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Lauritsen L, Szomek M, Hornum M, Reinholdt P, Kongsted J, Nielsen P, Brewer JR, Wüstner D. Ratiometric fluorescence nanoscopy and lifetime imaging of novel Nile Red analogs for analysis of membrane packing in living cells. Sci Rep 2024; 14:13748. [PMID: 38877068 PMCID: PMC11178856 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-64180-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Subcellular membranes have complex lipid and protein compositions, which give rise to organelle-specific membrane packing, fluidity, and permeability. Due to its exquisite solvent sensitivity, the lipophilic fluorescence dye Nile Red has been used extensively to study membrane packing and polarity. Further improvement of Nile Red can be achieved by introducing electron-donating or withdrawing functional groups. Here, we compare the potential of derivatives of Nile Red with such functional substitutions for super-resolution fluorescence microscopy of lipid packing in model membranes and living cells. All studied Nile Red derivatives exhibit cholesterol-dependent fluorescence changes in model membranes, as shown by spectrally resolved stimulated emission depletion (STED) microscopy. STED imaging of Nile Red probes in cells reveals lower membrane packing in fibroblasts from healthy subjects compared to those from patients suffering from Niemann Pick type C1 (NPC1) disease, a lysosomal storage disorder with accumulation of cholesterol and sphingolipids in late endosomes and lysosomes. We also find small but consistent changes in the fluorescence lifetime of the Nile Red derivatives in NPC1 cells, suggesting altered hydrogen-bonding capacity in their membranes. All Nile Red derivatives are essentially non-fluorescent in water but increase their brightness in membranes, allowing for their use in MINFLUX single molecule tracking experiments. Our study uncovers the potential of Nile Red probes with functional substitutions for nanoscopic membrane imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Line Lauritsen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230, Odense M, Denmark
| | - Maria Szomek
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230, Odense M, Denmark
| | - Mick Hornum
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230, Odense M, Denmark
| | - Peter Reinholdt
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230, Odense M, Denmark
| | - Jacob Kongsted
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230, Odense M, Denmark
| | - Poul Nielsen
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230, Odense M, Denmark
| | - Jonathan R Brewer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230, Odense M, Denmark
| | - Daniel Wüstner
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230, Odense M, Denmark.
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Lange Y, Tabei SMA, Steck TL. A basic model for the association of ligands with membrane cholesterol: application to cytolysin binding. J Lipid Res 2023; 64:100344. [PMID: 36791915 PMCID: PMC10119614 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2023.100344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Almost all the cholesterol in cellular membranes is associated with phospholipids in simple stoichiometric complexes. This limits the binding of sterol ligands such as filipin and Perfringolysin O (PFO) to a small fraction of the total. We offer a simple mathematical model that characterizes this complexity. It posits that the cholesterol accessible to ligands has two forms: active cholesterol, which is that not complexed with phospholipids; and extractable cholesterol, that which ligands can capture competitively from the phospholipid complexes. Simulations based on the model match published data for the association of PFO oligomers with liposomes, plasma membranes and the isolated endoplasmic reticulum. The model shows how the binding of a probe greatly underestimates cholesterol abundance when its affinity for the sterol is so weak that it competes poorly with the membrane phospholipids. Two examples are the under-staining of plasma membranes by filipin and the failure of domain D4 of PFO to label their cytoplasmic leaflets. Conversely, the exaggerated staining of endolysosomes suggests that their cholesterol, being uncomplexed, is readily available. The model is also applicable to the association of cholesterol with intrinsic membrane proteins. For example, it supports the hypothesis that the sharp threshold in the regulation of homeostatic ER proteins by cholesterol derives from the cooperativity of their binding to the sterol weakly held by the phospholipid. § Thus, the model explicates the complexity inherent in the binding of ligands like PFO and filipin to the small accessible fraction of membrane cholesterol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne Lange
- 1Department of Pathology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Il 60612, USA.
