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Schwertner K, Gelles K, Leitner J, Steinberger P, Gundacker C, Vrticka R, Hoffmann-Sommergruber K, Ellinger I, Geiselhart S. Human intestine and placenta exhibit tissue-specific expression of RAGE isoforms. Heliyon 2023; 9:e18247. [PMID: 37533998 PMCID: PMC10391957 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) is encoded by AGER, a gene that is subjected to tissue-specific alternative splicing. Splice variants of RAGE in intestine and placenta are unknown and contradictory data concerning RAGE protein expression in these tissues have been published. As a basis for future functional studies, we examined RAGE expression in small intestine, colon and placentas. PCR cloning revealed that full-length RAGE is the only RAGE transcript isoform expressed in placenta. In the small intestine, the major transcript isoform detected was RAGE_v1 encoding the C-terminally truncated soluble receptor. In the colon, both full-length RAGE as well as several splice variants were identified. Four antibodies were used to study protein expression by immunoblotting and were carefully validated. Appropriate controls were essential to avoid misinterpretation of bands caused by non-specific reactivity of antibodies. Only one of four antibodies tested detected full-length RAGE in placenta, whereas no RAGE-specific band was detected in intestinal tissues despite loading >30-fold more intestinal tissue than the positive control, human lung. RAGE expression levels in the placenta were 100-fold lower compared with human lung when analyzed by ELISA, and no significant differences in RAGE expression were detected between healthy placentas and placentas from women with preeclampsia, gestational diabetes mellitus, or fetal growth restriction. We conclude that healthy placental chorionic tissue expresses low levels of full-length RAGE, whereas expression of the tissue-specific intestinal isoforms is below the limit of detection. Low RAGE expression levels in combination with a lack of antibody validation may explain the conflicting published results on RAGE protein expression in intestine and placenta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Schwertner
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Katharina Gelles
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Judith Leitner
- Institute of Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Steinberger
- Institute of Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Claudia Gundacker
- Institute of Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ruben Vrticka
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Isabella Ellinger
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sabine Geiselhart
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Fuchs J, Nonn O, Daxboeck C, Groiss S, Moser G, Gauster M, Lang-Olip I, Brislinger D. Automated Quantitative Image Evaluation of Antigen Retrieval Methods for 17 Antibodies in Placentation and Implantation Diagnostic and Research. MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2021; 27:1-12. [PMID: 34851247 DOI: 10.1017/s1431927621012630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Immunostaining in clinical routine and research highly depends on standardized staining methods and quantitative image analyses. We qualitatively and quantitatively compared antigen retrieval methods (no pretreatment, pretreatment with pepsin, and heat-induced pretreatment with pH 6 or pH 9) for 17 antibodies relevant for placenta and implantation diagnostics and research. Using our newly established, comprehensive automated quantitative image analysis approach, fluorescent signal intensities were evaluated. Automated quantitative image analysis found that 9 out of 17 antibodies needed antigen retrieval to show positive staining. Heat induction proved to be the most efficient form of antigen retrieval. Eight markers stained positive after pepsin digestion, with β-hCG and vWF showing enhanced staining intensities. To avoid the misinterpretation of quantitative image data, the qualitative aspect should always be considered. Results from native placental tissue were compared with sections of a placental invasion model based on thermo-sensitive scaffolds. Immunostaining on placentas in vitro leads to new insights into fetal development and maternal pathophysiological pathways, as pregnant women are justifiably excluded from clinical studies. Thus, there is a clear need for the assessment of reliable immunofluorescent staining and pretreatment methods. Our evaluation offers a powerful tool for antibody and pretreatment selection in placental research providing objective and precise results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Fuchs
- Division of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6, GrazA-8010, Austria
| | - Olivia Nonn
- Division of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6, GrazA-8010, Austria
| | - Christine Daxboeck
- Division of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6, GrazA-8010, Austria
| | - Silvia Groiss
- Division of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6, GrazA-8010, Austria
| | - Gerit Moser
- Division of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6, GrazA-8010, Austria
| | - Martin Gauster
- Division of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6, GrazA-8010, Austria
| | - Ingrid Lang-Olip
- Division of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6, GrazA-8010, Austria
| | - Dagmar Brislinger
- Division of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6, GrazA-8010, Austria
