± 34.12 µm vs. 99.68 ± 37.81 µm, p = 0.026), inner superior nasal (121.14 ± 32.92 µm vs. 108.36±24.53 µm, p = 0.012), inner inferior nasal (120.81 ± 32.34 µm vs. 108.45 ± 12.53 µm, p = 0.048), and superior (99.11 ± 25.91 µm vs. 88.77 ± 16.75 µm, p = 0.020) regions. Furthermore, a significant negative correlation was observed between the Gensini score and the ganglion cell complex thickness in both the inner superior nasal and superior regions. CONCLUSION Compared to patients with mild coronary artery disease, those with severe disease exhibited a significant decrease in ganglion cell complex thickness in the superior and inner superior nasal regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozlem Ural Fatihoglu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Akhisar Mustafa Kirazoglu State Hospital, P.O: 45200, Manisa, Turkey.
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3
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Ibarra-Ramírez M, Fernandez-de-Luna ML, Campos-Acevedo LD, Arenas-Estala J, Martínez-de-Villarreal LE, Rodríguez-Garza C, DeLagarza-Pineda O, Mohamed-Noriega J. Optic nerve abnormalities in female-restricted Wieacker-Wolff syndrome by a novel variant in the ZC4H2 gene. Ophthalmic Genet 2023; 44:465-468. [PMID: 37519288 DOI: 10.1080/13816810.2023.2237578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Wieacker-Wolff syndrome is an ultra-rare disease with X-linked inheritance characterized by arthrogryposis, intellectual disability, microcephaly, and distal limb muscle atrophy. Ophthalmic abnormalities such as ptosis, strabismus, and oculomotor apraxia have been reported in half of the patients. Wieacker-Wolff syndrome female-restricted (WRWFFR) is an even rarer disease recently used for females with a more severe phenotype. MATERIALS AND METHODS Clinical geneticist and ophthalmic examination, neuroimaging, and exome sequencing. RESULTS A 4 years-old girl with developmental and language delay, microcephaly, camptodactyly, digital pads, and arthrogryposis was identified by the clinical geneticist. Ophthalmic examination revealed deep-set eyes, high hyperopic astigmatism in both eyes, and reduced retinal nerve fiber layer thickness measured by optical coherence tomography. Exome sequencing identified a novel, probably pathogenic variant in the ZC4H2 gene NM_018684.3:c.145A>T p. (Lys49*) in heterozygosis. DISCUSSION WRWFFR is an ultra-rare disease with X-linked inheritance by variants in the ZC4H2 gene. This case reports a girl with a novel nonsense variant in the ZC4H2 gene and a severe phenotype; previous reports have identified WRWFFR in females with large deletions and nonsense mutations which could explain the manifestations in the current case report. A complete ophthalmic examination should be considered in patients with WRWFFR to detect the possibly associated optic nerve involvement and other previously described manifestations such as ptosis and strabismus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisol Ibarra-Ramírez
- Department of Genetics, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Nuevo Leon (UANL), San Nicolas de los Garza, Mexico
| | - Marissa L Fernandez-de-Luna
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Nuevo Leon (UANL), San Nicolas de los Garza, Mexico
| | - Luis D Campos-Acevedo
- Department of Genetics, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Nuevo Leon (UANL), San Nicolas de los Garza, Mexico
| | - Joel Arenas-Estala
- Department of Genetics, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Nuevo Leon (UANL), San Nicolas de los Garza, Mexico
| | - Laura E Martínez-de-Villarreal
- Department of Genetics, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Nuevo Leon (UANL), San Nicolas de los Garza, Mexico
| | - Claudia Rodríguez-Garza
- Department of Radiology and Imaging, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Nuevo Leon (UANL), San Nicolas de los Garza, Mexico
| | - Oscar DeLagarza-Pineda
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Nuevo Leon (UANL), San Nicolas de los Garza, Mexico
| | - Jibran Mohamed-Noriega
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Nuevo Leon (UANL), San Nicolas de los Garza, Mexico
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4
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Taparli OE, Shahi PK, Cagatay NS, Aycan N, Ozaydin B, Yapici S, Liu X, Cikla U, Zafer D, Eickhoff JC, Ferrazzano P, Pattnaik BR, Cengiz P. Selectively compromised inner retina function following hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy in mice: A noninvasive measure of severity of the injury. Neurochem Int 2023; 163:105471. [PMID: 36592700 PMCID: PMC9905320 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2022.105471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The intricate system of connections between the eye and the brain implies that there are common pathways for the eye and brain that get activated following injury. Hypoxia-ischemia (HI) related encephalopathy is a consequence of brain injury caused by oxygen and blood flow deprivation that may result in visual disturbances and neurodevelopmental disorders in surviving neonates. We have previously shown that the tyrosine receptor kinase B (TrkB) agonist/modulator improves neuronal survival and long-term neuroprotection