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Koopaie M, Ghafourian M, Manifar S, Younespour S, Davoudi M, Kolahdooz S, Shirkhoda M. Evaluation of CSTB and DMBT1 expression in saliva of gastric cancer patients and controls. BMC Cancer 2022; 22:473. [PMID: 35488257 PMCID: PMC9055774 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-022-09570-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Gastric cancer (GC) is the fifth most common cancer and the third cause of cancer deaths globally, with late diagnosis, low survival rate, and poor prognosis. This case-control study aimed to evaluate the expression of cystatin B (CSTB) and deleted in malignant brain tumor 1 (DMBT1) in the saliva of GC patients with healthy individuals to construct diagnostic algorithms using statistical analysis and machine learning methods. Methods Demographic data, clinical characteristics, and food intake habits of the case and control group were gathered through a standard checklist. Unstimulated whole saliva samples were taken from 31 healthy individuals and 31 GC patients. Through ELISA test and statistical analysis, the expression of salivary CSTB and DMBT1 proteins was evaluated. To construct diagnostic algorithms, we used the machine learning method. Results The mean salivary expression of CSTB in GC patients was significantly lower (115.55 ± 7.06, p = 0.001), and the mean salivary expression of DMBT1 in GC patients was significantly higher (171.88 ± 39.67, p = 0.002) than the control. Multiple linear regression analysis demonstrated that GC was significantly correlated with high levels of DMBT1 after controlling the effects of age of participants (R2 = 0.20, p < 0.001). Considering salivary CSTB greater than 119.06 ng/mL as an optimal cut-off value, the sensitivity and specificity of CSTB in the diagnosis of GC were 83.87 and 70.97%, respectively. The area under the ROC curve was calculated as 0.728. The optimal cut-off value of DMBT1 for differentiating GC patients from controls was greater than 146.33 ng/mL (sensitivity = 80.65% and specificity = 64.52%). The area under the ROC curve was up to 0.741. As a result of the machine learning method, the area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve for the diagnostic ability of CSTB, DMBT1, demographic data, clinical characteristics, and food intake habits was 0.95. The machine learning model’s sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were 100, 70.8, and 80.5%, respectively. Conclusion Salivary levels of DMBT1 and CSTB may be accurate in diagnosing GCs. Machine learning analyses using salivary biomarkers, demographic, clinical, and nutrition habits data simultaneously could provide affordability models with acceptable accuracy for differentiation of GC by a cost-effective and non-invasive method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Koopaie
- Department of Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marjan Ghafourian
- Department of Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Soheila Manifar
- Department of Oral Medicine, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, North Kargar St, P.O.Box:14395-433, Tehran, 14399-55991, Iran.
| | - Shima Younespour
- Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mansour Davoudi
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering and IT, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Sajad Kolahdooz
- Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Shirkhoda
- Department of General Oncology, Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute of Iran, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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2
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Diez S, Renner M, Bahlinger V, Hartmann A, Besendörfer M, Müller H. Increased expression of OLFM4 and lysozyme during necrotizing enterocolitis in neonates: an observational research study. BMC Pediatr 2022; 22:192. [PMID: 35410162 PMCID: PMC8996401 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-022-03260-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In neonatal patients with necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) the inflammatory response is mediated by a plurality of different proteins. The proteins olfactomedin 4 (OLFM4) and lysozyme (LYZ) are part of the intestinal mucosal defense and especially OLFM4 has rarely been evaluated in neonatal gastrointestinal diseases. The aim of this study was to analyze whether expression levels of both proteins of innate immunity, OLFM4 and lysozyme, were increased during NEC in neonates. Methods Intestinal tissues of patients with NEC were examined with immunohistochemical staining of formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded sections of resected tissue using antibodies against OLFM4 and lysozyme. Staining-positive tissues were semi-quantitatively scored from 0 (no staining), 1 (weak staining), 2 (moderate staining) to 3 (highly intense staining) by two individual investigators. Intestinal tissue of infants with volvulus was used as a control as other intestinal tissue without major inflammation was not available. Results Both applied antibodies against OLFM4 showed different staining patterns with higher staining intensity of the antibody OLFM4 (D1E4M). OLFM4 (median score of the antibody OLFM4 (D1E4M): 3.0) and lysozyme (median score: 3.0) are highly expressed in intestinal and immune cells during NEC. Expression of OLFM4 and lysozyme in the control samples with volvulus was observable but significantly lower (median score of the antibody OLFM4 (D1E4M): 1.25; median score of the antibody against LYZ: 2.0; p = 0.033 and p = 0.037, respectively). Conclusions Both proteins, OLFM4 and lysozyme, may play a role in the pathogenesis of NEC in neonatal patients, but the exact mechanisms of OLFM4 and lysozyme function and their role in immunological responses have not yet been resolved in detail. These observations add new insights as basis for further large-scale population research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Diez
