1
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Alnassar N, Hajto J, Rumney RMH, Verma S, Borczyk M, Saha C, Kanczler J, Butt AM, Occhipinti A, Pomeroy J, Angione C, Korostynski M, Górecki DC. Ablation of the dystrophin Dp71f alternative C-terminal variant increases sarcoma tumour cell aggressiveness. Hum Mol Genet 2024:ddae094. [PMID: 38850567 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddae094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Alterations in Dp71 expression, the most ubiquitous dystrophin isoform, have been associated with patient survival across tumours. Intriguingly, in certain malignancies, Dp71 acts as a tumour suppressor, while manifesting oncogenic properties in others. This diversity could be explained by the expression of two Dp71 splice variants encoding proteins with distinct C-termini, each with specific properties. Expression of these variants has impeded the exploration of their unique roles. Using CRISPR/Cas9, we ablated the Dp71f variant with the alternative C-terminus in a sarcoma cell line not expressing the canonical C-terminal variant, and conducted molecular (RNAseq) and functional characterisation of the knockout cells. Dp71f ablation induced major transcriptomic alterations, particularly affecting the expression of genes involved in calcium signalling and ECM-receptor interaction pathways. The genome-scale metabolic analysis identified significant downregulation of glucose transport via membrane vesicle reaction (GLCter) and downregulated glycolysis/gluconeogenesis pathway. Functionally, these molecular changes corresponded with, increased calcium responses, cell adhesion, proliferation, survival under serum starvation and chemotherapeutic resistance. Knockout cells showed reduced GLUT1 protein expression, survival without attachment and their migration and invasion in vitro and in vivo were unaltered, despite increased matrix metalloproteinases release. Our findings emphasise the importance of alternative splicing of dystrophin transcripts and underscore the role of the Dp71f variant, which appears to govern distinct cellular processes frequently dysregulated in tumour cells. The loss of this regulatory mechanism promotes sarcoma cell survival and treatment resistance. Thus, Dp71f is a target for future investigations exploring the intricate functions of specific DMD transcripts in physiology and across malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Alnassar
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, White Swan Road, Portsmouth PO1 2DT, United Kingdom
| | - Jacek Hajto
- Laboratory of Pharmacogenomics, Maj Institute of Pharmacology PAS, Smetna 12, Krakow 31155, Poland
| | - Robin M H Rumney
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, White Swan Road, Portsmouth PO1 2DT, United Kingdom
| | - Suraj Verma
- School of Computing, Engineering and Digital Technologies, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, Tees Valley TS1 3BX, United Kingdom
| | - Malgorzata Borczyk
- Laboratory of Pharmacogenomics, Maj Institute of Pharmacology PAS, Smetna 12, Krakow 31155, Poland
| | - Chandrika Saha
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, White Swan Road, Portsmouth PO1 2DT, United Kingdom
| | - Janos Kanczler
- Bone & Joint Research Group, Department of Human Development and Health, University of Southampton, Tremona Road, Southampton SO16 6YD, United Kingdom
| | - Arthur M Butt
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, White Swan Road, Portsmouth PO1 2DT, United Kingdom
| | - Annalisa Occhipinti
- School of Computing, Engineering and Digital Technologies, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, Tees Valley TS1 3BX, United Kingdom
| | - Joanna Pomeroy
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, White Swan Road, Portsmouth PO1 2DT, United Kingdom
| | - Claudio Angione
- School of Computing, Engineering and Digital Technologies, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, Tees Valley TS1 3BX, United Kingdom
| | - Michal Korostynski
- Laboratory of Pharmacogenomics, Maj Institute of Pharmacology PAS, Smetna 12, Krakow 31155, Poland
| | - Dariusz C Górecki
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, White Swan Road, Portsmouth PO1 2DT, United Kingdom
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Donandt T, Todorow V, Hintze S, Graupner A, Schoser B, Walter MC, Meinke P. Nuclear Small Dystrophin Isoforms during Muscle Differentiation. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1367. [PMID: 37374149 DOI: 10.3390/life13061367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the DMD gene can cause Duchenne or Becker muscular dystrophy (DMD/BMD) by affecting the giant isoform of dystrophin, a protein encoded by the DMD gene. The role of small dystrophin isoforms is not well investigated yet, and they may play a role in muscle development and molecular pathology. Here, we investigated the nuclear localization of short carboxy-terminal dystrophin isoforms during the in vitro differentiation of human, porcine, and murine myoblast cultures. We could not only confirm the presence of Dp71 in the nucleoplasm and at the nuclear envelope, but we could also identify the Dp40 isoform in muscle nuclei. The localization of both isoforms over the first six days of differentiation was similar between human and porcine myoblasts, but murine myoblasts behaved differently. This highlights the importance of the porcine model in investigating DMD. We could also detect a wave-like pattern of nuclear presence of both Dp71 and Dp40, indicating a direct or indirect involvement in gene expression control during muscle differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Donandt
- Friedrich-Baur-Institute at the Department of Neurology, LMU University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilians University, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Vanessa Todorow