| | - S M Ali Tabei
- Department of Physics, University of Northern Iowa, Cedar Falls, Iowa 50614, USA
| | - Theodore L Steck
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Il 60637, USA
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Guillon C, Ferraro S, Clément S, Bouschbacher M, Sigaudo-Roussel D, Bonod C. Glycation by glyoxal leads to profound changes in the behavior of dermal fibroblasts. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care 2021; 9:9/1/e002091. [PMID: 33903117 PMCID: PMC8076933 DOI: 10.1136/bmjdrc-2020-002091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Diabetes is a worldwide health problem that is associated with severe complications. Advanced Glycation End products (AGEs) such as Nε-(carboxymethyl)lysine, which result from chronic hyperglycemia, accumulate in the skin of patients with diabetes. The effect of AGEs on fibroblast functionality and their impact on wound healing are still poorly understood. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS To investigate this, we treated cultured human fibroblasts with 0.6 mM glyoxal to induce acute glycation. The behavior of fibroblasts was analyzed by time-lapse monolayer wounding healing assay, seahorse technology and atomic force microscopy. Production of extracellular matrix was studied by transmission electronic microscopy and western blot. Lipid metabolism was investigated by staining of lipid droplets (LDs) with BODIPY 493/503. RESULTS We found that the proliferative and migratory capacities of the cells were greatly reduced by glycation, which could be explained by an increase in fibroblast tensile strength. Measurement of the cellular energy balance did not indicate that there was a change in the rate of oxygen consumption of the fibroblasts. Assessment of collagen I revealed that glyoxal did not influence type I collagen secretion although it did disrupt collagen I maturation and it prevented its deposition in the extracellular matrix. We noted a pronounced increase in the number of LDs after glyoxal treatment. AMPK phosphorylation was reduced by glyoxal treatment but it was not responsible for the accumulation of LDs. CONCLUSION Glyoxal promotes a change in fibroblast behavior in favor of lipogenic activity that could be involved in delaying wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Guillon
- Urgo Research Innovation and Development, Chenôve, France
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, LBTI UMR 5305, Lyon, France
| | - Sandra Ferraro
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, LBTI UMR 5305, Lyon, France
| | - Sophie Clément
- Urgo Research Innovation and Development, Chenôve, France
| | | | | | - Christelle Bonod
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, LBTI UMR 5305, Lyon, France
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Chali F, Milior G, Marty S, Morin-Brureau M, Le Duigou C, Savary E, Blugeon C, Jourdren L, Miles R. Lipid markers and related transcripts during excitotoxic neurodegeneration in kainate-treated mice. Eur J Neurosci 2019; 50:1759-1778. [PMID: 30767299 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Revised: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Lipid homeostasis is dysregulated in some neurodegenerative diseases and after brain injuries due to excess glutamate or lack of oxygen. However the kinetics and cell specificity of dysregulation in different groups of lipids during excitotoxic neuronal death are not clear. Here we examined the changes during excitotoxic neuronal death induced by injecting kainic acid (KA) into the CA1 region of mouse hippocampus. We compared neuronal loss and glial cell proliferation with changes in lipid-related transcripts and markers for different lipid groups, over 12 days after KA-treatment. As neurons showed initial signs of damage, transcripts and proteins linked to fatty acid oxidation were up-regulated. Cholesterol biosynthesis induced by transcripts controlled by the transcription factor Srebp2 seems to be responsible for a transient increase in neuronal free cholesterol at 1 to 2 days. In microglia, but not in neurons, Perilipin-2 associated lipid droplets were induced and properties of Nile red emissions suggest lipid contents change over time. After microglial expression of phagocytotic markers at 2 days, some neutral lipid deposits co-localized with lysosome markers of microglia and were detected within putative phagocytotic cups. These data delineate distinct lipid signals in neurons and glial cells during excitotoxic processes from initial neuronal damage to engagement of the lysosome-phagosome system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farah Chali
- Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR7225, Sorbonne Université, UPMC Université Paris 6 UMR S1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière, CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Giampaolo Milior
- Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR7225, Sorbonne Université, UPMC Université Paris 6 UMR S1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière, CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Serge Marty
- Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR7225, Sorbonne Université, UPMC Université Paris 6 UMR S1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière, CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Mélanie Morin-Brureau
- Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR7225, Sorbonne Université, UPMC Université Paris 6 UMR S1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière, CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Caroline Le Duigou
- Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR7225, Sorbonne Université, UPMC Université Paris 6 UMR S1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière, CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Etienne Savary
- Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR7225, Sorbonne Université, UPMC Université Paris 6 UMR S1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière, CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Corinne Blugeon
- Institut de Biologie de l'École normale supérieure (IBENS), École Normale Supérieure, CNRS, INSERM PSL Université Paris, Paris, France
| | - Laurent Jourdren
- Institut de Biologie de l'École normale supérieure (IBENS), École Normale Supérieure, CNRS, INSERM PSL Université Paris, Paris, France
| | - Richard Miles
- Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR7225, Sorbonne Université, UPMC Université Paris 6 UMR S1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière, CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
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Liu QH, Guo JC, Lu HY, Guo YN, Wang HB, Hu ZY, Liu HY, Dong-Liang, Chen LG. Synthesis and Application of Water-Soluble Oxazine Dyes for Detection of PHAs-Producing Bacteria. J Fluoresc 2018; 28:1347-1355. [PMID: 30242629 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-018-2297-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Derivatives of oxazine dyes were synthesized on mulitigram scales via efficient synthetic strategies. One practical route was selected to prepare compounds 6, 9 and 10, especially water-soluble compound 6 was obtained in better yield than reported, and compound 10 was insoluble in aqueous media in absence of phenolic-OH. Compounds 3 and 9 were found to be clear pH-dependent between pH = 4.0 and 10.0, and could be used as acid-base indicators to measure intracellular pH. Compounds 6, 9, 10 all have carboxylic acid functionalities, which could be activated and used to conjugate the dyes to biomolecules. In addition, compounds 6 and 9 with good solubility in aqueous media were used to develop a simple, quick, safe, highly sensitive staining method to detect PHAs-producing bacteria on heat-fixed smears, which was confirmed by fluorescence images of PHAs granules of bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Hao Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, North University of China, Taiyuan, 030051, China.
| | - Jin-Chun Guo
- School of Environment and Safety Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan, 030051, China
| | - Hong-Yu Lu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, North University of China, Taiyuan, 030051, China
| | - Yan-Nan Guo
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, North University of China, Taiyuan, 030051, China
| | - Hai-Bin Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, North University of China, Taiyuan, 030051, China
| | - Zhi-Yong Hu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, North University of China, Taiyuan, 030051, China
| | - Hong-Yan Liu
- Institute of Plant Protection, Henan Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Dong-Liang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, North University of China, Taiyuan, 030051, China
| | - Li-Gong Chen
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
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6
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Abruzzo A, Zuccheri G, Belluti F, Provenzano S, Verardi L, Bigucci F, Cerchiara T, Luppi B, Calonghi N. Chitosan nanoparticles for lipophilic anticancer drug delivery: Development, characterization and in vitro studies on HT29 cancer cells. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2016; 145:362-372. [PMID: 27214786 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2016.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Revised: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to develop chitosan-based nanoparticles that could encapsulate lipophilic molecules and deliver them to cancer cells. Nanoparticles were prepared with different molar ratios of chitosan, hyaluronic acid and sulphobutyl-ether-β-cyclodextrin and with or without curcumin. The nanosystems were characterized in terms of their size, zeta potential, morphology, encapsulation efficiency and stability in different media. Intestinal epithelial and colorectal cancer cells were treated with unloaded nanoparticles in order to study their effect on cellular membrane organization and ROS production. Finally, in vitro assays on both cellular lines were performed in order to evaluate the ability of nanoparticles to promote curcumin internalization and to study their effect on cell proliferation and cell cycle. Results show that nanoparticles were positively charged and their size increased with the increasing amounts of the anionic excipient. Nanoparticles showed good encapsulation efficiency and stability in water. Unloaded nanoparticles led to a change in lipid organization in the cellular membrane of both cell lines, without inducing ROS generation. Confocal microscopy, cell proliferation and cell cycle studies allowed the selection of the best formulation to limit curcumin cytotoxicity in normal intestinal epithelial cells and to reduce cancer cell proliferation. The latter was the result of the increase of expression for genes involved in apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Abruzzo
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnologies, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via San Donato 19/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Giampaolo Zuccheri
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnologies, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna INSTM, Centro S3 of CNR-Istituto Nanoscienze, Via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Federica Belluti
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnologies, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Simona Provenzano
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnologies, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via San Donato 19/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Laura Verardi