in a sexually differential way. In this study, we tested the hypotheses that; 1) TrkB agonist therapy improves the visual function in a sexually differential way; 2) Visual function detected by electroretinogram (ERG) correlates with severity of brain injury detected by magnetic resonance (MRI) imaging following neonatal HI in mice. To test our hypotheses, we used C57/BL6 mice at postnatal day (P) 9 and subjected them to either Vannucci's rodent model of neonatal HI or sham surgery. ERG was performed at P 30, 60, and 90. MRI was performed following the completion of the ERG. ERG in these mice showed that the a-wave is normal, but the b-wave amplitude is severely abnormal, reducing the b/a wave amplitude ratio. Inner retina function was found to be perturbed as we detected severely attenuated oscillatory potential after HI. No sex differences were detected in the injury and severity pattern to the retina as well as in response to 7,8-DHF therapy. Strong correlations were detected between the percent change in b/a ratio and percent hemispheric/hippocampal tissue loss obtained by MRI, suggesting that ERG is a valuable noninvasive tool that can predict the long-term severity of brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Onur E Taparli
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI, USA; Department of Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI, USA
| | - Pawan K Shahi
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI, USA; McPherson Eye Research Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI, USA
| | - Nur Sena Cagatay
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI, USA; Department of Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI, USA
| | - Nur Aycan
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI, USA
| | - Burak Ozaydin
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI, USA
| | - Sefer Yapici
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI, USA; Department of Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI, USA
| | - Xinying Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI, USA
| | - Ulas Cikla
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI, USA; Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI, USA
| | - Dila Zafer
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI, USA; Department of Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI, USA
| | - Jens C Eickhoff
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI, USA
| | - Peter Ferrazzano
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI, USA; Department of Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI, USA
| | - Bikash R Pattnaik
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI, USA; McPherson Eye Research Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI, USA; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI, USA.
| | - Pelin Cengiz
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI, USA; Department of Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI, USA.
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Vujosevic S, Parra MM, Hartnett ME, O'Toole L, Nuzzi A, Limoli C, Villani E, Nucci P. Optical coherence tomography as retinal imaging biomarker of neuroinflammation/neurodegeneration in systemic disorders in adults and children. Eye (Lond) 2023; 37:203-219. [PMID: 35428871 PMCID: PMC9012155 DOI: 10.1038/s41433-022-02056-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The retina and the optic nerve are considered extensions of the central nervous system (CNS) and thus can serve as the window for evaluation of CNS disorders. Spectral domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) allows for detailed evaluation of the retina and the optic nerve. OCT can non-invasively document changes in single retina layer thickness and structure due to neuronal and retinal glial cells (RGC) modifications in systemic and local inflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases. These can include evaluation of retinal nerve fibre layer and ganglion cell complex, hyper-reflective retinal spots (HRS, sign of activated microglial cells in the retina), subfoveal neuroretinal detachment, disorganization of the inner retinal layers (DRIL), thickness and integrity of the outer retinal layers and choroidal thickness. This review paper will report the most recent data on the use of OCT as a non invasive imaging biomarker for evaluation of the most common systemic neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative/neurocognitive disorders in the adults and in paediatric population. In the adult population the main focus will be on diabetes mellitus, multiple sclerosis, optic neuromyelitis, neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders, longitudinal extensive transverse myelitis, Alzheimer and Parkinson diseases, Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Huntington's disease and schizophrenia. In the paediatric population, demyelinating diseases, lysosomal storage diseases, Nieman Pick type C disease, hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy, human immunodeficiency virus, leukodystrophies spinocerebellar ataxia will be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stela Vujosevic
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
- Eye Clinic, IRCCS MultiMedica, Milan, Italy.