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Granitzer S, Ellinger I, Khan R, Gelles K, Widhalm R, Hengstschläger M, Zeisler H, Desoye G, Tupova L, Ceckova M, Salzer H, Gundacker C. In vitro function and in situ localization of Multidrug Resistance-associated Protein (MRP)1 (ABCC1) suggest a protective role against methyl mercury-induced oxidative stress in the human placenta. Arch Toxicol 2020; 94:3799-3817. [PMID: 32915249 PMCID: PMC7603445 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-020-02900-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Methyl mercury (MeHg) is an organic highly toxic compound that is transported efficiently via the human placenta. Our previous data suggest that MeHg is taken up into placental cells by amino acid transporters while mercury export from placental cells mainly involves ATP binding cassette (ABC) transporters. We hypothesized that the ABC transporter multidrug resistance-associated protein (MRP)1 (ABCC1) plays an essential role in mercury export from the human placenta. Transwell transport studies with MRP1-overexpressing Madin-Darby Canine Kidney (MDCK)II cells confirmed the function of MRP1 in polarized mercury efflux. Consistent with this, siRNA-mediated MRP1 gene knockdown in the human placental cell line HTR-8/SVneo resulted in intracellular mercury accumulation, which was associated with reduced cell viability, accompanied by increased cytotoxicity, apoptosis, and oxidative stress as determined via the glutathione (GSH) status. In addition, the many sources claiming different localization of MRP1 in the placenta required a re-evaluation of its localization in placental tissue sections by immunofluorescence microscopy using an MRP1-specific antibody that was validated in-house. Taken together, our results show that (1) MRP1 preferentially mediates apical-to-basolateral mercury transport in epithelial cells, (2) MRP1 regulates the GSH status of placental cells, (3) MRP1 function has a decisive influence on the viability of placental cells exposed to low MeHg concentrations, and (4) the in situ localization of MRP1 corresponds to mercury transport from maternal circulation to the placenta and fetus. We conclude that MRP1 protects placental cells from MeHg-induced oxidative stress by exporting the toxic metal and by maintaining the placental cells' GSH status in equilibrium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Granitzer
- Karl-Landsteiner Private University for Health Sciences, Krems, Austria
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Isabella Ellinger
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Rumsha Khan
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Katharina Gelles
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Raimund Widhalm
- Karl-Landsteiner Private University for Health Sciences, Krems, Austria
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Harald Zeisler
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gernot Desoye
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Lenka Tupova
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Charles University, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Ceckova
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Charles University, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Hans Salzer
- Clinic for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital Tulln, Tulln, Austria
| | - Claudia Gundacker
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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Kiskova T, Mytsko Y, Schepelmann M, Helmer H, Fuchs R, Miedl H, Wadsack C, Ellinger I. Expression of the neonatal Fc-receptor in placental-fetal endothelium and in cells of the placental immune system. Placenta 2019; 78:36-43. [PMID: 30955709 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2019.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Starting from the second trimester of pregnancy, passive immunity is provided to the human fetus by transplacental transfer of maternal IgG. IgG transfer depends on the neonatal Fc receptor, FcRn. While FcRn localization in the placental syncytiotrophoblast (STB) has been demonstrated unequivocally, FcRn expression in placental-fetal endothelial cells (pFECs), which are part of the materno-fetal barrier, is still unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to elucidate the spatio-specific expression pattern of FcRn in placental tissue. METHODS FcRn expression was investigated by western blotting in term placentas and in isolated human placental arterial and venous endothelial cells (HPAEC, HPVEC) using a validated affinity-purified polyclonal anti-peptide antibody against the cytoplasmic tail of FcRn α-chain. In situ localization of FcRn and IgG was studied by immunofluorescence microscopy on tissue sections of healthy term placentas. RESULTS FcRn expression was demonstrated in placental vasculature particularly, in HPAEC, and HPVEC. FcRn was localized in cytokeratin 7+ STB and in CD31+ pFECs in terminal as well as stem villi in situ. Additionally, CD68+ placental macrophages exhibited FcRn expression in situ. Endogenous IgG partially co-localized with FcRn in STB, pFECs, and in placental macrophages. DISCUSSION Placental FcRn expression in endothelial cells and macrophages is analogous to the expression pattern in other organs. FcRn expression in pFECs suggests an involvement of FcRn in IgG transcytosis and/or participation in recycling/salvaging of maternal IgG present in the fetal circulation. FcRn expression in placental macrophages may account for recycling of monomeric IgG and/or processing and presentation of immune complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terezia Kiskova
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Yuliya Mytsko
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin Schepelmann
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Hanns Helmer
- Division of Obstetrics and Feto-Maternal Medicine, University Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Renate Fuchs
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Heidi Miedl
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Christian Wadsack
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria; BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Isabella Ellinger
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
