1
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Hadrup N, Sharma AK, Jacobsen NR, Loeschner K. Distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity of implanted silver: a review. Drug Chem Toxicol 2021; 45:2388-2397. [PMID: 34455878 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2021.1950167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Some implantable medical devices contain silver. We aimed to assess at what amount implanted silver becomes toxic. Silver was elevated in bodily fluids and tissues surrounding silver-containing implants. Silver released from implants also distributes to blood and other tissues; there is evidence to suggest silver can pass the blood-brain-barrier. Silver can be deposited as nano-sized particles in various tissues. Such particles, in addition to silver, often contain other elements too, e.g., selenium and sulfur. Silver released from implants seems to stay in the body for long periods (years). Reported excretion pathways following implantation are urinary and fecal ones. Reported toxicological effects were virtually all local reactions surrounding the implants. Argyria is a blue-gray discoloration of the skin due to deposited silver granules. Localized argyria has been described after the implantation of acupuncture needles and silver-coated prostheses, although the presence of silver was tested only for and shown in the former. Other toxicological effects include local tissue reactivity and examples of neurotoxic and vascular effects. We did not include genotoxicity studies in the present publication as we recently evaluated silver to be genotoxic. Carcinogenicity studies were absent. We conclude that local toxicity of implanted silver can be foreseen in some situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niels Hadrup
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anoop K Sharma
- Division for Diet, Disease Prevention and Toxicology, Group for Chemical Risk Assessment and GMO, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Nicklas R Jacobsen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Katrin Loeschner
- Division for Food Technology, Research Group for Analytical Food Chemistry, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
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2
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Pem B, Ćurlin M, Domazet Jurašin D, Vrček V, Barbir R, Micek V, Fratila RM, de la Fuente JM, Vinković Vrček I. Fate and transformation of silver nanoparticles in different biological conditions. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 12:665-679. [PMID: 34327112 PMCID: PMC8275868 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.12.53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The exploitation of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in biomedicine represents more than one third of their overall application. Despite their wide use and significant amount of scientific data on their effects on biological systems, detailed insight into their in vivo fate is still lacking. This study aimed to elucidate the biotransformation patterns of AgNPs following oral administration. Colloidal stability, biochemical transformation, dissolution, and degradation behaviour of different types of AgNPs were evaluated in systems modelled to represent biological environments relevant for oral administration, as well as in cell culture media and tissue compartments obtained from animal models. A multimethod approach was employed by implementing light scattering (dynamic and electrophoretic) techniques, spectroscopy (UV-vis, atomic absorption, nuclear magnetic resonance) and transmission electron microscopy. The obtained results demonstrated that AgNPs may transform very quickly during their journey through different biological conditions. They are able to degrade to an ionic form and again reconstruct to a nanoparticulate form, depending on the biological environment determined by specific body compartments. As suggested for other inorganic nanoparticles by other research groups, AgNPs fail to preserve their specific integrity in in vivo settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Pem
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska cesta 2, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marija Ćurlin
- University of Zagreb, School of Medicine, Šalata 12, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Darija Domazet Jurašin
- Division of Physical Chemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Valerije Vrček
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Ante Kovačića 1, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Rinea Barbir
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska cesta 2, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Vedran Micek
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska cesta 2, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Raluca M Fratila
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza 50009, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Spain
| | - Jesus M de la Fuente
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza 50009, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Spain
| | - Ivana Vinković Vrček
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska cesta 2, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
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3
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Pöthig A, Ahmed S, Winther-Larsen HC, Guan S, Altmann PJ, Kudermann J, Santos Andresen AM, Gjøen T, Høgmoen Åstrand OA. Antimicrobial Activity and Cytotoxicity of Ag(I) and Au(I) Pillarplexes. Front Chem 2018; 6:584. [PMID: 30542649 PMCID: PMC6277803 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2018.00584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The biological activity of four pillarplex compounds featuring different metals and anions was investigated. The toxicity of the compounds against four bacterial strains [Bacillus subtilis (ATCC6633), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC6538), Escherichia coli (UVI isolate), Pseudomonas aeruginosa], one fungus (Candida albicans), and a human cell line (HepG2) was determined. Additionally, a UV-Vis titration study of the pillarplexes was carried out to check for stability depending on pH- and chloride concentration changes and evaluate the applicability in physiological media. All compounds are bioactive: the silver compounds showed higher activity against bacteria and fungi, and the corresponding gold pillarplexes were less toxic against human cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Pöthig
- Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
| | - Sara Ahmed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Shengyang Guan
- Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
| | - Philipp J Altmann
- Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
| | - Jürgen Kudermann
- Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
| | | | - Tor Gjøen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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4
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Hadrup N, Sharma AK, Loeschner K. Toxicity of silver ions, metallic silver, and silver nanoparticle materials after in vivo dermal and mucosal surface exposure: A review. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2018; 98:257-267. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2018.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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5
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Jia J, Li F, Zhou H, Bai Y, Liu S, Jiang Y, Jiang G, Yan B. Oral Exposure to Silver Nanoparticles or Silver Ions May Aggravate Fatty Liver Disease in Overweight Mice. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2017; 51:9334-9343. [PMID: 28723108 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b02752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
As the applications and environmental release of silver ions and nanoparticles are increasing, increasing human exposure to these pollutants has become an emerging health concern. The impeding effects of such pollutants on susceptible populations are severely under-studied. Here, we demonstrate that silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs), at a dose that causes no general toxicity in normal mice, promotes the progression of fatty liver disease from steatosis to steatohepatitis only in overweight mice. Exposure to Ag+ ions induces the same effects in overweight mice. Ag NPs rather than Ag+ ions cause this disease progression based on our findings that Ag+ ions are partly reduced to Ag NPs in fatty livers, and the toxic effect is correlated with the liver dose of Ag NPs, not Ag+ ions. Furthermore, the Ag NP-induced pro-inflammatory activation of Kupffer cells in the liver, enhancement of hepatic inflammation, and suppression of fatty acid oxidation are identified as key factors in the underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianbo Jia
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University , Jinan 250100, P.R. China
| | - Feifei Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University , Jinan 250100, P.R. China
| | - Hongyu Zhou
- School of Environment, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposure and Health and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632, P.R. China
| | - Yuhong Bai
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University , Jinan 250100, P.R. China
| | - Sijin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100085, P.R. China
| | - Yiguo Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Institute for Chemical Carcinogenesis, Guangzhou Medical University , Guangzhou 511436, P.R. China
| | - Guibin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100085, P.R. China
| | - Bing Yan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University , Jinan 250100, P.R. China
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6
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Antibacterial efficacy and cytotoxicity of low intensity direct current activated silver–titanium implant system prototype. Biometals 2017; 30:113-125. [DOI: 10.1007/s10534-017-9993-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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7
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Gerits E, Kucharíková S, Van Dijck P, Erdtmann M, Krona A, Lövenklev M, Fröhlich M, Dovgan B, Impellizzeri F, Braem A, Vleugels J, Robijns SCA, Steenackers HP, Vanderleyden J, De Brucker K, Thevissen K, Cammue BPA, Fauvart M, Verstraeten N, Michiels J. Antibacterial activity of a new broad-spectrum antibiotic covalently bound to titanium surfaces. J Orthop Res 2016; 34:2191-2198. [PMID: 27003909 DOI: 10.1002/jor.23238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Biofilm-associated infections, particularly those caused by Staphylococcus aureus, are a major cause of implant failure. Covalent coupling of broad-spectrum antimicrobials to implants is a promising approach to reduce the risk of infections. In this study, we developed titanium substrates on which the recently discovered antibacterial agent SPI031, a N-alkylated 3, 6-dihalogenocarbazol 1-(sec-butylamino)-3-(3,6-dichloro-9H-carbazol-9-yl)propan-2-ol, was covalently linked (SPI031-Ti). We found that SPI031-Ti substrates prevent biofilm formation of S. aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in vitro, as quantified by plate counting and fluorescence microscopy. To test the effectiveness of SPI031-Ti substrates in vivo, we used an adapted in vivo biomaterial-associated infection model in mice in which SPI031-Ti substrates were implanted subcutaneously and subsequently inoculated with S. aureus. Using this model, we found a significant reduction in biofilm formation (up to 98%) on SPI031-Ti substrates compared to control substrates. Finally, we demonstrated that the functionalization of the titanium surfaces with SPI031 did not influence the adhesion and proliferation of human cells important for osseointegration and bone repair. In conclusion, these data demonstrate the clinical potential of SPI031 to be used as an antibacterial coating for implants, thereby reducing the incidence of implant-associated infections. © 2016 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 34:2191-2198, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelien Gerits
- Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 20 box 2460, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Soňa Kucharíková