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnologies, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Federica Bigucci
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnologies, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via San Donato 19/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Teresa Cerchiara
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnologies, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via San Donato 19/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Barbara Luppi
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnologies, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via San Donato 19/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Natalia Calonghi
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnologies, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
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Durandt C, van Vollenstee FA, Dessels C, Kallmeyer K, de Villiers D, Murdoch C, Potgieter M, Pepper MS. Novel flow cytometric approach for the detection of adipocyte subpopulations during adipogenesis. J Lipid Res 2016; 57:729-42. [PMID: 26830859 PMCID: PMC4808761 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.d065664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) to differentiate into adipocytes provides a cellular model of human origin to study adipogenesis in vitro. One of the major challenges in studying adipogenesis is the lack of tools to identify and monitor the differentiation of various subpopulations within the heterogeneous pool of MSCs. Cluster of differentiation (CD)36 plays an important role in the formation of intracellular lipid droplets, a key characteristic of adipocyte differentiation/maturation. The objective of this study was to develop a reproducible quantitative method to study adipocyte differentiation by comparing two lipophilic dyes [Nile Red (NR) and Bodipy 493/503] in combination with CD36 surface marker staining. We identified a subpopulation of adipose-derived stromal cells that express CD36 at intermediate/high levels and show that combining CD36 cell surface staining with neutral lipid-specific staining allows us to monitor differentiation of adipose-derived stromal cells that express CD36intermediate/high during adipocyte differentiation in vitro. The gradual increase of CD36intermediate/high/NRpositive cells during the 21 day adipogenesis induction period correlated with upregulation of adipogenesis-associated gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chrisna Durandt
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Medicine, South African Medical Research Council Extramural Unit for Stem Cell Research and Therapy, Department of Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Fiona A van Vollenstee
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Medicine, South African Medical Research Council Extramural Unit for Stem Cell Research and Therapy, Department of Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Carla Dessels
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Medicine, South African Medical Research Council Extramural Unit for Stem Cell Research and Therapy, Department of Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Karlien Kallmeyer
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Medicine, South African Medical Research Council Extramural Unit for Stem Cell Research and Therapy, Department of Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Danielle de Villiers
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Medicine, South African Medical Research Council Extramural Unit for Stem Cell Research and Therapy, Department of Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Candice Murdoch
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Medicine, South African Medical Research Council Extramural Unit for Stem Cell Research and Therapy, Department of Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Marnie Potgieter
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Medicine, South African Medical Research Council Extramural Unit for Stem Cell Research and Therapy, Department of Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Michael S Pepper
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Medicine, South African Medical Research Council Extramural Unit for Stem Cell Research and Therapy, Department of Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
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Angius F, Spolitu S, Uda S, Deligia S, Frau A, Banni S, Collu M, Accossu S, Madeddu C, Serpe R, Batetta B. High-density lipoprotein contribute to G0-G1/S transition in Swiss NIH/3T3 fibroblasts. Sci Rep 2015; 5:17812. [PMID: 26640042 PMCID: PMC4671069 DOI: 10.1038/srep17812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
High density lipoproteins (HDLs) play a crucial role in removing excess cholesterol from peripheral tissues. Although their concentration is lower during conditions of high cell growth rate (cancer and infections), their involvement during cell proliferation is not known. To this aim, we investigated the replicative cycles in synchronised Swiss 3T3 fibroblasts in different experimental conditions: i) contact-inhibited fibroblasts re-entering cell cycle after dilution; ii) scratch-wound assay; iii) serum-deprived cells induced to re-enter G1 by FCS, HDL or PDGF. Analyses were performed during each cell cycle up to quiescence. Cholesterol synthesis increased remarkably during the replicative cycles, decreasing only after cells reached confluence. In contrast, cholesteryl ester (CE) synthesis and content were high at 24 h after dilution and then decreased steeply in the successive cycles. Flow cytometry analysis of DiO-HDL, as well as radiolabeled HDL pulse, demonstrated a significant uptake of CE-HDL in 24 h. DiI-HDL uptake, lipid droplets (LDs) and SR-BI immunostaining and expression followed the same trend. Addition of HDL or PDGF partially restore the proliferation rate and significantly increase SR-BI and pAKT expression in serum-deprived cells. In conclusion, cell transition from G0 to G1/S requires CE-HDL uptake, leading to CE-HDL/SR-BI pathway activation and CEs increase into LDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Angius