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Díaz-Pérez FI, Hiden U, Gauster M, Lang I, Konya V, Heinemann A, Lögl J, Saffery R, Desoye G, Cvitic S. Post-transcriptional down regulation of ICAM-1 in feto-placental endothelium in GDM. Cell Adh Migr 2016; 10:18-27. [PMID: 26761204 DOI: 10.1080/19336918.2015.1127467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal gestational diabetes (GDM) is associated with hyperglycaemia and hyperinsulinemia in the fetal circulation which consequently may induce endothelial dysfunction in the feto-placental vasculature. In fact, feto-placental vasculature reveals various morphological changes in response to GDM. The cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) ICAM-1, VCAM-1 and E-selectin promote attachment and trans-endothelial migration of leukocytes, and are up regulated in inflammation and endothelial dysfunction. Thus, we hypothesized that the GDM environment upregulates ICAM-1, VCAM-1 and E-selectin in the feto-placental endothelium. We isolated primary feto-placental endothelial cells (fpEC) after normal (n=18) and GDM pregnancy (n=11) and analyzed mRNA (RT-qPCR) and protein expression (Immunoblot) of ICAM-1, VCAM-1 and E-selectin. While other CAMs were unchanged on mRNA and protein levels, ICAM-1 protein was decreased by GDM. Further analysis revealed also a decrease in the release of soluble ICAM-1 (sICAM-1), whose levels correlated negatively with maternal BMI. We conclude that this reduction of ICAM-1 protein species is the result of post-translational regulation, since ICAM-1 mRNA expression was unchanged. In fact, miRNAs targeting ICAM-1 were upregulated in GDM fpEC. Immunohistochemistry showed weaker ICAM-1 staining in the placental endothelium after GDM pregnancies, and demonstrated ICAM-1 binding partners CD11a and CD18 expressed on leukocytes in fetal circulation and on placental tissue macrophages. This study identified reduction of ICAM-1 protein in fpEC in GDM pregnancy, which was regulated post-transcriptionally. Low ICAM-1 protein production may represent a protective, placenta-specific mechanism to avoid leukocyte transmigration into the placenta in response to GDM.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ursula Hiden
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Medical University of Graz , Austria
| | - Martin Gauster
- b Institute of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Graz , Austria
| | - Ingrid Lang
- b Institute of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Graz , Austria
| | - Viktoria Konya
- c Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz , Austria
| | - Akos Heinemann
- c Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz , Austria
| | - Jelena Lögl
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Medical University of Graz , Austria
| | - Richard Saffery
- d Cancer and Disease Epigenetics, Murdoch Children's Research Institute , Parkville , Victoria , Australia.,e Department of Pediatrics , University of Melbourne , Victoria , Australia
| | - Gernot Desoye
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Medical University of Graz , Austria
| | - Silvija Cvitic
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Medical University of Graz , Austria
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6
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Mercury toxicokinetics of the healthy human term placenta involve amino acid transporters and ABC transporters. Toxicology 2016; 340:34-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2015.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2015] [Revised: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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7
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Gabner S, Tonar Z, Tichy A, Saalmüller A, Worliczek HL, Joachim A, Witter K. Immunohistochemical detection and quantification of T cells in the small intestine of Isospora suis-infected piglets-influence of fixation technique and intestinal segment. Microsc Res Tech 2011; 75:408-15. [DOI: 10.1002/jemt.21071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2011] [Accepted: 07/14/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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8
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Kothmaier H, Rohrer D, Stacher E, Quehenberger F, Becker KF, Popper HH. Comparison of formalin-free tissue fixatives: a proteomic study testing their application for routine pathology and research. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2011; 135:744-52. [PMID: 21631267 DOI: 10.5858/2009-0676-oa.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue is the routine processing method for diagnostics practiced in pathology departments worldwide. OBJECTIVE To determine the potential value of non-cross-linking, formalin-free tissue fixation for diagnostics in pathology and proteomic investigations. DESIGN We tested 3 commercially available, formalin-free tissue fixatives-FineFIX, RCL2, and HOPE-in lung cancer specimens from 10 patients. The fixatives were evaluated for their effects on tissue morphology, protein recovery, and immunoreactivity for a selected panel of proteins differently expressed in lung cancer, using immunohistochemistry and Western blotting. RESULTS Tumor-cell analysis with hematoxylin-eosin worked equally well for all tested fixatives when compared with the standard formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded procedure. Movat pentachrome stains showed comparable results for the different matrices and cellular proteins analyzed. The RCL2 (P = .01) and HOPE fixatives (P = .03) improved protein recovery when compared with formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded or frozen tissues. Our data clearly show that the fixatives evaluated influenced immunoreactivity to matched, formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded lung cancer tissue. In particular, membrane-bound proteins, such as epidermal growth factor receptor EGFR, can be detected more efficiently by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting. CONCLUSION We have demonstrated that formalin-free fixatives have the potential in routine pathology and research to replace formalin in histomorphology and protein preservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannelore Kothmaier
- Institute of Pathology, Research Unit for Molecular Lung and Pleura Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Austria
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9