- Friedrich-Baur-Institute at the Department of Neurology, LMU University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilians University, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Stefan Hintze
- Friedrich-Baur-Institute at the Department of Neurology, LMU University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilians University, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Alexandra Graupner
- Friedrich-Baur-Institute at the Department of Neurology, LMU University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilians University, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Benedikt Schoser
- Friedrich-Baur-Institute at the Department of Neurology, LMU University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilians University, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Maggie C Walter
- Friedrich-Baur-Institute at the Department of Neurology, LMU University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilians University, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Peter Meinke
- Friedrich-Baur-Institute at the Department of Neurology, LMU University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilians University, 81377 Munich, Germany
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3
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Farea M, Maeta K, Nishio H, Matsuo M. Human Dystrophin Dp71ab Enhances the Proliferation of Myoblasts Across Species But Not Human Nonmyoblast Cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:877612. [PMID: 35547811 PMCID: PMC9081641 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.877612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dystrophin Dp71 is an isoform produced from the Dp71 promoter in intron 62 of the DMD gene, mutations in which cause Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Dp71 is involved in various cellular processes and comprises more than 10 isoforms produced by alternative splicing. Dp71ab, in which both exons 71 and 78 are deleted, has a hydrophobic C-terminus that is hydrophilic in Dp71. Therefore, Dp71ab is believed to have different roles from Dp71. Previously, we reported that Dp71ab enhanced the proliferation of human myoblasts. Here, we further characterized Dp71ab, focusing on the activation of cell proliferation. Dp71ab increased the proliferation of immortalized human myoblasts in a dose-dependent manner. In contrast, Dp71 suppressed proliferation in a dose-dependent manner. Consistent with these opposite effects, eGFP-tagged Dp71ab and mCherry-tagged Dp71 showed different cellular distributions, with Dp71ab mostly in the nucleus. Notably, human Dp71ab enhanced the proliferation of rat and mouse myoblasts. Despite these findings, human Dp71ab did not enhance the proliferation of human nonmyoblast cells, including rhabdomyosarcoma cells. We concluded that Dp71ab is a myoblast-specific proliferation enhancer. In further studies, Dp71ab will be employed for the expansion of myoblasts in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manal Farea
- Research Center for Locomotion Biology, Kobe Gakuin University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Maeta
- Research Center for Locomotion Biology, Kobe Gakuin University, Kobe, Japan
- KNC Department of Nucleic Acid Drug Discovery, Faculty of Rehabilitation, Kobe Gakuin University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Hisahide Nishio
- Research Center for Locomotion Biology, Kobe Gakuin University, Kobe, Japan
- Faculty of Rehabilitation, Kobe Gakuin University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Masafumi Matsuo
- Research Center for Locomotion Biology, Kobe Gakuin University, Kobe, Japan
- KNC Department of Nucleic Acid Drug Discovery, Faculty of Rehabilitation, Kobe Gakuin University, Kobe, Japan
- *Correspondence: Masafumi Matsuo,
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Shi N, Yang Q, Zhang H, Lu J, Lin H, Yang X, Abulimiti A, Cheng J, Wang Y, Tong L, Wang T, Zhang X, Chen H, Xia Q. Restoration of dystrophin expression in mice by suppressing a nonsense mutation through the incorporation of unnatural amino acids. Nat Biomed Eng 2022; 6:195-206. [PMID: 34341535 DOI: 10.1038/s41551-021-00774-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Approximately 11% of monogenic diseases involve nonsense mutations that are caused by premature termination codons. These codons can in principle be read-through via the site-specific incorporation of unnatural amino acids to generate full-length proteins with minimal loss of function. Here we report that aminoacyl-tRNA-synthase-tRNA pairs specific for the desired unnatural amino acids can be used to read through a nonsense mutation in the dystrophin gene. We show partial restoration of dystrophin expression in differentiated primary myoblasts (from a mdx mouse model and a patient with Duchenne muscular dystrophy), and restoration of muscle function in two mouse models: mdx mice, via viral delivery of the engineered tRNA-synthase-tRNA pair intraperitoneally or intramuscularly and of the associated unnatural amino acid intraperitoneally; and mice produced by crossing mdx mice and transgenic mice with a chromosomally integrated pair, via intraperitoneal delivery of the unnatural amino acid. The incorporation of unnatural amino acids to restore endogenous protein expression could be explored for therapeutic use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningning Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Haoran Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaqi Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Haishuang Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Aikedan Abulimiti
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jialu Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Le Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Tianchang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaodong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Hongmin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Qing Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.