- Unit of Experimental Medicine, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Stefano Spolitu
- Unit of Experimental Medicine, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Sabrina Uda
- Unit of Experimental Medicine, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Stefania Deligia
- Unit of Experimental Medicine, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Alessandra Frau
- Unit of Experimental Medicine, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Banni
- Divisions of Physiology, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Maria Collu
- Neuroscience and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Simonetta Accossu
- Unit of Experimental Medicine, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Clelia Madeddu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Medical Sciences "Mario Aresu", University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Roberto Serpe
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Medical Sciences "Mario Aresu", University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Barbara Batetta
- Unit of Experimental Medicine, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
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9
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Neutral lipid alterations in human herpesvirus 8-infected HUVEC cells and their possible involvement in neo-angiogenesis. BMC Microbiol 2015; 15:74. [PMID: 25887745 PMCID: PMC4384337 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-015-0415-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2014] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Human Herpesvirus 8 (HHV8), the causative agent of Kaposi’s sarcoma, induces an intense modification of lipid metabolism and enhances the angiogenic process in endothelial cells. In the present study, neutral lipid (NL) metabolism and angiogenesis were investigated in HHV8-infected HUVEC cells. The viral replication phases were verified by rtPCR and also by K8.1 and LANA immunostaining. Results Lipid droplets (Nile Red) were higher in all phases and NL staining (LipidTOX) combined with viral-antigen detection (immunofluorescence) demonstrated a NL content increase in infected cells. In particular, triglyceride synthesis increases in the lytic phase, whereas cholesteryl ester synthesis rises in the latent one. Moreover, the inhibition of cholesterol esterification reduces neo-tubule formation mainly in latently infected cells. Conclusions We suggest that a reprogramming of cholesteryl ester metabolism is involved in regulating neo-angiogenesis in HHV8-infected cells and plays a likely role in the high metastatic potential of derived-tumours.
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10
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Uda S, Spolitu S, Angius F, Collu M, Accossu S, Banni S, Murru E, Sanna F, Batetta B. Role of HDL in cholesteryl ester metabolism of lipopolysaccharide-activated P388D1 macrophages. J Lipid Res 2013; 54:3158-69. [PMID: 23956443 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m042663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Infections share with atherosclerosis similar lipid alterations, with accumulation of cholesteryl esters (CEs) in activated macrophages and concomitant decrease of cholesterol-HDL (C-HDL). Yet the precise role of HDL during microbial infection has not been fully elucidated. Activation of P388D1 by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) triggered an increase of CEs and neutral lipid contents, along with a remarkable enhancement in 1,1'-dioctadecyl-3,3,3',3'-tetramethylindocarbocyanine perchlorate-HDL uptake. Similar results were found in human monocyte-derived macrophages and monocytes cocultured with phytohemagglutinin-activated lymphocytes. Inhibition of cholesterol esterification with Sandoz-58035 resulted in 80% suppression of CE biosynthesis in P388D1. However, only a 35% decrease of CE content, together with increased scavenger receptor class B member 1 (SR-B1) protein expression, was found after 72 h and thereafter up to 16 passages of continuous ACAT suppression. Chronic inhibition blunted the effect of LPS treatment on cholesterol metabolism, increased the ratio of free cholesterol/CE content and enhanced interleukin 6 secretion. These results imply that, besides de novo biosynthesis and acquisition by LDL, HDL contributes probably through SR-B1 to the increased CE content in macrophages, partly explaining the low levels of C-HDL during their activation. Our data suggest that in those conditions where more CEs are required, HDL rather than removing, may supply CEs to the cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Uda
- Experimental Medicine Unit, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
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11
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Carboni M, Falchi AM, Lampis S, Sinico C, Manca ML, Schmidt J, Talmon Y, Murgia S, Monduzzi M. Physicochemical, cytotoxic, and dermal release features of a novel cationic liposome nanocarrier. Adv Healthc Mater 2013. [PMID: 23184424 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201200302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