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, VIB, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31 box 2438, 3001 Leuven, Belgium.,Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31 box 2438, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Patrick Van Dijck
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, VIB, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31 box 2438, 3001 Leuven, Belgium.,Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31 box 2438, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Annika Krona
- Department of Structure and Material Design, SP Food and Bioscience, Box 5401, 402 29 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Maria Lövenklev
- Department of Structure and Material Design, SP Food and Bioscience, Box 5401, 402 29 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mirjam Fröhlich
- Educell Ltd, Prevale 9, 1236 Trzin, Slovenia.,Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Cell Biology, University of Ljubljana, Vrazov trg 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | | | - Annabel Braem
- Department of Materials Engineering (MTM), KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 44 box 2450, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jef Vleugels
- Department of Materials Engineering (MTM), KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 44 box 2450, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Stijn C A Robijns
- Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 20 box 2460, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Hans P Steenackers
- Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 20 box 2460, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jozef Vanderleyden
- Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 20 box 2460, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Katrijn De Brucker
- Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 20 box 2460, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Karin Thevissen
- Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 20 box 2460, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bruno P A Cammue
- Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 20 box 2460, 3001 Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Technologiepark 927, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Maarten Fauvart
- Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 20 box 2460, 3001 Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Life Science Technologies, imec, Smart Systems and Emerging Technologies Unit, Kapeldreef 75, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Natalie Verstraeten
- Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 20 box 2460, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jan Michiels
- Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 20 box 2460, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
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8
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Alarcon EI, Udekwu KI, Noel CW, Gagnon LBP, Taylor PK, Vulesevic B, Simpson MJ, Gkotzis S, Islam MM, Lee CJ, Richter-Dahlfors A, Mah TF, Suuronen EJ, Scaiano JC, Griffith M. Safety and efficacy of composite collagen-silver nanoparticle hydrogels as tissue engineering scaffolds. NANOSCALE 2015; 7:18789-18798. [PMID: 26507748 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr03826j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The increasing number of multidrug resistant bacteria has revitalized interest in seeking alternative sources for controlling bacterial infection. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), are amongst the most promising candidates due to their wide microbial spectrum of action. In this work, we report on the safety and efficacy of the incorporation of collagen coated AgNPs into collagen hydrogels for tissue engineering. The resulting hybrid materials at [AgNPs] < 0.4 μM retained the mechanical properties and biocompatibility for primary human skin fibroblasts and keratinocytes of collagen hydrogels; they also displayed remarkable anti-infective properties against S. aureus, S. epidermidis, E. coli and P. aeruginosa at considerably lower concentrations than silver nitrate. Further, subcutaneous implants of materials containing 0.2 μM AgNPs in mice showed a reduction in the levels of IL-6 and other inflammation markers (CCL24, sTNFR-2, and TIMP1). Finally, an analysis of silver contents in implanted mice showed that silver accumulation primarily occurred within the tissue surrounding the implant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilio I Alarcon
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, CanadaK1Y 4W7
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9
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Duda F, Bradel S, Bleich A, Abendroth P, Heemeier T, Ehlert N, Behrens P, Esser KH, Lenarz T, Brandes G, Prenzler NK. Biocompatibility of silver containing silica films on Bioverit® II middle ear prostheses in rabbits. J Biomater Appl 2015; 30:17-29. [PMID: 25659947 DOI: 10.1177/0885328215570103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
For several centuries silver is known for its antibacterial effects. The middle ear is an interesting new scope for silver application since chronic inflammations combined with bacterial infection cause complete destruction of the fragile ossicle chain and tympanic membrane. The resulting conductive deafness requires tympanoplasty for reconstruction. Strategies to prevent bacterial growth on middle ear prostheses are highly recommended. In this study, rabbits were implanted with Bioverit® II middle ear prostheses functionalized with silver containing dense and nanoporous silica films which were compared with pure silica coatings as well as silver sulfadiazine cream applied on nanoporous silica coating. The health status of animals was continuously monitored; blood was examined before and after implantation. After 21 days, the middle ears were inspected; implants and mucosal samples were processed for electron microscopy. Autopsies were performed and systemic spreading of silver was chemically analyzed exemplarily in liver and kidneys. For verification of direct cytotoxicity, NIH 3T3 cells were cultured on similar silver containing silica coatings on glass up to 3 days. In vitro a reduced viability of fibroblasts adhering directly on the samples was detected compared to cells growing on the surrounding plastic of the same culture dish. In transmission electron microscopy, phagocytosed silver silica fragments, silver sulfadiazine cream as well as silver nanoparticles were noticed inside endosomes. In vivo, clinical and post mortem examinations were inconspicuous. Chemical analyses showed no increased silver content compared to controls. Mucosal coverages on almost all prostheses were found. But reduction of granulation tissue was only obvious around silver-coated implants. Single necroses and apoptosis in the mucosa were correlated by intracellular accumulation of metallic silver. For confirming supportive healing effects of middle ear implants, silver ion aggregates need to be tested in the future to optimize biocompatibility while assuring bactericidal effects in the middle ear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Duda