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Niba ETE, Awano H, Lee T, Takeshima Y, Shinohara M, Nishio H, Matsuo M. Dystrophin Dp71 Subisoforms Localize to the Mitochondria of Human Cells. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11090978. [PMID: 34575126 PMCID: PMC8468555 DOI: 10.3390/life11090978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a fatal muscle wasting disease caused by deficiency in dystrophin, a protein product encoded by the DMD gene. Mitochondrial dysfunction is now attracting much attention as a central player in DMD pathology. However, dystrophin has never been explored in human mitochondria. Here, we analyzed dystrophin in cDNAs and mitochondrial fractions of human cells. Mitochondrial fraction was obtained using a magnetic-associated cell sorting (MACS) technology. Dystrophin was analyzed by reverse transcription (RT)-PCR and western blotting using an antibody against the dystrophin C-terminal. In isolated mitochondrial fraction from HEK293 cells, dystrophin was revealed as a band corresponding to Dp71b and Dp71ab subisoforms. Additionally, in mitochondria from HeLa, SH-SY5Y, CCL-136 and HepG2 cells, signals for Dp71b and Dp71ab were revealed as well. Concomitantly, dystrophin mRNAs encoding Dp71b and Dp71ab were disclosed by RT-PCR in these cells. Primary cultured myocytes from three dystrophinopathy patients showed various levels of mitochondrial Dp71 expression. Coherently, levels of mRNA were different in all cells reflecting the protein content, which indicated predominant accumulation of Dp71. Dystrophin was demonstrated to be localized to human mitochondrial fraction, specifically as Dp71 subisoforms. Myocytes derived from dystrophinopathy patients manifested different levels of mitochondrial Dp71, with higher expression revealed in myocytes from Becker muscular dystrophy (BMD) patient-derived myocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Tabe Eko Niba
- Department of Community Medicine and Social Healthcare Science, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-78-382-5543
| | - Hiroyuki Awano
- Department of Pediatrics, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan;
| | - Tomoko Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya 663-8501, Japan; (T.L.); (Y.T.)
| | - Yasuhiro Takeshima
- Department of Pediatrics, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya 663-8501, Japan; (T.L.); (Y.T.)
