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Ren X, Xu J, Xue Q, Tong Y, Xu T, Wang J, Yang T, Chen Y, Shi D, Li X. BRG1 enhances porcine iPSC pluripotency through WNT/β-catenin and autophagy pathways. Theriogenology 2024; 215:10-23. [PMID: 38000125 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2023.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Brahma-related gene 1 (BRG1) enhances the pluripotency of embryonic and adult stem cells, however, its effect on induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) pluripotency has not been reported. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of BRG1 on porcine iPSC pluripotency and its mechanisms. The effect of BRG1 on porcine iPSC pluripotency was explored by positive and negative control it. The mechanism was investigated by regulating the WNT/β-catenin signaling pathway and autophagy flux. The results showed that inhibition of BRG1 decreased pluripotency-related gene expression in porcine iPSCs; while its overexpression had the opposite effect, the expression of WNT/β-catenin signaling pathway- and autophagy-related genes was significantly up-regulated (P < 0.05) in the BRG1 overexpressed group when compared to the control group. Inhibited pluripotency-related gene or protein expression, decreased autophagy flux, and increased mitochondrial length and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) were observed when porcine iPSCs were treated with the WNT/β-catenin signaling pathway inhibitor IWR-1. Forced BRG1 expression restored porcine iPSC pluripotency, increased autophagy flux, shortened mitochondria, and reduced MMP. Lastly, Compound C was used to activate porcine iPSC autophagy, and it was found that the expression of BRG1 and β-catenin increased, and pluripotency-related gene and protein expression was up-regulated; these effects were reversed when the BRG1 inhibitor PFI-3 and IWR-1 were added. These results suggested that BRG1 enhanced the pluripotency of porcine iPSCs through WNT/β-catenin and autophagy pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Ren
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Disease Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530005, China
| | - Jianchun Xu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Disease Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530005, China
| | - Qingsong Xue
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Disease Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530005, China
| | - Yi Tong
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Disease Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530005, China
| | - Tairan Xu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Disease Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530005, China
| | - Jinli Wang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Disease Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530005, China
| | - Ting Yang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Disease Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530005, China
| | - Yuan Chen
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Disease Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530005, China
| | - Deshun Shi
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Disease Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530005, China
| | - Xiangping Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Disease Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530005, China.
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2
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Xue Q, Shen C, Liu Q, Liu P, Guo D, Zheng L, Liu J, Liu C, Ye Q, Wang T, Dong J. The PtdIns3P phosphatase MtMP promotes symbiotic nitrogen fixation via mitophagy in Medicago truncatula. iScience 2023; 26:107752. [PMID: 37954141 PMCID: PMC10638472 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Symbiotic nitrogen fixation is a complex process in which legumes interact with rhizobia under nitrogen starvation. In this study, we found that myotubularin phosphatase (MtMP) is mainly expressed in roots and nodules in Medicago truncatula. MtMP promotes autophagy by dephosphorylating PtdIns3P on autophagosomes. The mp mutants inoculated with rhizobia showed a significant reduction in nitrogenase activity and significantly higher number of mitochondria than those of wild-type plants under nitrogen starvation, indicating that MtMP is involved in mitophagy of the infection zone. Mitophagy may provide carbon skeletons and nitrogen for the development of bacteroids and the reprogramming of infected cells. In conclusion, we found, for the first time, that myotubularin phosphatase is involved in autophagy in plants. MtMP-involved autophagy plays an active role in symbiotic nitrogen fixation. These results deepen our understanding of symbiotic nitrogen fixation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qixia Xue
- College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Shen
- College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Qianwen Liu
- College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Liu
- College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Da Guo
- College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Lihua Zheng
- College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jinling Liu
- College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Chang Liu
- College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Qinyi Ye
- College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Wang
- College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiangli Dong
- College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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3
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Alfonso-Pérez T, Baonza G, Herranz G, Martín-Belmonte F. Deciphering the interplay between autophagy and polarity in epithelial tubulogenesis. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2022; 131:160-172. [PMID: 35641407 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2022.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The Metazoan complexity arises from a primary building block, the epithelium, which comprises a layer of polarized cells that divide the organism into compartments. Most of these body compartments are organs formed by epithelial tubes that enclose an internal hollow space or lumen. Over the last decades, multiple studies have unmasked the paramount events required to form this lumen de novo. In epithelial cells, these events mainly involve recognizing external clues, establishing and maintaining apicobasal polarity, endo-lysosomal trafficking, and expanding the created lumen. Although canonical autophagy has been classically considered a catabolic process needed for cell survival, multiple studies have also emphasized its crucial role in epithelial polarity, morphogenesis and cellular homeostasis. Furthermore, non-canonical autophagy pathways have been recently discovered as atypical secretory routes. Both canonical and non-canonical pathways play essential roles in epithelial polarity and lumen formation. This review addresses how the molecular machinery for epithelial polarity and autophagy interplay in different processes and how autophagy functions influence lumenogenesis, emphasizing its role in the lumen formation key events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Alfonso-Pérez
- Program of Tissue and Organ Homeostasis, Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo, Ochoa", CSIC-UAM, Madrid 28049, Spain; Ramon & Cajal Health Research Institute (IRYCIS), Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid 28034, Spain
| | - Gabriel Baonza
- Program of Tissue and Organ Homeostasis, Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo, Ochoa", CSIC-UAM, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Gonzalo Herranz
- Program of Tissue and Organ Homeostasis, Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo, Ochoa", CSIC-UAM, Madrid 28049, Spain; Ramon & Cajal Health Research Institute (IRYCIS), Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid 28034, Spain
| | - Fernando Martín-Belmonte
- Program of Tissue and Organ Homeostasis, Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo, Ochoa", CSIC-UAM, Madrid 28049, Spain; Ramon & Cajal Health Research Institute (IRYCIS), Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid 28034, Spain.