- ENT Department, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Susanne Bradel
- ENT Department, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - André Bleich
- Institute for Laboratory Animal Science, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Philipp Abendroth
- Cluster of Excellence "Hearing4all", Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Tanja Heemeier
- Cluster of Excellence "Hearing4all", Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Nina Ehlert
- Cluster of Excellence "Hearing4all", Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Peter Behrens
- Cluster of Excellence "Hearing4all", Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Karl-Heinz Esser
- Institute of Zoology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Thomas Lenarz
- ENT Department, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Gudrun Brandes
- Institute of Cellular Biology in the Centre for Anatomy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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10
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Anderson DS, Patchin ES, Silva RM, Uyeminami DL, Sharmah A, Guo T, Das GK, Brown JM, Shannahan J, Gordon T, Chen LC, Pinkerton KE, Van Winkle LS. Influence of particle size on persistence and clearance of aerosolized silver nanoparticles in the rat lung. Toxicol Sci 2015; 144:366-81. [PMID: 25577195 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfv005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The growing use of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in consumer products raises concerns about potential health effects. This study investigated the persistence and clearance of 2 different size AgNPs (20 and 110 nm) delivered to rats by single nose-only aerosol exposures (6 h) of 7.2 and 5.4 mg/m(3), respectively. Rat lung tissue was assessed for silver accumulations using inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), autometallography, and enhanced dark field microscopy. Involvement of tissue macrophages was assessed by scoring of silver staining in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). Silver was abundant in most macrophages at 1 day post-exposure. The group exposed to 20 nm AgNP had the greatest number of silver positive BALF macrophages at 56 days post-exposure. While there was a significant decrease in the amount of silver in lung tissue at 56 days post-exposure compared with 1 day following exposure, at least 33% of the initial delivered dose was still present for both AgNPs. Regardless of particle size, silver was predominantly localized within the terminal bronchial/alveolar duct junction region of the lung associated with extracellular matrix and within epithelial cells. Inhalation of both 20 and 110 nm AgNPs resulted in a persistence of silver in the lung at 56 days post-exposure and local deposition as well as accumulation of silver at the terminal bronchiole alveolar duct junction. Further the smaller particles, 20 nm AgNP, produced a greater silver burden in BALF macrophages as well as greater persistence of silver positive macrophages at later timepoints (21 and 56 days).
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald S Anderson
- *Center for Health and the Environment, Department of Chemistry, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California Davis, Davis, California 95616, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045, Department of Environmental Medicine, Langone Medical Center, New York University, Tuxedo, New York 10987, Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California 95616 and Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, California 95817
| | - Esther S Patchin
- *Center for Health and the Environment, Department of Chemistry, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California Davis, Davis, California 95616, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045, Department of Environmental Medicine, Langone Medical Center, New York University, Tuxedo, New York 10987, Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California 95616 and Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, California 95817
| | - Rona M Silva
- *Center for Health and the Environment, Department of Chemistry, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California Davis, Davis, California 95616, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045, Department of Environmental Medicine, Langone Medical Center, New York University, Tuxedo, New York 10987, Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California 95616 and Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, California 95817
| | - Dale L Uyeminami
- *Center for Health and the Environment, Department of Chemistry, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California Davis, Davis, California 95616, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045, Department of Environmental Medicine, Langone Medical Center, New York University, Tuxedo, New York 10987, Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California 95616 and Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, California 95817
| | - Arjun Sharmah
- *Center for Health and the Environment, Department of Chemistry, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California Davis, Davis, California 95616, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045, Department of Environmental Medicine, Langone Medical Center, New York University, Tuxedo, New York 10987, Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California 95616 and Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, California 95817