| | - Masakazu Shinohara
- Department of Community Medicine and Social Healthcare Science, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan;
| | - Hisahide Nishio
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation, Kobe Gakuin University, Kobe 651-2180, Japan;
| | - Masafumi Matsuo
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation, Kobe Gakuin University, Kobe 651-2180, Japan;
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Fujimoto T, Yaoi T, Tanaka H, Itoh K. Dystroglycan regulates proper expression, submembranous localization and subsequent phosphorylation of Dp71 through physical interaction. Hum Mol Genet 2021; 29:3312-3326. [PMID: 32996569 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddaa217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Dystrophin-dystroglycan complex (DGC) plays important roles for structural integrity and cell signaling, and its defects cause progressive muscular degeneration and intellectual disability. Dystrophin short product, Dp71, is abundantly expressed in multiple tissues other than muscle and is suspected of contributing to cognitive functions; however, its molecular characteristics and relation to dystroglycan (DG) remain unknown. Here, we report that DG physically interacts with Dp71 in cultured cells. Intriguingly, DG expression positively and DG knockdown negatively affected the steady-state expression, submembranous localization and subsequent phosphorylation of Dp71. Mechanistically, two EF-hand regions along with a ZZ motif of Dp71 mediate its association with the transmembrane proximal region, amino acid residues 788-806, of DG cytoplasmic domain. Most importantly, the pathogenic point mutations of Dp71, C272Y in the ZZ motif or L170del in the second EF-hand region, impaired its binding to DG, submembranous localization and phosphorylation of Dp71, indicating the relevance of DG-dependent Dp71 regulatory mechanism to pathophysiological conditions. Since Dp140, another dystrophin product, was also regulated by DG in the same manner as Dp71, our results uncovered a tight molecular relation between DG and dystrophin, which has broad implications for understanding the DGC-related cellular physiology and pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Fujimoto
- Department of Pathology and Applied Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Takeshi Yaoi
- Department of Pathology and Applied Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Hidekazu Tanaka
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan
| | - Kyoko Itoh
- Department of Pathology and Applied Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
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Dystrophin Dp71ab is monoclonally expressed in human satellite cells and enhances proliferation of myoblast cells. Sci Rep 2020; 10:17123. [PMID: 33051488 PMCID: PMC7553993 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-74157-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Dystrophin Dp71 is the smallest isoform of the DMD gene, mutations in which cause Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). Dp71 has also been shown to have roles in various cellular processes. Stem cell-based therapy may be effective in treating DMD, but the inability to generate a sufficient number of stem cells remains a significant obstacle. Although Dp71 is comprised of many variants, Dp71 in satellite cells has not yet been studied. Here, the full-length Dp71 consisting of 18 exons from exons G1 to 79 was amplified by reverse transcription-PCR from total RNA of human satellite cells. The amplified product showed deletion of both exons 71 and 78 in all sequenced clones, indicating monoclonal expression of Dp71ab. Western blotting of the satellite cell lysate showed a band corresponding to over-expressed Dp71ab. Transfection of a plasmid expressing Dp71ab into human myoblasts significantly enhanced cell proliferation when compared to the cells transfected with the mock plasmid. However, transfection of the Dp71 expression plasmid encoding all 18 exons did not enhance myoblast proliferation. These findings indicated that Dp71ab, but not Dp71, is a molecular enhancer of myoblast proliferation and that transfection with Dp71ab may generate a high yield of stem cells for DMD treatment.
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8
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Naidoo M, Anthony K. Dystrophin Dp71 and the Neuropathophysiology of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy. Mol Neurobiol 2020; 57:1748-1767. [PMID: 31836945 PMCID: PMC7060961 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-019-01845-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is caused by frameshift mutations in the DMD gene that prevent the body-wide translation of its protein product, dystrophin. Besides a severe muscle phenotype, cognitive impairment and neuropsychiatric symptoms are prevalent. Dystrophin protein 71 (Dp71) is the major DMD gene product expressed in the brain and mutations affecting its expression are associated with the DMD neuropsychiatric syndrome. As with dystrophin in muscle, Dp71 localises to dystrophin-associated protein complexes in the brain. However, unlike in skeletal muscle; in the brain, Dp71 is alternatively spliced to produce many isoforms with differential subcellular localisations and diverse cellular functions. These include neuronal differentiation, adhesion, cell division and excitatory synapse organisation as well as nuclear functions such as nuclear scaffolding and DNA repair. In this review, we first describe brain involvement in DMD and the abnormalities observed in the DMD brain. We then review the gene expression, RNA processing and functions of Dp71. We review genotype-phenotype correlations and discuss emerging cellular/tissue evidence for the involvement of Dp71 in the neuropathophysiology of DMD. The literature suggests changes observed in the DMD brain are neurodevelopmental in origin and that their risk and severity is associated with a cumulative loss of distal DMD gene products such as Dp71. The high risk of neuropsychiatric syndromes in Duchenne patients warrants early intervention to achieve the best possible quality of life. Unravelling the function and pathophysiological significance of dystrophin in the brain has become a high research priority to inform the development of brain-targeting treatments for Duchenne.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Naidoo
- Centre for Physical Activity and Life Sciences, Faculty of Arts, Science and Technology, University of Northampton, University Drive, Northampton, Northamptonshire, NN1 5PH, UK
| | - Karen Anthony
- Centre for Physical Activity and Life Sciences, Faculty of Arts, Science and Technology, University of Northampton, University Drive, Northampton, Northamptonshire, NN1 5PH, UK.