| | - M Margarita Parra
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, John A. Moran Eye Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - M Elizabeth Hartnett
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, John A. Moran Eye Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Louise O'Toole
- Department of Ophthalmology Mater Private Network, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Alessia Nuzzi
- Eye Clinic, IRCCS MultiMedica, Milan, Italy
- University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Celeste Limoli
- Eye Clinic, IRCCS MultiMedica, Milan, Italy
- University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Edoardo Villani
- Eye Clinic, IRCCS MultiMedica, Milan, Italy
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Nucci
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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6
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Warwick AM, Bomze HM, Wang L, Klingeborn M, Hao Y, Stinnett SS, Gospe III SM. Continuous Hypoxia Reduces Retinal Ganglion Cell Degeneration in a Mouse Model of Mitochondrial Optic Neuropathy. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2022; 63:21. [PMID: 36538003 PMCID: PMC9769749 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.63.13.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To test whether continuous hypoxia is neuroprotective to retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) in a mouse model of mitochondrial optic neuropathy. Methods RGC degeneration was assessed in genetically modified mice in which the floxed gene for the complex I subunit NDUFS4 is deleted from RGCs using Vlgut2-driven Cre recombinase. Beginning at postnatal day 25 (P25), Vglut2-Cre;ndufs4loxP/loxP mice and control littermates were housed under hypoxia (11% oxygen) or kept under normoxia (21% oxygen). Survival of RGC somas and axons was assessed at P60 and P90 via histological analysis of retinal flatmounts and optic nerve cross-sections, respectively. Retinal tissue was also assessed for gliosis and neuroinflammation using western blot and immunofluorescence. Results Consistent with our previous characterization of this model, at least one-third of RGCs had degenerated by P60 in Vglut2-Cre;ndufs4loxP/loxP mice remaining under normoxia. However, continuous hypoxia resulted in complete rescue of RGC somas and axons at this time point, with normal axonal myelination observed on electron microscopy. Though only partial, hypoxia-mediated rescue of complex I-deficient RGC somas and axons remained significant at P90. Hypoxia prevented reactive gliosis at P60, but the retinal accumulation of Iba1+ mononuclear phagocytic cells was not substantially reduced. Conclusions Continuous hypoxia achieved dramatic rescue of early RGC degeneration in mice with severe mitochondrial dysfunction. Although complete rescue was not durable to P90, our observations suggest that investigating the mechanisms underlying hypoxia-mediated neuroprotection of RGCs may identify useful therapeutic strategies for optic neuropathies resulting from less profound mitochondrial impairment, such as Leber hereditary optic neuropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander M. Warwick
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States
| | - Howard M. Bomze
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States,Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States
| | - Luyu Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States
| | - Mikael Klingeborn
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States
| | - Ying Hao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States
| | - Sandra S. Stinnett
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States
| | - Sidney M. Gospe III
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States
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7
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Astasheva IB, Guseva MR, Atamuradov R, Marenkov VV, Kyun YA. [Modern possibilities of diagnosing lesions of the visual analyzer in perinatal lesions of the central nervous system in full-term and premature infants]. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2022; 122:7-15. [PMID: 36537625 DOI: 10.17116/jnevro20221221217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The article provides an overview of current neuro-ophthalmological diagnostic capabilities in patients with perinatal lesions. The main attention is paid to the diagnosis of patients with periventricular leukomalacia and peri- and intraventricular hemorrhages. The most relevant methods of neuro-ophthalmological diagnosis in hypoxic-ischemic CNS lesions are covered. The functions and peculiarities of blood supply of the germinal matrix are described. The importance of the use of optical coherence tomography and visual evoked potential recording in full-term and premature infants with visual pathway and/or visual cortex lesions in brain lesions is discussed. The conclusion emphasizes the need for an interdisciplinary approach in the examination of children with perinatal CNS lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- I B Astasheva
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - M R Guseva
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - R Atamuradov
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Yu A Kyun
- Morozov Children's City Clinical Hospital, Moscow, Russia
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8
