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Couppé C, Svensson RB, Skovlund SV, Jensen JK, Eriksen CS, Malmgaard-Clausen NM, Nybing JD, Kjaer M, Magnusson SP. Habitual side-specific loading leads to structural, mechanical and compositional changes in the patellar tendon of young and senior life-long male athletes. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2021; 131:1187-1199. [PMID: 34382838 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00202.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Effects of life-long physical activity on tendon function have been investigated in cross-sectional studies, but these are at risk of "survivorship" bias. Here, we investigate if life-long side-specific loading is associated with greater cross-sectional area (CSA), mechanical properties, cell density (DNA content) and collagen cross-link composition of the male human patellar tendon (PT), in vivo. Nine seniors and six young male life-long elite badminton players and fencers were included. CSA of the PT obtained by 3-tesla MRI, and ultrasonography-based bilateral PT mechanics were assessed. Collagen fibril characteristics, enzymatic cross-links, non-enzymatic glycation (autofluorescence), collagen and DNA content were measured biochemically in PT biopsies. The elite athletes had a ≥15% side-to-side difference in maximal knee extensor strength, reflecting chronic unilateral sport-specific loading patterns. The PT CSA was greater on the lead extremity compared with the non-lead extremity (17 %, p=0.0001). Furthermore, greater tendon stiffness (18 %, p=0.0404) together with lower tendon stress (22 %, p=0.0005) and tendon strain (18 %, p=0.0433) were observed on the lead extremity. No effects were demonstrated from side-to-side for glycation, enzymatic cross-link, collagen, and DNA content (50%, p=0.1160). Moreover, tendon fibril density was 87±28 fibrils/μm2 on the lead extremity and 68±26 fibrils/μm2 on the non-lead extremity (28%, p=0.0544). Tendon fibril diameter was 86±14 nm on the lead extremity and 94±14 nm on the non-lead extremity (-9%, p=0.1076). These novel data suggest that life-long side-specific loading in males yields greater patellar tendon size and stiffness possibly with concomitant greater fibril density but without changes of collagen cross-link composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Couppé
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Bispebjerg-Frederiksberg Hospitals, Denmark.,Department of Physical and Occupational Therapy, Bispebjerg-Frederiksberg Hospitals, Denmark
| | - Rene B Svensson
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Bispebjerg-Frederiksberg Hospitals, Denmark
| | - Sebastian V Skovlund
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Bispebjerg-Frederiksberg Hospitals, Denmark.,Department of Physical and Occupational Therapy, Bispebjerg-Frederiksberg Hospitals, Denmark
| | | | | | | | - Janus Damm Nybing
- Department of Radiology, Bispebjerg-Frederiksberg Hospitals, Denmark
| | - Michael Kjaer
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Bispebjerg-Frederiksberg Hospitals, Denmark
| | - S Peter Magnusson
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Bispebjerg-Frederiksberg Hospitals, Denmark.,Department of Physical and Occupational Therapy, Bispebjerg-Frederiksberg Hospitals, Denmark
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2
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Clemons TD, Bradshaw M, Toshniwal P, Chaudhari N, Stevenson AW, Lynch J, Fear M, Wood FM, Iyer KS. Coherency image analysis to quantify collagen architecture: implications in scar assessment. RSC Adv 2018; 8:9661-9669. [PMID: 35540841 PMCID: PMC9078703 DOI: 10.1039/c7ra12693j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel technique for the fast and robust quantification of collagen architecture following scarring.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. D. Clemons
- School of Molecular Sciences M313
- The University of Western Australia
- Crawley
- Australia
| | - M. Bradshaw
- School of Molecular Sciences M313
- The University of Western Australia
- Crawley
- Australia
| | - P. Toshniwal
- School of Molecular Sciences M313
- The University of Western Australia
- Crawley
- Australia
| | - N. Chaudhari
- School of Molecular Sciences M313
- The University of Western Australia
- Crawley
- Australia
| | - A. W. Stevenson
- Fiona Wood Foundation and Burn Injury Research Unit
- The University of Western Australia, M318
- Crawley
- Australia
| | - J. Lynch
- Fiona Wood Foundation and Burn Injury Research Unit
- The University of Western Australia, M318
- Crawley
- Australia
- Royal College of Surgeon's of Ireland
| | - M. W. Fear
- Fiona Wood Foundation and Burn Injury Research Unit
- The University of Western Australia, M318
- Crawley
- Australia
| | - F. M. Wood
- Fiona Wood Foundation and Burn Injury Research Unit
- The University of Western Australia, M318
- Crawley
- Australia
| | - K. Swaminathan Iyer
- School of Molecular Sciences M313
- The University of Western Australia
- Crawley
- Australia
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3
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Takahashi N, Tangkawattana P, Ootomo Y, Hirose T, Minaguchi J, Ueda H, Yamada M, Takehana K. Morphometric analysis of growing tenocytes in the superficial digital flexor tendon of piglets. J Vet Med Sci 2017; 79:1960-1967. [PMID: 29070765 PMCID: PMC5745172 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.17-0436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The fine structures of different tendons in various animals at different ages have been
studied extensively to reveal their arrangement and growth patterns. However, knowledge of
the microstructures of the growing tenocytes in the tendons of piglets is still lacking.