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Blaschitz A, Gauster M, Fuchs D, Lang I, Maschke P, Ulrich D, Karpf E, Takikawa O, Schimek MG, Dohr G, Sedlmayr P. Vascular endothelial expression of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 forms a positive gradient towards the feto-maternal interface. PLoS One 2011; 6:e21774. [PMID: 21755000 PMCID: PMC3130744 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0021774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2011] [Accepted: 06/07/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe the distribution of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) in vascular endothelium of human first-trimester and term placenta. Expression of IDO1 protein on the fetal side of the interface extended from almost exclusively sub-trophoblastic capillaries in first-trimester placenta to a nearly general presence on villous vascular endothelia at term, including also most bigger vessels such as villous arteries and veins of stem villi and vessels of the chorionic plate. Umbilical cord vessels were generally negative for IDO1 protein. In the fetal part of the placenta positivity for IDO1 was restricted to vascular endothelium, which did not co-express HLA-DR. This finding paralleled detectability of IDO1 mRNA in first trimester and term tissue and a high increase in the kynurenine to tryptophan ratio in chorionic villous tissue from first trimester to term placenta. Endothelial cells isolated from the chorionic plate of term placenta expressed IDO1 mRNA in contrast to endothelial cells originating from human umbilical vein, iliac vein or aorta. In first trimester decidua we found endothelium of arteries rather than veins expressing IDO1, which was complementory to expression of HLA-DR. An estimation of IDO activity on the basis of the ratio of kynurenine and tryptophan in blood taken from vessels of the chorionic plate of term placenta indicated far higher values than those found in the peripheral blood of adults. Thus, a gradient of vascular endothelial IDO1 expression is present at both sides of the feto-maternal interface.
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MESH Headings
- Cell Separation
- Chorion/cytology
- Chorion/enzymology
- Decidua/cytology
- Decidua/enzymology
- Endothelial Cells/cytology
- Endothelial Cells/enzymology
- Endothelium, Vascular/cytology
- Endothelium, Vascular/enzymology
- Epitopes/immunology
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic
- HLA-DR Antigens
- Humans
- Immunohistochemistry
- Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase/genetics
- Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase/metabolism
- Maternal-Fetal Exchange
- Paraffin Embedding
- Pregnancy
- Pregnancy Trimester, First/metabolism
- Protein Transport
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Tryptophan/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Astrid Blaschitz
- Institute of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Center for Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Martin Gauster
- Institute of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Center for Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Dietmar Fuchs
- Division of Biological Chemistry, Biocenter, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Ingrid Lang
- Institute of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Center for Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Petra Maschke
- Institute of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Center for Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Daniela Ulrich
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Eva Karpf
- Institute of Pathology, Center for Applied Biomedicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Osamu Takikawa
- Laboratory of Radiation Safety, National Institute of Longevity Science, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu City, Japan
| | - Michael G. Schimek
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Documentation, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Gottfried Dohr
- Institute of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Center for Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Peter Sedlmayr
- Institute of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Center for Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- * E-mail:
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10
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Demonstration of substances of innate immunity in the esophageal epithelium of domesticated mammals. Part I--Methods and evaluation of comparative fixation. Acta Histochem 2011; 113:163-74. [PMID: 19850328 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2009.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2009] [Revised: 09/24/2009] [Accepted: 09/29/2009] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the investigation was to demonstrate that the esophageal epithelium of domesticated mammals exhibits characteristic features of innate immunity. The esophageal samples used were obtained immediately after euthanization from seven species of domesticated mammals of three nutrition groups (herbivores: horse, goat, cattle; omnivores: pig, dog, laboratory rat; carnivores: cat). The experimental basis was immunohistochemistry, which was evaluated in a qualitative and statistically relevant semi-quantitative manner. The first part of the study analyzed the influence of different fixation media on the immunohistochemical reactivities. Two formalin-based routine fixation solutions (Bouin's solution, Ca-acetate formalin) were compared with the recently introduced formalin-free HOPE® fixative. In this context, we clearly demonstrated a diminished immunoreactivity for Ca-formol fixed samples; satisfactory results were obtained, particularly, from samples fixed in Bouin's solution. The HOPE® fixation method offers a relatively cheap alternative, as the antibody amounts can be reduced. An application in routine diagnostic is not advisable, because of several variable parameters. It can be concluded that immunohistochemical results have always to be evaluated and discussed in close relation to the fixation medium used.