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Pediatric Surgery, Department for General Surgery, University Hospital Erlangen, Loschgestraße 15, 91054, Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Marcus Renner
- Institute of Pathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 224, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Veronika Bahlinger
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Krankenhausstraße 8-10, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Arndt Hartmann
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Krankenhausstraße 8-10, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Manuel Besendörfer
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Pediatric Surgery, Department for General Surgery, University Hospital Erlangen, Loschgestraße 15, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Hanna Müller
- Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care, Department of Pediatrics, University of Marburg, Baldingerstraße, 35033, Marburg, Germany
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Diez S, Besendörfer M, Weyerer V, Hartmann A, Moosmann J, Weiss C, Renner M, Müller H. DMBT1 expression and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio during necrotizing enterocolitis are influenced by impaired perfusion due to cardiac anomalies. Mol Cell Pediatr 2022; 9:1. [PMID: 34989914 PMCID: PMC8739415 DOI: 10.1186/s40348-021-00133-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Deleted in malignant brain tumors 1 (DMBT1) is involved in innate immunity and epithelial differentiation. It has been proven to play a role in various states of inflammation or hypoxia of fetal gastrointestinal and pulmonary diseases. Discrimination of pathogenesis in necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) based on cardiac status improves the understanding of NEC in different patient subgroups. We aimed at examining DMBT1 expressions regarding their association with cardiac status leading to impaired intestinal perfusion, intraoperative bacteria proof, and a fulminant course of NEC. METHODS Twenty-eight patients with NEC were treated surgically between 2010 and 2019 at our institution. DMBT1 expression was examined in intestinal sections using immunohistochemistry to detect DMBT1 protein. Associations of clinical parameters and DMBT1 expression were analyzed. RESULTS We examined DMBT1 levels in 10 patients without cardiac defects and 18 patients with persisting ductus arteriosus (PDA) and congenital heart defects (CHD). Compared to patients without cardiac malformations, DMBT1 levels tended to score higher in patients with PDA/CHD (p = 0.2113) and were negatively correlated with C-reactive protein in these infants (p = 0.0172; r = - 0.5533). The number of DMBT1-expressing macrophages was elevated in the PDA/CHD-subgroup (p = 0.0399). Ratios of neutrophils and monocytes to lymphocytes were significantly higher in infants with PDA/CHD (p = 0.0319 and 0.0493). DMBT1 expression was significantly associated with positive bacterial culture of intraoperative swabs (p = 0.0252) and DMBT1 expression of the serosa was associated with a fulminant course of NEC (p = 0.0239). CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that DMBT1 expression may be influenced by cardiac anomalies with an impaired intestinal perfusion in the neonatal intestine. NEC in PDA/CHD infants is associated with more DMBT1-positive macrophages and a significantly elevated neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Diez
- Pediatric Surgery, Department for General Surgery, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Loschgestraße 15, 91054, Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Manuel Besendörfer
- Pediatric Surgery, Department for General Surgery, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Loschgestraße 15, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Veronika Weyerer
- Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Krankenhausstraße 8-10, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Arndt Hartmann
- Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Krankenhausstraße 8-10, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Julia Moosmann
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Loschgestraße 15, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christel Weiss
- Department of Medical Statistics & Biomathematics, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, Haus 3, Ebene 4, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Marcus Renner
- Institute of Pathology, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 224, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hanna Müller
- Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care, Department of Pediatrics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Loschgestraße 15, 91054, Erlangen, Germany.,Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care, Department of Pediatrics, University of Marburg, Baldingerstraße, 35033, Marburg, Germany
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Lee GKC, Beeler-Marfisi J, Viel L, Piché É, Kang H, Sears W, Bienzle D. Bronchial brush cytology, endobronchial biopsy, and SALSA immunohistochemistry in severe equine asthma. Vet Pathol 2021; 59:100-111. [PMID: 34903109 PMCID: PMC8679176 DOI: 10.1177/03009858211048635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Horses with severe equine asthma (SEA), also known as heaves and recurrent airway
obstruction, have persistent neutrophilic inflammation of the lower airways.