Thus, we performed the first morphometric analysis to describe the characteristics of
tenocytes in the metacarpal superficial digital flexor tendon of 0-, 10- and 20-day-old
piglets. In the present study, hydrochloric acid/collagenase digestion was applied to
remove the interstitial connective tissue to obtain clear visualization of intact
tenocytes and their cytoplasmic processes (Cp). Then, the morphometry of the tenocytes was
investigated by optical and electron microscopy. The mean ± SE values of the fascicle
area, number of tenocytes/fascicle, cell density, number of Cp/tenocyte, length of Cp, and
thickness of Cp were compared among the three age groups. Significant differences (judged
at P<0.05) were found in almost all morphometric aspects among the age
groups, except for the number of Cp/cell (P=0.545) and thickness of the
Cp (P=0.105). A decrease of cell density corresponded with an increase in
the length of the Cp, which were extended to connect either with the Cp of the other
tenocytes or the surrounding endotendineum. Moreover, an increase of the fascicle area
reflected the increase in tendon diameter. The revealed morphometric characteristics are
thus the outcome of tendon growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Takahashi
- Laboratory of Microanatomy, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkiado 069-8501, Japan
| | - Prasarn Tangkawattana
- Laboratory of Microanatomy, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkiado 069-8501, Japan.,Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Yoshiki Ootomo
- Laboratory of Microanatomy, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkiado 069-8501, Japan
| | - Takuya Hirose
- Laboratory of Microanatomy, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkiado 069-8501, Japan
| | - Jun Minaguchi
- Laboratory of Microanatomy, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkiado 069-8501, Japan
| | - Hiromi Ueda
- Laboratory of Microanatomy, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkiado 069-8501, Japan
| | - Michi Yamada
- College of Agriculture, Department of Food and Environment Science, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8501, Japan
| | - Kazushige Takehana
- Laboratory of Microanatomy, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkiado 069-8501, Japan
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4
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Sarver DC, Kharaz YA, Sugg KB, Gumucio JP, Comerford E, Mendias CL. Sex differences in tendon structure and function. J Orthop Res 2017; 35:2117-2126. [PMID: 28071813 PMCID: PMC5503813 DOI: 10.1002/jor.23516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Tendons play a critical role in the transmission of forces between muscles and bones, and chronic tendon injuries and diseases are among the leading causes of musculoskeletal disability. Little is known about sex-based differences in tendon structure and function. Our objective was to evaluate the mechanical properties, biochemical composition, transcriptome, and cellular activity of plantarflexor tendons from 4 month old male and female C57BL/6 mice using in vitro biomechanics, mass spectrometry-based proteomics, genome-wide expression profiling, and cell culture techniques. While the Achilles tendons of male mice were approximately 6% larger than female mice (p < 0.05), the cell density of female mice was around 19% greater than males (p < 0.05). No significant differences in mechanical properties (p > 0.05) of plantaris tendons were observed. Mass spectrometry proteomics analysis revealed no significant difference between sexes in the abundance of major extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins such as collagen types I (p = 0.30) and III (p = 0.68), but female mice had approximately twofold elevations (p < 0.05) in less abundant ECM proteins such as fibronectin, periostin, and tenascin C. The transcriptome of male and female tendons differed by only 1%. In vitro, neither the sex of the serum that fibroblasts were cultured in, nor the sex of the ECM in which they were embedded, had profound effects on the expression of collagen and cell proliferation genes. Our results indicate that while male mice expectedly had larger tendons, male and female tendons have very similar mechanical properties and biochemical composition, with small increases in some ECM proteins and proteoglycans evident in female tendons. © 2017 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 35:2117-2126, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan C Sarver
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Section of Plastic Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Yalda Ashraf Kharaz
- Department of Musculoskeletal Biology, Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Kristoffer B Sugg
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Section of Plastic Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA,Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, Section of Plastic Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA,Department of Surgery, Section of Plastic Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jonathan P Gumucio
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Section of Plastic Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA,Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, Section of Plastic Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Eithne Comerford
- Department of Musculoskeletal Biology, Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Christopher L Mendias
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Section of Plastic Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA,Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, Section of Plastic Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA,Corresponding Author: Christopher L Mendias, PhD, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, BSRB 2017, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2200, 734-764-3250, 734-647-0003 fax,
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5
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Taatjes DJ, Roth J. In focus in HCB. Histochem Cell Biol 2016; 147:1-3. [PMID: 27900525 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-016-1517-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Douglas J Taatjes
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA.
| | - Jürgen Roth
- University of Zurich, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland
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