| | - Ting Guo
- *Center for Health and the Environment, Department of Chemistry, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California Davis, Davis, California 95616, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045, Department of Environmental Medicine, Langone Medical Center, New York University, Tuxedo, New York 10987, Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California 95616 and Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, California 95817
| | - Gautom K Das
- *Center for Health and the Environment, Department of Chemistry, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California Davis, Davis, California 95616, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045, Department of Environmental Medicine, Langone Medical Center, New York University, Tuxedo, New York 10987, Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California 95616 and Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, California 95817
| | - Jared M Brown
- *Center for Health and the Environment, Department of Chemistry, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California Davis, Davis, California 95616, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045, Department of Environmental Medicine, Langone Medical Center, New York University, Tuxedo, New York 10987, Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California 95616 and Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, California 95817
| | - Jonathan Shannahan
- *Center for Health and the Environment, Department of Chemistry, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California Davis, Davis, California 95616, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045, Department of Environmental Medicine, Langone Medical Center, New York University, Tuxedo, New York 10987, Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California 95616 and Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, California 95817
| | - Terry Gordon
- *Center for Health and the Environment, Department of Chemistry, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California Davis, Davis, California 95616, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045, Department of Environmental Medicine, Langone Medical Center, New York University, Tuxedo, New York 10987, Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California 95616 and Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, California 95817
| | - Lung Chi Chen
- *Center for Health and the Environment, Department of Chemistry, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California Davis, Davis, California 95616, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045, Department of Environmental Medicine, Langone Medical Center, New York University, Tuxedo, New York 10987, Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California 95616 and Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, California 95817
| | - Kent E Pinkerton
- *Center for Health and the Environment, Department of Chemistry, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California Davis, Davis, California 95616, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045, Department of Environmental Medicine, Langone Medical Center, New York University, Tuxedo, New York 10987, Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California 95616 and Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, California 95817 *Center for Health and the Environment, Department of Chemistry, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California Davis, Davis, California 95616, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045, Department of Environmental Medicine, Langone Medical Center, New York University, Tuxedo, New York 10987, Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California 95616 and Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, California 95817 *Center for Health and the Environment, Department of Chemistry, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California Davis, Davis, California 95616, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045, Department of Environmental Medicine, Langone Medical Center, New York University, Tuxedo, New York 10987, Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California 95616 and Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, California 95817
| | - Laura S Van Winkle
- *Center for Health and the Environment, Department of Chemistry, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California Davis, Davis, California 95616, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045, Department of Environmental Medicine, Langone Medical Center, New York University, Tuxedo, New York 10987, Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California 95616 and Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, California 95817 *Center for Health and the Environment, Department of Chemistry, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California Davis, Davis, California 95616, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045, Department of Environmental Medicine, Langone Medical Center, New York University, Tuxedo, New York 10987, Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California 95616 and Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, California 95817
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11