Cytologic evaluation of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid is commonly used to
confirm the clinical diagnosis of SEA. However, the utility of microscopic
assessment of bronchial brushings, endobronchial biopsies, and
immunohistochemical detection of disease-associated biomarkers for the diagnosis
of SEA remain poorly characterized. Salivary scavenger and agglutinin (SALSA)
has anti-inflammatory properties and downregulated gene expression in SEA;
therefore, it was investigated as a tissue biomarker for airway and systemic
inflammation. Six asthmatic and 6 non-asthmatic horses were exposed to an
inhaled challenge. Before and after challenge, samples of BAL fluid, bronchial
brushing, and endobronchial biopsy were collected. Location of SALSA in biopsies
was determined, and immunohistochemical label intensity was computed using image
analysis software. Serum amyloid A (SAA) was measured to assess systemic
inflammation. After challenge, neutrophil proportions were significantly higher
in asthmatic versus non-asthmatic horses in BAL fluid (least squares means, 95%
confidence interval: 80.9%, 57.2% to 93.1%, vs 3.6%, 1.1% to 10.7%) and in brush
cytology slides (39.5%, 7.7% to 83.6%, vs 0.2%, 0% to 2.3%), illustrating the
potential of brush cytology as an alternate modality to BAL for assessing
intraluminal inflammation. Bronchial histopathologic findings and intensity of
SALSA immunolabeling in surface and glandular epithelium were similar in
asthmatic and non-asthmatic horses, indicating limited changes in bronchial
tissue from the inhaled challenge. Increases in SAA indicated systemic
inflammation, but SALSA immunolabeling did not change significantly.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Érica Piché
- University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Heng Kang
- University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
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Blickwedel J, Bagci S, Alsat EA, Strizek B, Renner M, Müller A, Müller H. DMBT1 amount in amniotic fluid depends on gestational age. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2021; 35:7058-7064. [PMID: 34107846 DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2021.1937103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Amniotic fluid is a mixture containing many different proteins as immunomodulatory peptides and growth factors. The glycoprotein Deleted in Malignant Brain Tumors 1 (DMBT1) is participated in innate immunity, angiogenesis and epithelial differentiation. We analyzed the DMBT1 concentration in amniotic fluid during gestation. METHODS DMBT1 concentration was quantified by ELISA. Amniotic fluid samples were collected from preterm and term neonates. Effects of maternal or neonatal parameters were analyzed. To evaluate the source of DMBT1 we examined RNA of fetal tissue in relation to DMBT1 expression. RESULTS The median DMBT1 concentration in amniotic fluid was 54.4 ng/ml. Amniotic fluid obtained <28 weeks of gestation revealed significantly lower DMBT1 concentrations compared to ≥28 weeks. We found a positive correlation between DMBT1 concentration and gestational age (p = .026). The fetal DMBT1 expression was pronounced in the gastrointestinal tract. CONCLUSIONS The results showed that DMBT1 concentrations in amniotic fluid correlate with the gestational age during gestation and that the fetal gastrointestinal tract is a potential source of DMBT1. BRIEF RATIONALE Amniotic fluid contains not only nutrients, but also many immunomodulatory peptides and growth factors. Deleted in Malignant Brain Tumors 1 (DMBT1) is an innate immunity protein with functions in epithelial differentiation and angiogenesis. The aim of this research was to study the DMBT1 content and the factors affecting its concentration in amniotic fluid during gestation. In summary, the results obtained in this study showed that DMBT1 is a component of amniotic fluid and that DMBT1 concentrations in amniotic fluid correlate with gestational age. In addition to this, the fetal gastrointestinal tract is a potential source of DMBT1 detected in amniotic fluid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Blickwedel
- Department of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care, Children's Hospital, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Soyhan Bagci
- Department of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care, Children's Hospital, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Ebru Ailen Alsat
- Department of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care, Children's Hospital, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Brigitte Strizek
- Department of Obstetrics and Prenatal Medicine, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Marcus Renner
- Institute of Pathology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Müller
- Department of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care, Children's Hospital, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Hanna Müller
- Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care, Department of Pediatrics, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany.,Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Erlangen, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
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6