A novel cationic liposome nanocarrier, having interesting performance in topical drug delivery, is here presented and evaluated for its features. Two penetration enhancers, namely monoolein and lauroylcholine chloride, are combined to rapidly formulate (15 min) a cationic liposome nanostructure endowed of excellent stability (>6 months) and skin penetration ability, along with low short-term cytotoxicity, as evaluated via the MTT test. Cytotoxicity tests and lipid droplet analysis give a strong indication that monoolein and lauroylcholine synergistically endanger long-term cells viability. The physicochemical features, investigated through SAXS, DLS, and cryo-TEM techniques, reveal that the nanostructure is retained after loading with diclofenac in its acid (hydrophobic) form. The drug release performances are studied using intact newborn pig skin. Analysis of the different skin strata proves that the drug mainly accumulates into the viable epidermis with almost no deposition into the derma. Indeed, the flux of the drug across the skin is exceptionally low, with only 1% release after 24 h. These results validate the use of this novel formulation for topical drug release when the delivery to the systemic circulation should be avoided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maura Carboni
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Cagliari, CNBS and CSGI, s.s. 554, bivio Sestu, 09042 Monserrato (CA), Italy
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Abstract
In this chapter a review of animal model systems already being utilized to study normal and pathologic wound healing is provided. We also go into details on alternatives for animal wound model systems. The case is made for limitations in the various approaches. We also discuss the benefits/limitations of in vitro/ex vivo systems bringing everything up to date with our current work on developing a cell-based reporter system for diabetic wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phil Stephens
- Wound Biology Group, Cardiff Institute of Tissue Engineering and Repair Tissue Engineering and Reparative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, UK
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13
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Modem S, Dicarlo SE, Reddy TR. Fresh Garlic Extract Induces Growth Arrest and Morphological Differentiation of MCF7 Breast Cancer Cells. Genes Cancer 2012; 3:177-86. [PMID: 23050048 DOI: 10.1177/1947601912458581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2012] [Accepted: 07/29/2012] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Consumption of diets rich in fruits and vegetables is often associated with a reduced risk of developing cancer, particularly breast cancer. Considering that 1 in 8 women in the United States will develop breast cancer in the course of her lifetime, dietary manipulation could have a major impact on the incidence of breast cancer. We report here that fresh extracts of garlic (not boiled) arrested the growth and altered the morphology of MCF7 breast cancer cells. Deregulated levels of E-cadherin, cytokeratin8/18, and β-catenin correlated with the altered phenotype. We propose that early down-regulation of cyclin D1, reduced phosphorylation of ERK1, and increased phosphorylation of eIF2-α triggered the phenotypical changes. Reduced expression of hsp27 and sam68 and elevated levels of Rb and p21 further contributed to the sustained growth reduction. These findings provide a better understanding of the cellular responses to dietary supplements and provide potential options to treat breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suhasini Modem
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
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14
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A simple and sensitive method for lipoprotein and lipids profiles analysis of individual micro-liter scale serum samples. Chem Phys Lipids 2012; 165:133-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2011.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2011] [Revised: 11/22/2011] [Accepted: 11/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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15
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Uda S, Accossu S, Spolitu S, Collu M, Angius F, Sanna F, Banni S, Vacca C, Murru E, Mulas C, Diaz G, Batetta B. A lipoprotein source of cholesteryl esters is essential for proliferation of CEM-CCRF lymphoblastic cell line. Tumour Biol 2011; 33:443-53. [PMID: 22161086 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-011-0270-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2011] [Accepted: 11/07/2011] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumour are characterised by a high content of cholesteryl esters (CEs) stored in lipid droplets purported to be due to a high rate of intracellular esterification of cholesterol. To verify whether and which pathways involved in CE accumulation are essential in tumour proliferation, the effect of CE deprivation, from both exogenous and endogenous sources, on CEM-CCRF cells was investigated. Cholesterol synthesis, esterification and content, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) binding and high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-CE uptake were evaluated in cultured in both conventional and delipidated bovine serum with or without oleic or linoleic acids, cholesteryl oleate, LDL and HDL. High content of CEs in lipid droplets in this cell line was due to esterification of both newly synthesised cholesterol and that obtained from hydrolysis of LDL; moreover, a significant amount of CE was derived from HDL-CE uptake. Cell proliferation was slightly affected by either acute or chronic treatment up to 400 μM with Sz-58035, an acyl-cholesteryl cholesterol esterification inhibitor (ACAT); although when the enzyme activity was continuously inhibited, CE content in lipid droplets was significantly higher than those in control cells. In these cells, analysis of intracellular and medium CEs revealed a profile reflecting the characteristics of bovine serum, suggesting a plasma origin of CE molecules. Cell proliferation arrest in delipidated medium was almost completely prevented in the first 72 h by LDL or HDL, although in subsequent cultures with LDL, it manifested an increasing mortality rate. This study suggests that high content of CEs in CEM-CCRF is mainly derived from plasma lipoproteins and that part of CEs stored in lipid droplets are obtained after being taken up from HDL. This route appears to be up-regulated according to cell requirements and involved in low levels of c-HDL during cancer. Moreover, the dependence of tumour cells on a source of lipoprotein provides a novel impetus in developing therapeutic strategies for use in the treatment of some tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Uda