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9
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Rani AQM, Farea M, Maeta K, Kawaguchi T, Awano H, Nagai M, Nishio H, Matsuo M. Identification of the shortest splice variant of Dp71, together with five known variants, in glioblastoma cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 508:640-645. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.11.168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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10
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Detection of Dystrophin Dp71 in Human Skeletal Muscle Using an Automated Capillary Western Assay System. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19061546. [PMID: 29789502 PMCID: PMC6032138 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19061546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Revised: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Dystrophin Dp71 is one of the isoforms produced by the DMD gene which is mutated in patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). Although Dp71 is expressed ubiquitously, it has not been detected in normal skeletal muscle. This study was performed to assess the expression of Dp71 in human skeletal muscle. Methods: Human skeletal muscle RNA and tissues were obtained commercially. Mouse skeletal muscle was obtained from normal and DMDmdx mice. Dp71 mRNA and protein were determined by reverse-transcription PCR and an automated capillary Western assay system, the Simple Western, respectively. Dp71 was over-expressed or suppressed using a plasmid expressing Dp71 or antisense oligonucleotide, respectively. Results: Full-length Dp71 cDNA was PCR amplified as a single product from human skeletal muscle RNA. A ca. 70 kDa protein peak detected by the Simple Western was determined as Dp71 by over-expressing Dp71 in HEK293 cells, or suppressing Dp71 expression with antisense oligonucleotide in rhabdomyosarcoma cells. The Simple Western assay detected Dp71 in the skeletal muscles of both normal and DMD mice. In human skeletal muscle, Dp71 was also detected. The ratio of Dp71 to vinculin of human skeletal muscle samples varied widely, indicating various levels of Dp71 expression. Conclusions: Dp71 protein was detected in human skeletal muscle using a highly sensitive capillary Western blotting system.
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Tan S, Tan J, Tan S, Zhao S, Cao X, Chen Z, Weng Q, Zhang H, Wang K, Zhou J, Xiao X. Decreased Dp71 expression is associated with gastric adenocarcinoma prognosis. Oncotarget 2018; 7:53702-53711. [PMID: 27449096 PMCID: PMC5288215 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
For the first time, dramatically decreased Dp71 protein and mRNA was found in 34 pairs of resected primary gastric adenocarcinoma. Immunohistochemistry identified Dp71 expression suppressed in 72.2% of 104 gastric cancer patients. The decreased Dp71 expression was significantly correlated with cancer differentiation (P=0.001) and lymph vascular invasion (p=0.041). Decreased Dp71 expression was associated with a poor gastric adenocarcinoma prognosis (P=0.001). Significantly less Dp71 mRNA and protein were found in BGC823, SGC7901, AGS compared with GES-1. Via increasing lamin B1 mRNA and protein, enforced Dp71d and Dp71f expression resulted in SGC7901 proliferation inhibition. Co-IP proved interaction of Dp71 with lamin B1 in GES-1 cells. Further expression characterization showed reduced lamin B1 in gastric cancer tissue and cancer cells. Increasing lamin B1 expression results in the growth inhibition of SGC7901, which suggests that Dp71-lamin B1 protein complex plays an important role for the newly identified tumor suppressive function of Dp71.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sipin Tan
- Laboratory of Shock, Department of Pathophysiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Tan
- Laboratory of Shock, Department of Pathophysiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Sichuang Tan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan 410011, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuai Zhao
- Laboratory of Shock, Department of Pathophysiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxia Cao
- Laboratory of Shock, Department of Pathophysiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhikang Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiaocheng Weng
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Huali Zhang
- Laboratory of Shock, Department of Pathophysiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Kangkai Wang
- Laboratory of Shock, Department of Pathophysiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiang Zhou
- Laboratory of Shock, Department of Pathophysiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianzhong Xiao
- Laboratory of Shock, Department of Pathophysiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, People's Republic of China