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Anderson DS, Silva RM, Lee D, Edwards PC, Sharmah A, Guo T, Pinkerton KE, Van Winkle LS. Persistence of silver nanoparticles in the rat lung: Influence of dose, size, and chemical composition. Nanotoxicology 2014; 9:591-602. [PMID: 25231189 DOI: 10.3109/17435390.2014.958116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Increasing silver nanoparticle (AgNP) use in sprays, consumer products, and medical devices has raised concerns about potential health effects. While previous studies have investigated AgNPs, most were limited to a single particle size or surface coating. In this study, we investigated the effect of size, surface coating, and dose on the persistence of silver in the lung following exposure to AgNP. Adult male rats were intratracheally instilled with four different AgNPs: 20 or 110 nm in size and coated with either citrate or polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) at 0.5 or 1.0 mg/kg doses. Silver retention was assessed in the lung at 1, 7, and 21 d post exposure. ICP-MS quantification demonstrated that citrate-coated AgNPs persisted in the lung to 21 d with retention greater than 90%, while PVP-coated AgNP had less than 30% retention. Localization of silver in lung tissue at 1 d post exposure demonstrated decreased silver in proximal airways exposed to 110 nm particles compared with 20 nm AgNPs. In terminal bronchioles 1 d post exposure, silver was localized to surface epithelium but was more prominent in the basement membrane at 7 d. Silver positive macrophages in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid decreased more quickly after exposure to particles coated with PVP. We conclude that PVP-coated AgNPs had less retention in the lung tissue over time and larger particles were more rapidly cleared from large airways than smaller particles. The 20 nm citrate particles showed the greatest effect, increasing lung macrophages even 21 d after exposure, and resulted in the greatest silver retention in lung tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald S Anderson
- Center for Health and the Environment,University of California Davis , Davis, CA , USA
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12
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Derivatives of the mouse cathelicidin-related antimicrobial peptide (CRAMP) inhibit fungal and bacterial biofilm formation. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2014; 58:5395-404. [PMID: 24982087 DOI: 10.1128/aac.03045-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
We identified a 26-amino-acid truncated form of the 34-amino-acid cathelicidin-related antimicrobial peptide (CRAMP) in the islets of Langerhans of the murine pancreas. This peptide, P318, shares 67% identity with the LL-37 human antimicrobial peptide. As LL-37 displays antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity, we tested antifungal and antibiofilm activity of P318 against the fungal pathogen Candida albicans. P318 shows biofilm-specific activity as it inhibits C. albicans biofilm formation at 0.15 μM without affecting planktonic survival at that concentration. Next, we tested the C. albicans biofilm-inhibitory activity of a series of truncated and alanine-substituted derivatives of P318. Based on the biofilm-inhibitory activity of these derivatives and the length of the peptides, we decided to synthesize the shortened alanine-substituted peptide at position 10 (AS10; KLKKIAQKIKNFFQKLVP). AS10 inhibited C. albicans biofilm formation at 0.22 μM and acted synergistically with amphotericin B and caspofungin against mature biofilms. AS10 also inhibited biofilm formation of different bacteria as well as of fungi and bacteria in a mixed biofilm. In addition, AS10 does not affect the viability or functionality of different cell types involved in osseointegration of an implant, pointing to the potential of AS10 for further development as a lead peptide to coat implants.
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13
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Cupaioli FA, Zucca FA, Boraschi D, Zecca L. Engineered nanoparticles. How brain friendly is this new guest? Prog Neurobiol 2014; 119-120:20-38. [PMID: 24820405 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2014.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2013] [Revised: 04/24/2014] [Accepted: 05/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In the last 30 years, the use of engineered nanoparticles (NPs) has progressively increased in many industrial and medical applications. In therapy, NPs may allow more effective cellular and subcellular targeting of drugs. In diagnostic applications, quantum dots are exploited for their optical characteristics, while superparamagnetic iron oxides NPs are used in magnetic resonance imaging. NPs are used in semiconductors, packaging, textiles, solar cells, batteries and plastic materials. Despite the great progress in nanotechnologies, comparatively little is known to date on the effects that exposure to NPs may have on the human body, in general and specifically on the brain. NPs can enter the human body through skin, digestive tract, airways and blood and they may cross the blood-brain barrier to reach the central nervous system. In addition to the paucity of studies describing NP effects on brain function, some of them also suffer of insufficient NPs characterization, inadequate standardization of conditions and lack of contaminant evaluation, so that results from different studies can hardly be compared. It has been shown in vitro and in vivo in rodents that NPs can impair dopaminergic and serotoninergic systems. Changes of neuronal morphology and neuronal death were reported in mice treated with NPs. NPs can also affect the respiratory chain of mitochondria and Bax protein levels, thereby causing apoptosis. Changes in expression of genes involved in redox pathways in mouse brain regions were described. NPs can induce autophagy, and accumulate in lysosomes impairing their degradation capacity. Cytoskeleton and vesicle trafficking may also be affected. NPs treated animals showed neuroinflammation with microglia activation, which could induce neurodegeneration. Considering the available data, it is important to design adequate models and experimental systems to evaluate in a reliable and controlled fashion the effects of NPs on the brain, and generate data representative of effects on the human brain, thereby useful for developing robust and valid nanosafety standards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca A Cupaioli
- Institute of Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council of Italy, Segrate, Milan, Italy
| | - Fabio A Zucca
- Institute of Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council of Italy, Segrate, Milan, Italy
| | - Diana Boraschi
- Institute of Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council of Italy, Unit of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Luigi Zecca
- Institute of Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council of Italy, Segrate, Milan, Italy.