- Department of Science and Biomedical Technologies, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
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16
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Wüstner D, Brewer JR, Bagatolli L, Sage D. Potential of ultraviolet wide-field imaging and multiphoton microscopy for analysis of dehydroergosterol in cellular membranes. Microsc Res Tech 2011; 74:92-108. [PMID: 21181715 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.20878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Dehydroergosterol (DHE) is an intrinsically fluorescent sterol with absorption/emission in the ultraviolet (UV) region and biophysical properties similar to those of cholesterol. We compared the potential of UV-sensitive low-light-level wide-field (UV-WF) imaging with that of multiphoton (MP) excitation microscopy to monitor DHE in living cells. Significantly reduced photobleaching in MP microscopy of DHE enabled us to acquire three-dimensional z-stacks of DHE-stained cells and to obtain high-resolution maps of DHE in surface ruffles, nanotubes, and the apical membrane of epithelial cells. We found that the lateral resolution of MP microscopy is ∼1.5-fold higher than that of UV-WF deconvolution microscopy, allowing for improved spatiotemporal analysis of plasma membrane sterol distribution. Surface intensity patterns of DHE with a diameter of 0.2 μm persisting over several minutes could be resolved by MP time-lapse microscopy. Diffusion coefficients of 0.25-μm-diameter endocytic vesicles containing DHE were determined by MP spatiotemporal image correlation spectroscopy. The requirement of extremely high laser power for visualization of DHE by MP microscopy made this method less potent for multicolor applications with organelle markers like green fluorescent protein-tagged proteins. The signal-to-noise ratio obtainable by UV-WF imaging could be significantly improved by pixelwise bleach rate fitting and calculation of an amplitude image from the decay model and by frame averaging after pixelwise bleaching correction of the image stacks. We conclude that UV-WF imaging and MP microscopy of DHE provide complementary information regarding membrane distribution and intracellular targeting of sterols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Wüstner
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark.
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17
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Murgia S, Falchi AM, Mano M, Lampis S, Angius R, Carnerup AM, Schmidt J, Diaz G, Giacca M, Talmon Y, Monduzzi M. Nanoparticles from lipid-based liquid crystals: emulsifier influence on morphology and cytotoxicity. J Phys Chem B 2010; 114:3518-25. [PMID: 20170140 DOI: 10.1021/jp9098655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Here, monoolein-based nanoparticles (NPs), obtained through fragmentation of bulk liquid crystalline phases, and stabilized by two different emulsifiers, namely, Pluronic F127 (PF127) and lauroylcholine chloride (LCh), are investigated for structural features and for short-term in vitro cytotoxicity. Depending on the emulsifiers, different morphologies of the lipid NPs (cubosomes and liposomes) are obtained, as demonstrated by cryo-TEM images. Although NPs offer many advantages in medical applications and various chemicals used for their preparation are under investigation, so far there are no standardized procedures to evaluate cell biocompatibility. Two different protocols to evaluate the impact of these lipid NPs on biological systems are presented. Results show that nanoparticles stabilized by PF127 (cubosomes) display a relevant toxicity toward different cell lines, whereas those stabilized by LCh (liposomes) affect cell viability at a much lesser extent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Murgia
- Department of Chemical Science, Cagliari University, CNBS and CSGI, ss 554, bivio Sestu, 09042 Monserrato (CA), Italy
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18
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Extending the knowledge in histochemistry and cell biology. Histochem Cell Biol 2009; 133:1-40. [PMID: 19946696 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-009-0665-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/17/2009] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Central to modern Histochemistry and Cell Biology stands the need for visualization of cellular and molecular processes. In the past several years, a variety of techniques has been achieved bridging traditional light microscopy, fluorescence microscopy and electron microscopy with powerful software-based post-processing and computer modeling. Researchers now have various tools available to investigate problems of interest from bird's- up to worm's-eye of view, focusing on tissues, cells, proteins or finally single molecules. Applications of new approaches in combination with well-established traditional techniques of mRNA, DNA or protein analysis have led to enlightening and prudent studies which have paved the way toward a better understanding of not only physiological but also pathological processes in the field of cell biology. This review is intended to summarize articles standing for the progress made in "histo-biochemical" techniques and their manifold applications.