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Rey-Funes M, Contartese DS, Peláez R, García-Sanmartín J, Narro-Íñiguez J, Soliño M, Fernández JC, Sarotto A, Ciranna NS, López-Costa JJ, Dorfman VB, Larrayoz IM, Loidl CF, Martínez A. Hypothermic Shock Applied After Perinatal Asphyxia Prevents Retinal Damage in Rats. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:651599. [PMID: 33897437 PMCID: PMC8060653 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.651599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Perinatal asphyxia (PA) can cause retinopathy and different degrees of visual loss, including total blindness. In a rat model of PA, we have previously shown a protective effect of hypothermia on the retina when applied simultaneously with the hypoxic insult. In the present work, we evaluated the possible protective effect of hypothermia on the retina of PA rats when applied immediately after delivery. Four experimental groups were studied: Rats born naturally as controls (CTL), animals that were exposed to PA for 20 min at 37°C (PA), animals exposed to PA for 20 min at 15°C (HYP), and animals that were exposed to PA for 20 min at 37°C and, immediately after birth, kept for 15 min at 8°C (HYP-PA). To evaluate the integrity of the visual pathway, animals were subjected to electroretinography at 45 days of age. Molecular (real time PCR) and histological (immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, TUNEL assay) techniques were applied to the eyes of all experimental groups collected at 6, 12, 24, and 48 h, and 6 days after birth. PA resulted in a significant reduction in the amplitude of the a- and b-wave and oscillatory potentials (OP) of the electroretinogram. All animals treated with hypothermia had a significant correction of the a-wave and OP, but the b-wave was fully corrected in the HYP group but only partially in the HYP-PA group. The number of TUNEL-positive cells increased sharply in the ganglion cell layer of the PA animals and this increase was significantly prevented by both hypothermia treatments. Expression of the cold-shock proteins, cold-inducible RNA binding protein (CIRP) and RNA binding motif protein 3 (RBM3), was undetectable in retinas of the CTL and PA groups, but they were highly expressed in ganglion neurons and cells of the inner nuclear layer of the HYP and HYP-PA groups. In conclusion, our results suggest that a post-partum hypothermic shock could represent a useful and affordable method to prevent asphyxia-related vision disabling sequelae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Rey-Funes
- Laboratorio de Neuropatología Experimental, Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencia "Prof, E. De Robertis" (IBCN), Facultad de Medicina, CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Departamento de Biología Celular, Histología, Embriología y Genética, Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencia "Prof, E. De Robertis" (IBCN), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Daniela S Contartese
- Laboratorio de Neuropatología Experimental, Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencia "Prof, E. De Robertis" (IBCN), Facultad de Medicina, CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Rafael Peláez
- Biomarkers and Molecular Signaling Group, Center for Biomedical Research of La Rioja, Logroño, Spain
| | - Josune García-Sanmartín
- Angiogenesis Group, Oncology Area, Center for Biomedical Research of La Rioja, Logroño, Spain
| | - Judit Narro-Íñiguez
- Angiogenesis Group, Oncology Area, Center for Biomedical Research of La Rioja, Logroño, Spain
| | - Manuel Soliño
- Laboratorio de Neuropatología Experimental, Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencia "Prof, E. De Robertis" (IBCN), Facultad de Medicina, CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Juan Carlos Fernández
- Laboratorio de Neuropatología Experimental, Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencia "Prof, E. De Robertis" (IBCN), Facultad de Medicina, CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Aníbal Sarotto
- Laboratorio de Neuropatología Experimental, Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencia "Prof, E. De Robertis" (IBCN), Facultad de Medicina, CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Nicolás S Ciranna
- Laboratorio de Neuropatología Experimental, Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencia "Prof, E. De Robertis" (IBCN), Facultad de Medicina, CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Juan José López-Costa
- Laboratorio de Neuropatología Experimental, Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencia "Prof, E. De Robertis" (IBCN), Facultad de Medicina, CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Departamento de Biología Celular, Histología, Embriología y Genética, Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencia "Prof, E. De Robertis" (IBCN), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Verónica B Dorfman
- Centro de Estudios Biomédicos Básicos, Aplicados y Desarrollo, Universidad Maimónides, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ignacio M Larrayoz
- Biomarkers and Molecular Signaling Group, Center for Biomedical Research of La Rioja, Logroño, Spain
| | - C Fabián Loidl
- Laboratorio de Neuropatología Experimental, Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencia "Prof, E. De Robertis" (IBCN), Facultad de Medicina, CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Departamento de Biología Celular, Histología, Embriología y Genética, Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencia "Prof, E. De Robertis" (IBCN), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alfredo Martínez
- Angiogenesis Group, Oncology Area, Center for Biomedical Research of La Rioja, Logroño, Spain
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