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Reichhardt MP, Messing M, Andersson S, Kolho KL, Meri S. Intestinal SALSA/dmbt1 levels are decreased in prematurely born infants. Scand J Immunol 2020; 93:e12987. [PMID: 33047342 DOI: 10.1111/sji.12987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The first months of life represent a crucial time period for an infant. Alongside establishing the early microbiome, the mucosal immunological homeostasis is being developed. Both processes may be perturbed in prematurely born infants. The glycoprotein SALSA plays a role in mucosal inflammation and microbial clearance. It is one of the most abundant molecules on the intestinal mucosal surfaces in early life. SALSA binds to many types of microbes and host defence molecules like IgA, C1q and collectin molecules. We here describe the development in faecal SALSA levels during the first three months of life. During these 90 days, the median SALSA level in full-term babies decreased from 1100 μg/mL (range 49-17 000 μg/mL) to 450 μg/mL (range 33-1000 μg/mL). Lower levels of SALSA were observed in prematurely born infants in the same time period. Our novel observation thus indicates an impact of prematurity on an important component of the infant intestinal immune system. Changes in SALSA in early life may have an effect on the early establishment of the human microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Parnov Reichhardt
- Department of Bacteriology and Immunology and Translational Immunology Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marcel Messing
- Department of Bacteriology and Immunology and Translational Immunology Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sture Andersson
- Department of Pediatrics and Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kaija-Leena Kolho
- Department of Pediatrics and Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Faculty of Medicine and HealthTechnology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Seppo Meri
- Department of Bacteriology and Immunology and Translational Immunology Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Batista-Gomes JA, Mello FAR, de Oliveira EHC, de Souza MPC, Wanderley AV, da Costa Pantoja L, dos Santos NPC, Khayat BCM, Khayat AS. Identifying novel genetic alterations in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia based on copy number analysis. Mol Cytogenet 2020; 13:25. [PMID: 32607130 PMCID: PMC7320540 DOI: 10.1186/s13039-020-00491-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Copy number variations (CNVs) analysis may reveal molecular biomarkers and provide information on the pathogenesis of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). We investigated the gene copy number in childhood ALL by microarray and select three new recurrent CNVs to evaluate by real-time PCR assay: DMBT1, KIAA0125 and PRDM16 were selected due to high frequency of CNVs in ALL samples and based on their potential biological functions in carcinogenesis described in the literature. DBMT1 deletion was associated with patients with chromosomal translocations and is a potential tumor suppressor; KIAA0125 and PRDM16 may act as an oncogene despite having a paradoxical behavior in carcinogenesis. This study reinforces that microarrays/aCGH is it is a powerful tool for detection of genomic aberrations, which may be used in the risk stratification.
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Lu X, Xu Y, Zhao Y, Tao Q, Wu J. Silenced DMBT1 promotes nasal mucosa epithelial cell growth. Ann Hum Genet 2017; 82:102-108. [PMID: 29148567 DOI: 10.1111/ahg.12230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Revised: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the role of the deleted in malignant brain tumors 1 (DMBT1) gene in the development of nasal polyps, as well as related mechanisms. METHODS A stable human nasal mucosa epithelial cell (HNEpC) line with low expression of DMBT1 was generated. Three groups were established: a control group (HNEpCs without any treatment), a control short interference RNA (shRNA) group (HNEpCs transfected with an empty vector), and a DMBT1 shRNA group (HNEpCs with silenced DMBT1). Cell viability, apoptosis, and cell cycle distribution were measured after incubation. Expression of p53, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), protein kinase B (AKT) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase1/2 (ERK1/2) was detected by western blotting. RESULTS Compared with the control cell line, HNEpCs with silenced DMBT1 had increased viability and decreased apoptosis. Moreover, after DMBT1 silence, cell numbers were decreased significantly in the G1 phase and increased in the G2 and S phases. DMBT1 silence was associated with increased AKT expression and decreased p53 expression, but it did not alter expression of ERK1/2 or STAT3 (P > 0.05). Compared with the control cell line, HNEpCs transfected with an empty vector did not have altered cell viability, apoptosis, cell cycle distribution or expression of AKT, p53, ERK1/2, or STAT3 (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION DMBT1 plays an important role in the growth and division of nasal epithelial cells. The possible mechanism might involve DMBT1 regulating the AKT-p53 pathway to promote cell viability and reduce apoptosis of nasal epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Lu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yaping Xu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Zhao
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Qilei Tao
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Wu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Shanghai, China
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