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4
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Gómez-Virgilio L, Silva-Lucero MDC, Flores-Morelos DS, Gallardo-Nieto J, Lopez-Toledo G, Abarca-Fernandez AM, Zacapala-Gómez AE, Luna-Muñoz J, Montiel-Sosa F, Soto-Rojas LO, Pacheco-Herrero M, Cardenas-Aguayo MDC. Autophagy: A Key Regulator of Homeostasis and Disease: An Overview of Molecular Mechanisms and Modulators. Cells 2022; 11:cells11152262. [PMID: 35892559 PMCID: PMC9329718 DOI: 10.3390/cells11152262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a highly conserved lysosomal degradation pathway active at basal levels in all cells. However, under stress conditions, such as a lack of nutrients or trophic factors, it works as a survival mechanism that allows the generation of metabolic precursors for the proper functioning of the cells until the nutrients are available. Neurons, as post-mitotic cells, depend largely on autophagy to maintain cell homeostasis to get rid of damaged and/or old organelles and misfolded or aggregated proteins. Therefore, the dysfunction of this process contributes to the pathologies of many human diseases. Furthermore, autophagy is highly active during differentiation and development. In this review, we describe the current knowledge of the different pathways, molecular mechanisms, factors that induce it, and the regulation of mammalian autophagy. We also discuss its relevant role in development and disease. Finally, here we summarize several investigations demonstrating that autophagic abnormalities have been considered the underlying reasons for many human diseases, including liver disease, cardiovascular, cerebrovascular diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, neoplastic diseases, cancers, and, more recently, infectious diseases, such as SARS-CoV-2 caused COVID-19 disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Gómez-Virgilio
- Laboratory of Cellular Reprogramming, Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (L.G.-V.); (M.-d.-C.S.-L.); (D.-S.F.-M.); (J.G.-N.); (G.L.-T.); (A.-M.A.-F.)
| | - Maria-del-Carmen Silva-Lucero
- Laboratory of Cellular Reprogramming, Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (L.G.-V.); (M.-d.-C.S.-L.); (D.-S.F.-M.); (J.G.-N.); (G.L.-T.); (A.-M.A.-F.)
| | - Diego-Salvador Flores-Morelos
- Laboratory of Cellular Reprogramming, Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (L.G.-V.); (M.-d.-C.S.-L.); (D.-S.F.-M.); (J.G.-N.); (G.L.-T.); (A.-M.A.-F.)
- Laboratorio de Biomedicina Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo de los Bravo 39070, Guerrero, Mexico;
| | - Jazmin Gallardo-Nieto
- Laboratory of Cellular Reprogramming, Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (L.G.-V.); (M.-d.-C.S.-L.); (D.-S.F.-M.); (J.G.-N.); (G.L.-T.); (A.-M.A.-F.)
- Biotechnology Engeniering, Universidad Politécnica de Quintana Roo, Cancún 77500, Quintana Roo, Mexico
| | - Gustavo Lopez-Toledo
- Laboratory of Cellular Reprogramming, Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (L.G.-V.); (M.-d.-C.S.-L.); (D.-S.F.-M.); (J.G.-N.); (G.L.-T.); (A.-M.A.-F.)
| | - Arminda-Mercedes Abarca-Fernandez
- Laboratory of Cellular Reprogramming, Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (L.G.-V.); (M.-d.-C.S.-L.); (D.-S.F.-M.); (J.G.-N.); (G.L.-T.); (A.-M.A.-F.)