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Patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy are significantly shorter than those with Becker muscular dystrophy, with the higher incidence of short stature in Dp71 mutated subgroup. Neuromuscul Disord 2017; 27:1023-1028. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2017.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Revised: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 06/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Niba ETE, Yamanaka R, Rani AQM, Awano H, Matsumoto M, Nishio H, Matsuo M. DMD transcripts in CRL-2061 rhabdomyosarcoma cells show high levels of intron retention by intron-specific PCR amplification. Cancer Cell Int 2017; 17:58. [PMID: 28546788 PMCID: PMC5442858 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-017-0428-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The DMD gene encoding dystrophin is mutated in Duchenne muscular dystrophy, a fatal progressive muscle wasting disease. DMD has also been shown to act as a tumor suppressor gene. Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is a mesodermal sarcoma that shares characteristics of skeletal muscle precursors. Products of the DMD gene in RMS have not yet been fully clarified. Here, DMD products were analyzed in CRL-2061 cells established from alveolar RMS. METHODS The 14-kb long DMD cDNA was PCR amplified as 20 separated fragments, as were nine short intron regions. Dystrophin was analyzed by Western blotting using an antibody against the C-terminal region of dystrophin. RESULTS Sixteen of the 20 DMD cDNA fragments could be amplified from CRL-2061 cells as muscle cDNA. Three fragments included aberrant gene products, including one in which exon 71 was omitted and one each with retention of introns 40 and 58. In one fragment, extending from exon 70 to 79, no normally spliced product was obtained. Rather, six alternatively spliced products were identified, including a new product deleting exon 73, with the most abundant product showing deletion of exon 78. Although dystrophin expression was expected in CRL-2061 cells, western blotting of cell lysates showed no evidence of dystrophin, suggesting that translation of full-length DMD mRNA was inhibited by intron retention that generated a premature stop codon. Intron specific PCR amplification of nine short introns, showed retention of introns 40, 58, and 70, which constituted about 60, 25 and 9%, respectively, of the total PCR amplified products. The most abundant DMD transcript contained two abnormalities, intron 40 retention and exon 78 skipping. CONCLUSIONS Intron-specific PCR amplification showed that DMD transcripts contained high levels of introns 40, 58 and 70. Retention of these introns may have been responsible for the lack of dystrophin expression by CRL-2061 cells, thereby abolishing the tumor suppressor activity of dystrophin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Tabe Eko Niba
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation, Kobe Gakuin University, 518 Arise, Ikawadani, Nishi, Kobe, 6512180 Japan
| | - Ryo Yamanaka
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation, Kobe Gakuin University, 518 Arise, Ikawadani, Nishi, Kobe, 6512180 Japan
| | - Abdul Qawee Mahyoob Rani
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation, Kobe Gakuin University, 518 Arise, Ikawadani, Nishi, Kobe, 6512180 Japan.,Department of Pediatrics, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Chuo, Kobe, 6500017 Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Awano
- Department of Pediatrics, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Chuo, Kobe, 6500017 Japan
| | - Masaaki Matsumoto
- Department of Pediatrics, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Chuo, Kobe, 6500017 Japan
| | - Hisahide Nishio
- Department of Community Medicine and Social Healthcare Sciences, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Chuo, Kobe, 6500017 Japan
| | - Masafumi Matsuo
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation, Kobe Gakuin University, 518 Arise, Ikawadani, Nishi, Kobe, 6512180 Japan
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Farruggio AP, Bhakta MS, du Bois H, Ma J, Calos MP. Genomic integration of the full-length dystrophin coding sequence in Duchenne muscular dystrophy induced pluripotent stem cells. Biotechnol J 2017; 12. [DOI: 10.1002/biot.201600477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Revised: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mital S. Bhakta
- Department of Genetics; Stanford University School of Medicine; Stanford CA USA
| | - Haley du Bois
- Department of Genetics; Stanford University School of Medicine; Stanford CA USA
| | - Julia Ma
- Department of Genetics; Stanford University School of Medicine; Stanford CA USA
| | - Michele P. Calos
- Department of Genetics; Stanford University School of Medicine; Stanford CA USA
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