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19
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Automated microscopic quantification of adipogenic differentiation of human gland stem cells. Ann Anat 2009; 191:13-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2008.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2008] [Revised: 09/04/2008] [Accepted: 09/09/2008] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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20
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State-of-the-art technologies, current opinions and developments, and novel findings: news from the field of histochemistry and cell biology. Histochem Cell Biol 2008; 130:1205-51. [PMID: 18985372 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-008-0535-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/21/2008] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Investigations of cell and tissue structure and function using innovative methods and approaches have again yielded numerous exciting findings in recent months and have added important data to current knowledge, inspiring new ideas and hypotheses in various fields of modern life sciences. Topics and contents of comprehensive expert reviews covering different aspects in methodological advances, cell biology, tissue function and morphology, and novel findings reported in original papers are summarized in the present review.
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Zhou S, Si J, Liu T, DeWille JW. PIASy represses CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein delta (C/EBPdelta) transcriptional activity by sequestering C/EBPdelta to the nuclear periphery. J Biol Chem 2008; 283:20137-48. [PMID: 18477566 PMCID: PMC2459298 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m801307200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2008] [Revised: 05/01/2008] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
CCAAT/enhancer binding proteindelta (C/EBPdelta) plays a key role in mammary epithelial cell G(0) growth arrest, and "loss of function" alterations in C/EBPdelta have been reported in breast cancer and acute myeloid leukemia. C/EBPdelta is regulated at the transcriptional, post-transcriptional, and post-translational levels, suggesting tight control of C/EBPdelta content and function. Protein inhibitors of activated STATs (PIASs) regulate a growing number of transcription factors, including C/EBPs. HC11 nontransformed mammary epithelial cells express PIAS3, PIASxbeta, and PIASy, and all three PIAS family members repress C/EBPdelta transcriptional activity. PIASy is the most potent, however, repressing C/EBPdelta transcriptional activity by >80%. PIASy repression of C/EBPdelta transcriptional activity is dependent upon interaction between the highly conserved PIASy N-terminal nuclear matrix binding domain (SAPD) and the C/EBPdelta transactivation domain (TAD). PIASy repression of C/EBPdelta transcriptional activity is independent of histone deacetylase activity, PIASy E3 SUMO ligase activity, and C/EBPdelta sumoylation status. PIASy expression is associated with C/EBPdelta translocation from nuclear foci, where C/EBPdelta co-localizes with p300, to the nuclear periphery. PIASy-mediated translocation of C/EBPdelta is dependent upon the PIASy SAPD and C/EBPdelta TAD. PIASy reduces the expression of C/EBPdelta adhesion-related target genes and enhances repopulation of open areas within a cell monolayer in the in vitro "scratch" assay. These results demonstrate that PIASy represses C/EBPdelta by a mechanism that requires interaction between the PIASy SAPD and C/EBPdelta TAD and does not require PIASy SUMO ligase activity or C/EBPdelta sumoylation. PIASy alters C/EBPdelta nuclear localization, reduces C/EBPdelta transcriptional activity, and enhances cell proliferation/migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanggen Zhou
- Ohio State Biochemistry Program, Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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