- Biotechnology Engeniering, Universidad Politécnica de Quintana Roo, Cancún 77500, Quintana Roo, Mexico
| | - Ana-Elvira Zacapala-Gómez
- Laboratorio de Biomedicina Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo de los Bravo 39070, Guerrero, Mexico;
| | - José Luna-Muñoz
- National Dementia BioBank, Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuautitlan Izcalli 53150, Estado de México, Mexico; (J.L.-M.); (F.M.-S.)
- Banco Nacional de Cerebros-UNPHU, Universidad Nacional Pedro Henríquez Ureña, Santo Domingo 11805, Dominican Republic
| | - Francisco Montiel-Sosa
- National Dementia BioBank, Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuautitlan Izcalli 53150, Estado de México, Mexico; (J.L.-M.); (F.M.-S.)
| | - Luis O. Soto-Rojas
- Laboratorio de Patogénesis Molecular, Laboratorio 4, Edificio A4, Carrera Médico Cirujano, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla 54090, Estado de México, Mexico;
- Red MEDICI, Carrera Médico Cirujano, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla 54090, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Mar Pacheco-Herrero
- Neuroscience Research Laboratory, Faculty of Health Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica Madre y Maestra, Santiago de los Caballeros 51000, Dominican Republic;
| | - Maria-del-Carmen Cardenas-Aguayo
- Laboratory of Cellular Reprogramming, Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (L.G.-V.); (M.-d.-C.S.-L.); (D.-S.F.-M.); (J.G.-N.); (G.L.-T.); (A.-M.A.-F.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +52-55-2907-0937
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5
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Wang S, Zhang K, Yao Y, Li J, Deng S. Bacterial Infections Affect Male Fertility: A Focus on the Oxidative Stress-Autophagy Axis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:727812. [PMID: 34746124 PMCID: PMC8566953 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.727812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous factors trigger male infertility, including lifestyle, the environment, health, medical resources and pathogenic microorganism infections. Bacterial infections of the male reproductive system can cause various reproductive diseases. Several male reproductive organs, such as the testicles, have unique immune functions that protect the germ cells from damage. In the reproductive system, immune cells can recognize the pathogen-associated molecular patterns carried by pathogenic microorganisms and activate the host's innate immune response. Furthermore, bacterial infections can lead to oxidative stress through multiple signaling pathways. Many studies have revealed that oxidative stress serves dual functions: moderate oxidative stress can help clear the invaders and maintain sperm motility, but excessive oxidative stress will induce host damage. Additionally, oxidative stress is always accompanied by autophagy which can also help maintain host homeostasis. Male reproductive system homeostasis disequilibrium can cause inflammation of the genitourinary system, influence spermatogenesis, and even lead to infertility. Here, we focus on the effect of oxidative stress and autophagy on bacterial infection in the male reproductive system, and we also explore the crosslink between oxidative stress and autophagy during this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sutian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kunli Zhang
- Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuchang Yao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Jianhao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Maoming, China
| | - Shoulong Deng
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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6
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Wen-Jin C, Xiu-Wu P, Jian C, Da X, Jia-Xin C, Wei-Jie C, Lin-Hui W, Xin-Gang C. Study of cellular heterogeneity and differential dynamics of autophagy in human embryonic kidney development by single-cell RNA sequencing. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:460. [PMID: 34461918 PMCID: PMC8404318 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-021-02154-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Autophagy is believed to participate in embryonic development, but whether the expression of autophagy-associated genes undergoes changes during the development of human embryonic kidneys remains unknown. Methods In this work, we identified 36,151 human renal cells from embryonic kidneys of 9–18 gestational weeks in 16 major clusters by single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), and detected 1350 autophagy-related genes in all fetal renal cells. The abundance of each cell cluster in Wilms tumor samples from scRNA-seq and GDC TARGET WT datasets was detected by CIBERSORTx. R package Monocle 3 was used to determine differentiation trajectories. Cyclone tool of R package scran was applied to calculate the cell cycle scores. R package SCENIC was used to investigate the transcriptional regulons. The FindMarkers tool from Seurat was used to calculate DEGs. GSVA was used to perform gene set enrichment analyses. CellphoneDB was utilized to analyze intercellular communication. Results It was found that cells in the 13th gestational week showed the lowest transcriptional level in each cluster in all stages. Nephron progenitors could be divided into four subgroups with diverse levels of autophagy corresponding to different SIX2 expressions. SSBpod (podocyte precursors) could differentiate into four types of podocytes (Pod), and autophagy-related regulation was involved in this process. Pseudotime analysis showed that interstitial progenitor cells (IPCs) potentially possessed two primitive directions of differentiation to interstitial cells with different expressions of autophagy. It was found that NPCs, pretubular aggregates and interstitial cell clusters had high abundance in Wilms tumor as compared with para-tumor samples with active intercellular communication. Conclusions All these findings suggest that autophagy may be involved in the development and cellular heterogeneity of early human fetal kidneys. In addition, part of Wilms tumor cancer cells possess the characteristics of some fetal renal cell clusters. Graphical abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12935-021-02154-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Wen-Jin