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11
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Extending the knowledge in histochemistry and cell biology. Histochem Cell Biol 2009; 133:1-40. [PMID: 19946696 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-009-0665-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/17/2009] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Central to modern Histochemistry and Cell Biology stands the need for visualization of cellular and molecular processes. In the past several years, a variety of techniques has been achieved bridging traditional light microscopy, fluorescence microscopy and electron microscopy with powerful software-based post-processing and computer modeling. Researchers now have various tools available to investigate problems of interest from bird's- up to worm's-eye of view, focusing on tissues, cells, proteins or finally single molecules. Applications of new approaches in combination with well-established traditional techniques of mRNA, DNA or protein analysis have led to enlightening and prudent studies which have paved the way toward a better understanding of not only physiological but also pathological processes in the field of cell biology. This review is intended to summarize articles standing for the progress made in "histo-biochemical" techniques and their manifold applications.
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12
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Gauster M, Siwetz M, Orendi K, Moser G, Desoye G, Huppertz B. Caspases rather than calpains mediate remodelling of the fodrin skeleton during human placental trophoblast fusion. Cell Death Differ 2009; 17:336-45. [PMID: 19798107 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2009.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Fusion of cytotrophoblasts with the overlying syncytiotrophoblast is an integral step in differentiation of the human placental villous trophoblast. Multiple factors, such as growth factors, hormones, cytokines, protein kinases, transcription factors and structural membrane proteins, were described to modulate trophoblast fusion. However, the knowledge on remodelling of the membrane-associated cytoskeleton during trophoblast fusion is very limited. This study describes the link between remodelling of spectrin-like alpha-fodrin and intercellular trophoblast fusion. Experiments with primary trophoblasts isolated from term placentas and the choriocarcinoma cell line BeWo revealed a biphasic strategy of the cells to achieve reorganization of alpha-fodrin. Syncytialization of trophoblasts was accompanied by down-regulation of alpha-fodrin mRNA, whereas the full-length alpha-fodrin protein was cleaved into 120 and 150 kDa fragments. Application of calpeptin and calpain inhibitor III did not affect alpha-fodrin fragmentation in primary term trophoblasts and forskolin-treated BeWo cells, but decreased secretion of beta human chorionic gonadotropin. In contrast, inhibitors of caspases 3, 8 and 9 attenuated generation of the 120 kDa fragment and a general caspase inhibitor completely blocked fragmentation, suggesting an exclusive function of caspases in alpha-fodrin remodelling. Immunofluorescence double staining of human placenta revealed co-localization of active caspase 8 with alpha-fodrin positive vesicles in fusing villous cytotrophoblasts. These results suggest that caspase-dependent fragmentation of alpha-fodrin may be important for reorganization of the sub-membranous cytoskeleton during trophoblast fusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Gauster
- Institute of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Center for Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Harrachgasse 21/VII, Graz 8010, Austria.
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State-of-the-art technologies, current opinions and developments, and novel findings: news from the field of histochemistry and cell biology. Histochem Cell Biol 2008; 130:1205-51. [PMID: 18985372 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-008-0535-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/21/2008] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Investigations of cell and tissue structure and function using innovative methods and approaches have again yielded numerous exciting findings in recent months and have added important data to current knowledge, inspiring new ideas and hypotheses in various fields of modern life sciences. Topics and contents of comprehensive expert reviews covering different aspects in methodological advances, cell biology, tissue function and morphology, and novel findings reported in original papers are summarized in the present review.
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