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14
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Plant-derived decapeptide OSIP108 interferes with Candida albicans biofilm formation without affecting cell viability. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2014; 58:2647-56. [PMID: 24566179 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01274-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously identified a decapeptide from the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana, OSIP108, which is induced upon fungal pathogen infection. In this study, we demonstrated that OSIP108 interferes with biofilm formation of the fungal pathogen Candida albicans without affecting the viability or growth of C. albicans cells. OSIP108 displayed no cytotoxicity against various human cell lines. Furthermore, OSIP108 enhanced the activity of the antifungal agents amphotericin B and caspofungin in vitro and in vivo in a Caenorhabditis elegans-C. albicans biofilm infection model. These data point to the potential use of OSIP108 in combination therapy with conventional antifungal agents. In a first attempt to unravel its mode of action, we screened a library of 137 homozygous C. albicans mutants, affected in genes encoding cell wall proteins or transcription factors important for biofilm formation, for altered OSIP108 sensitivity. We identified 9 OSIP108-tolerant C. albicans mutants that were defective in either components important for cell wall integrity or the yeast-to-hypha transition. In line with these findings, we demonstrated that OSIP108 activates the C. albicans cell wall integrity pathway and that its antibiofilm activity can be blocked by compounds inhibiting the yeast-to-hypha transition. Furthermore, we found that OSIP108 is predominantly localized at the C. albicans cell surface. These data point to interference of OSIP108 with cell wall-related processes of C. albicans, resulting in impaired biofilm formation.
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15
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Fukuda T, Kino Y, Abe Y, Yamashiro H, Kuwahara Y, Nihei H, Sano Y, Irisawa A, Shimura T, Fukumoto M, Shinoda H, Obata Y, Saigusa S, Sekine T, Isogai E, Fukumoto M. Distribution of artificial radionuclides in abandoned cattle in the evacuation zone of the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant. PLoS One 2013; 8:e54312. [PMID: 23372703 PMCID: PMC3553152 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0054312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2012] [Accepted: 12/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant (FNPP) accident released large amounts of radioactive substances into the environment. In order to provide basic information for biokinetics of radionuclides and for dose assessment of internal exposure brought by the FNPP accident, we determined the activity concentration of radionuclides in the organs of 79 cattle within a 20-km radius around the FNPP. In all the specimens examined, deposition of Cesium-134 (134Cs, half-life: 2.065 y) and 137Cs (30.07 y) was observed. Furthermore, organ-specific deposition of radionuclides with relatively short half-lives was detected, such as silver-110m (110mAg, 249.8 d) in the liver and tellurium-129m (129mTe, 33.6 d) in the kidney. Regression analysis showed a linear correlation between the radiocesium activity concentration in whole peripheral blood (PB) and that in each organ. The resulting slopes were organ dependent with the maximum value of 21.3 being obtained for skeletal muscles (R2 = 0.83, standard error (SE) = 0.76). Thus, the activity concentration of 134 Cs and 137Cs in an organ can be estimated from that in PB. The level of radioactive cesium in the organs of fetus and infants were 1.19-fold (R2 = 0.62, SE = 0.12), and 1.51-fold (R2 = 0.70, SE = 0.09) higher than that of the corresponding maternal organ, respectively. Furthermore, radiocesium activity concentration in organs was found to be dependent on the feeding conditions and the geographic location of the cattle. This study is the first to reveal the detailed systemic distribution of radionuclides in cattle attributed to the FNPP accident.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomokazu Fukuda
- Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Yasushi Kino
- Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Abe
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamagata University, Tsuruoka, Yamagata, Japan
| | | | - Yoshikazu Kuwahara
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Hidekazu Nihei
- Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Yosuke Sano
- Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Ayumi Irisawa
- Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Shimura
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Motoi Fukumoto
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Hisashi Shinoda
- Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Yuichi Obata
- RIKEN BioResource Center (BRC), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Shin Saigusa
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Sekine
- Center for the Advancement of Higher Education, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Emiko Isogai
- Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Manabu Fukumoto
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
- * E-mail:
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16