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Second Military Medical University, 700 North Moyu Road, Shanghai, 201805, China
| | - Pan Xiu-Wu
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Second Military Medical University, 700 North Moyu Road, Shanghai, 201805, China.,Department of Urology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Chu Jian
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Second Military Medical University, 700 North Moyu Road, Shanghai, 201805, China.,Department of Urology, Gongli Hospital of Second Military Medical University, 219 Miaopu Road, Shanghai, 200135, China
| | - Xu Da
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Second Military Medical University, 700 North Moyu Road, Shanghai, 201805, China
| | - Chen Jia-Xin
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Second Military Medical University, 700 North Moyu Road, Shanghai, 201805, China
| | - Chen Wei-Jie
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Second Military Medical University, 700 North Moyu Road, Shanghai, 201805, China
| | - Wang Lin-Hui
- Department of Urology, Changzheng Hospital of Second Military Medical University, 415 Fengyang Road, Shanghai, 200003, China.
| | - Cui Xin-Gang
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Second Military Medical University, 700 North Moyu Road, Shanghai, 201805, China. .,Department of Urology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China.
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7
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Wu H, Li W, Wang T, Rong Y, He Z, Huang S, Zhang L, Wu Z, Liu C. α-Tomatine, a novel early-stage autophagy inhibitor, inhibits autophagy to enhance apoptosis via Beclin-1 in Skov3 cells. Fitoterapia 2021; 152:104911. [PMID: 33901572 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2021.104911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Targeting the autophagy process is considered to be a promising new strategy for drug treatment of ovarian cancer. α-Tomatine, a steroidal alkaloid extracted, is mainly isolated from leaves, roots and immature green tomatoes. α-Tomatine has biological activities such as anticancer, antioxidative and anti-inflammatory. The study aimed to explore the effects of α-tomatine on proliferation, apoptosis and autophagy and the underlying mechanisms in ovarian cancer Skov3 cells. After treatment with different concentrations of α-tomatine (0, 0.75, 1 and 1.5 μM) in Skov3 cells for 24 h, proliferation was determined by the CCK-8 assay, and apoptosis was detected by flow cytometric analysis. Autophagy in cells was determined by the number of fluorescent spots using confocal fluorescence microscopy after mRFP-GFP-LC3 transfection. The relationship between autophagy and apoptosis was proved by Beclin-1 overexpression. The protein expression levels were tested by western blotting. The results demonstrated that α-tomatine effectively repressed proliferation, exerted a proapoptotic effect and inhibited early-stage autophagy in Skov3 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Additionally, Beclin-1 overexpression significantly suppressed α-tomatine-treated apoptosis in Skov3 cells, indicating that α-tomatine inhibits autophagy to induce apoptosis. We also found α-tomatine inhibited the protein expression levels of PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. However, the autophagy inhibition of α-tomatine could be reversed obviously by Beclin-1 overexpression. Taken together, α-tomatine inhibited autophagy through Beclin-1. Our study suggests that α-tomatine, as a novel early-stage autophagy inhibitor, might be a potential drug for further treatment of ovarian cancer by inhibiting proliferation and promoting apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailun Wu
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Guangxi Cancer Hospital and Guangxi Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi, 530000, China
| | - Weibin Li
- Xiang'An Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361000, China
| | - Tingting Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361000, China
| | - Yan Rong
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Guangxi Cancer Hospital and Guangxi Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi, 530000, China
| | - Ziying He
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Guangxi Cancer Hospital and Guangxi Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi, 530000, China
| | - Siting Huang
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Guangxi Cancer Hospital and Guangxi Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi, 530000, China
| | - Lifan Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361000, China
| | - Zuoxing Wu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361000, China
| | - Chanzhen Liu
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Guangxi Cancer Hospital and Guangxi Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi, 530000, China.
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8
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Taatjes DJ, Roth J. In focus in HCB. Histochem Cell Biol 2020; 154:597-607. [PMID: 33277679 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-020-01944-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Douglas J Taatjes
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA.
| | - Jürgen Roth
- University of Zurich, CH-8091, Zurich, Switzerland
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9
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In focus in HCB. Histochem Cell Biol 2020; 153:71-75. [PMID: 31993752 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-020-01843-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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10
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Li X, Xu J, Dai B, Wang X, Guo Q, Qin L. Targeting autophagy in osteoporosis: From pathophysiology to potential therapy. Ageing Res Rev 2020; 62:101098. [PMID: 32535273 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2020.101098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a highly prevalent disorder characterized by the loss of bone mass and microarchitecture deterioration of bone tissue, attributed to various factors, including menopause (primary), aging (primary) and adverse effects of relevant medications (secondary). In recent decades, knowledge regarding the etiological mechanisms underpinning osteoporosis emphasizes that bone cellular homeostasis, including the maintenance of cell functions, differentiation, and the response to stress, is tightly regulated by autophagy, which is a cell survival mechanism for eliminating and recycling damaged proteins and organelles. With the important roles in the maintenance of cellular homeostasis and organ function, autophagy has emerged as a potential target for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. In this review, we update and discuss the pathophysiology of autophagy in normal bone cell life cycle and metabolism. Then, the alternations of autophagy in primary and secondary osteoporosis, and the accompanied pathological process are discussed. Finally, we discuss current strategies, limitations, and challenges involved in targeting relevant pathways and propose strategies by which such hurdles may be circumvented in the future for their translation into clinical validations and applications for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis.
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11
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El-Gowily AH, Abosheasha MA. Differential mechanisms of autophagy in cancer stem cells: Emphasizing gastrointestinal cancers. Cell Biochem Funct 2020; 39:162-173. [PMID: 32468609 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal (GI) cancers are one of the most common forms of malignancies and still are the most important cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Autophagy is a conserved catabolic pathway involving lysosomal degradation and recycling of whole cellular components, which is essential for cellular homeostasis. For instance, it acts as a pivotal intracellular quality control and repair mechanism but also implicated in cell reformation during cell differentiation and development. Indeed, GI cancer stem cells (CSCs) are thought to be responsible for tumour initiation, traditional therapies resistance, metastasis and tumour recurrence. Molecular mechanisms of autophagy in normal vs CSCs gain great interest worldwide. Here, we shed light on the role of autophagy in normal stem cells differentiation for embryonic progression and its role in maintaining the activity and self-renewal capacity of CSCs which offer novel viewpoints on promising cancer therapeutic strategies based on the differential roles of autophagy in CSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afnan H El-Gowily
- Biochemistry Division, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt.,Organ and Cell physiology Department, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mohammed A Abosheasha
- Cellular Genetics Laboratory, Graduate School of Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan
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Shao Y, Liu X, Meng J, Zhang X, Ma Z, Yang G. MicroRNA-1251-5p Promotes Carcinogenesis and Autophagy via Targeting the Tumor Suppressor TBCC in Ovarian Cancer Cells. Mol Ther 2019; 27:1653-1664. [PMID: 31278033 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2019.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Accounting for more than 70% of ovarian cancer cases, epithelial ovarian malignancy has a low 5-year survival rate. MicroRNAs may be targeted in the clinical treatment of the disease. In this study, we first found that miR-1251-5p was significantly upregulated in human ovarian cancer cell lines and tissues with the cancer progression and stages. Overexpression or inhibition of miR-1251-5p promoted or impeded cell proliferation and cell cycle progression. Subsequently, TBCC, one of the tubulin-binding cofactors (TBCs), was identified as a target of miR-1251-5p to be negatively associated with cell cycle and autophagy. Exogenous overexpression of TBCC inhibited the expressions of CDK4 and LC3BII, but it promoted the expressions of α/β-tubulin and p62 to suppress cell growth and autophagy, particularly under the starving condition; whereas the introduction of miR-1251-5p in TBCC-overexpressing cells rescued the suppressive effects of TBCC on cell cycle and autophagy through the inverse regulation of the above proteins. Finally, miR-1251-5p was proven to enhance xenograft tumor growth through the downregulation of TBCC but upregulation of Ki67 and LC3B in xenograft tumor tissues. Collectively, these results suggest that miR-1251-5p functions as an oncogene to suppress TBCC and α/β-tubulin expression. Thus, the miR-1251-5p/TBCC/α/β-tubulin axis may be targeted for ovarian cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Shao
- Cancer Institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiaomin Liu
- Lab for Noncoding RNA & Cancer, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Jiao Meng
- Cancer Institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiaofei Zhang
- Cancer Institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhongliang Ma
- Lab for Noncoding RNA & Cancer, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.
| | - Gong Yang
- Cancer Institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Central Laboratory, The Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai Fudan University, Shanghai 200240, China.
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