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Loeschner K, Hadrup N, Qvortrup K, Larsen A, Gao X, Vogel U, Mortensen A, Lam HR, Larsen EH. Distribution of silver in rats following 28 days of repeated oral exposure to silver nanoparticles or silver acetate. Part Fibre Toxicol 2011; 8:18. [PMID: 21631937 PMCID: PMC3123173 DOI: 10.1186/1743-8977-8-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 304] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2010] [Accepted: 06/01/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The study investigated the distribution of silver after 28 days repeated oral administration of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and silver acetate (AgAc) to rats. Oral administration is a relevant route of exposure because of the use of silver nanoparticles in products related to food and food contact materials. Results AgNPs were synthesized with a size distribution of 14 ± 4 nm in diameter (90% of the nanoparticle volume) and stabilized in aqueous suspension by the polymer polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP). The AgNPs remained stable throughout the duration of the 28-day oral toxicity study in rats. The organ distribution pattern of silver following administration of AgNPs and AgAc was similar. However the absolute silver concentrations in tissues were lower following oral exposure to AgNPs. This was in agreement with an indication of a higher fecal excretion following administration of AgNPs. Besides the intestinal system, the largest silver concentrations were detected in the liver and kidneys. Silver was also found in the lungs and brain. Autometallographic (AMG) staining revealed a similar cellular localization of silver in ileum, liver, and kidney tissue in rats exposed to AgNPs or AgAc. Using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), nanosized granules were detected in the ileum of animals exposed to AgNPs or AgAc and were mainly located in the basal lamina of the ileal epithelium and in lysosomes of macrophages within the lamina propria. Using energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy it was shown that the granules in lysosomes consisted of silver, selenium, and sulfur for both AgNP and AgAc exposed rats. The diameter of the deposited granules was in the same size range as that of the administered AgNPs. No silver granules were detected by TEM in the liver. Conclusions The results of the present study demonstrate that the organ distribution of silver was similar when AgNPs or AgAc were administered orally to rats. The presence of silver granules containing selenium and sulfur in the intestinal wall of rats exposed to either of the silver forms suggests a common mechanism of their formation. Additional studies however, are needed to gain further insight into the underlying mechanisms of the granule formation, and to clarify whether AgNPs dissolve in the gastrointestinal system and/or become absorbed and translocate as intact nanoparticles to organs and tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Loeschner
- Division of Food Chemistry, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Søborg, Denmark.
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Locht LJ, Pedersen MØ, Markholt S, Bibby BM, Larsen A, Penkowa M, Stoltenberg M, Rungby J. Metallic silver fragments cause massive tissue loss in the mouse brain. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2011; 109:1-10. [PMID: 21205224 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-7843.2010.00668.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Silver is a metal with well-known antibacterial effects. This makes silver an attractive coating material for medical devices for use inside the body, e.g. orthopaedic prostheses and catheters used in neurosurgery as it has been found to reduce the high risk of infections. Lately, the use of nano-silver particles in the industry, e.g. woven into fabrics and furniture has increased, and thus the exposure to silver particles in daily life increases. To study the effect of metallic silver particles on nervous tissue, we injected micron-sized silver particles into the mouse brain by stereotactic procedures. After 7, 14 days and 9 months, the silver-exposed animals had considerable brain damage seen as cavity formation and inflammation adjacent to the injected metallic silver particles. The tissue loss involved both cortical and hippocampal structures and resulted in enlargement of the lateral ventricles. Autometallographic silver enhancement showed silver uptake in lysosomes of glia cells and neurons in the ipsilateral cortex and hippocampus alongside a minor uptake on the contralateral side. Silver was also detected in ependymal cells and the choroid plexus. After 9 months, spreading of silver to the kidneys was seen. Cell counts of immunostained sections showed that metallic silver induced a statistically significant inflammatory response, i.e. increased microgliosis (7 days: p < 0.0001; 14 days: p < 0.01; 9 months: p < 0.0001) and TNF-α expression (7 and 14 days: p < 0.0001; 9 months: p = 0.91). Significant astrogliosis (7, 14 days and 9 months: p < 0.0001) and increased metallothionein (MT I + II) expression (7 and 14 days: p < 0.0001; 9 months: p < 0.001) were also seen in silver-exposed brain tissue. We conclude that metallic silver implants release silver ions causing neuroinflammation and a progressive tissue loss in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Jansons Locht
- Section of Neurobiology, Department of Anatomy, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
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18
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Hübner S, Efthymiadis A. Histochemistry and cell biology: the annual review 2010. Histochem Cell Biol 2011; 135:111-40. [PMID: 21279376 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-011-0781-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/12/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
This review summarizes recent advances in histochemistry and cell biology which complement and extend our knowledge regarding various aspects of protein functions, cell and tissue biology, employing appropriate in vivo model systems in conjunction with established and novel approaches. In this context several non-expected results and discoveries were obtained which paved the way of research into new directions. Once the reader embarks on reading this review, it quickly becomes quite obvious that the studies contribute not only to a better understanding of fundamental biological processes but also provide use-oriented aspects that can be derived therefrom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Hübner
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Würzburg, Koellikerstrasse 6, 97070 Würzburg, Germany.
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19
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New Strategies in the Development of Antimicrobial Coatings: The Example of Increasing Usage of Silver and Silver Nanoparticles. Polymers (Basel) 2011. [DOI: 10.3390/polym3010340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 343] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
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