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Wei Y, Cheng S, Tsukada T, Horiguchi K, Fujiwara Y, Fujiwara K. Expression of Retinaldehyde Dehydrogenases in the Pituitary Glands of Fetus and Adult Mice. Acta Histochem Cytochem 2024; 57:109-118. [PMID: 38988691 PMCID: PMC11231566 DOI: 10.1267/ahc.24-00018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Retinoic acid (RA) plays a critical role in cell growth and tissue development. RA is synthesized from retinoids through oxidation processes by the retinaldehyde dehydrogenase (Raldh) family. However, the expression of Raldhs during pituitary development and the identification of Raldh-expressing cells in the adult pituitary have not been fully elucidated. Here, we performed in situ hybridization to localize the three Raldh isoforms (Raldh1-3) in fetal and adult mouse pituitary glands. The results showed that Raldh2 expression was observed in Rathke's pouch from embryonic day 13.5 (E13.5), and this expression was sustained in the anterior lobe of the pituitary primordium from E15.5 to E17.5. In contrast, Raldh1 and Raldh3 were rarely detectable. Real-time PCR analysis revealed that Raldh2 was the predominant isoform expressed in the adult pituitary, although Raldh1 was also expressed to a lesser extent. In the adult pituitary, Raldh1-expressing cells were primarily observed in the posterior lobe. Raldh2-expressing cells were found in the marginal cell layer and parenchyma of the anterior lobe and were immunopositive for aldolase C (folliculostellate cells), but not for anterior pituitary hormones. These results suggest that RA is an important regulatory factor in the functions of the pituitary throughout its development in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Wei
- Graduate School of Science, Kanagawa University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Si Cheng
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Kanagawa University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Takehiro Tsukada
- Department of Bimolecular Science, Faculty of Science, Toho University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kotaro Horiguchi
- Laboratory of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Department of Health Sciences, Kyorin University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoko Fujiwara
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Kanagawa University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Ken Fujiwara
- Graduate School of Science, Kanagawa University, Kanagawa, Japan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Kanagawa University, Kanagawa, Japan
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Horiguchi K, Tsutsui Y, Fujiwara K, Tsukada T, Nakakura T, Yoshida S, Hasegawa R, Takigami S. Fluctuation of CD9/SOX2-positive cell populations during the turnover of GH- and TSH-producing cells in the adult anterior pituitary gland. J Reprod Dev 2023; 69:308-316. [PMID: 37778977 PMCID: PMC10721853 DOI: 10.1262/jrd.2023-023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The adenohypophysis is comprised of the anterior and intermediate lobes (AL and IL, respectively). Cluster of differentiation 9 (CD9)- and sex-determining region Y-box 2 (SOX2)-positive cells are stem/progenitor hormone-producing cells in the AL. They are located in the marginal cell layer (MCL) facing Rathke's cleft between the AL and IL (primary niche) and the parenchyma of the AL (secondary niche). We previously showed that, in rats, CD9/SOX2-positive cells in the IL side of the MCL (IL-side MCL) migrate to the AL side (AL-side MCL) and differentiate into prolactin-producing cells (PRL cells) in the AL parenchyma during pregnancy, lactation, and diethylstilbestrol treatment, all of which increase PRL cell turnover. This study examined the changes in CD9/SOX2-positive stem/progenitor cell niches and their proportions by manipulating the turnover of growth hormone (GH)- and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)-producing cells (GH and TSH cells, respectively), which are Pit1 lineage cells, as well as PRL cells. After induction, the isolated CD9/SOX2-positive cells from the IL-side MCL formed spheres and differentiated into GH and TSH cells. We also observed an increased GH cell proportion upon treatment with GH-releasing hormone and recovery from continuous stress and an increased TSH cell proportion upon propylthiouracil treatment, concomitant with alterations in the proportion of CD9/SOX2-positive cells in the primary and secondary niches. These findings suggest that CD9/SOX2-positive cells have the potential to supply GH and TSH when an increase in GH and TSH cell populations is required in the adult pituitary gland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kotaro Horiguchi
- Laboratory of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Department of Health Sciences, Kyorin University, Tokyo 181-8612, Japan
| | - Yuto Tsutsui
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, St. Marianna University Yokohama Seibu Hospital, Kanagawa 241-0811, Japan
| | - Ken Fujiwara
- Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, Kanagawa University, Kanagawa 259-1293, Japan
| | - Takehiro Tsukada
- Department of Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Science, Toho University, Chiba 274-8510, Japan
| | - Takashi Nakakura
- Department of Anatomy, Graduate School of Medicine, Teikyo University, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan
| | - Saishu Yoshida
- Department of Biochemistry, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan
| | - Rumi Hasegawa
- Laboratory of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Department of Health Sciences, Kyorin University, Tokyo 181-8612, Japan
| | - Shu Takigami
- Laboratory of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Department of Health Sciences, Kyorin University, Tokyo 181-8612, Japan
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Horiguchi K, Fujiwara K, Tsukada T, Nakakura T, Yoshida S, Hasegawa R, Takigami S. Differentiation of stem progenitor CD9/SOX2-positive cells is promoted with increased prolactin-producing and endothelial cells in the pituitary. J Reprod Dev 2022; 68:278-286. [PMID: 35691820 PMCID: PMC9334323 DOI: 10.1262/jrd.2022-047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Sex-determining region Y-box 2 (SOX2)-positive cells are stem/progenitor cells in the adenohypophysis, comprising the anterior and intermediate lobes (AL and IL, respectively). The cells
are located in the marginal cell layer (MCL) facing Rathke’s cleft (primary niche) and the parenchyma of the AL (secondary niche). We previously demonstrated in vitro that
the tetraspanin superfamily CD9 and SOX2 double-positive (CD9/SOX2-positive) cells in the IL-side MCL migrate to the AL side and differentiate into hormone-producing and endothelial cells in
the AL parenchyma. Here, we performed in vivo studies to evaluate the role of IL-side CD9/SOX2-positive cells in pregnancy, lactation, and treatment with diethylstilbestrol
(DES; an estrogen analog) when an increased population of prolactin (PRL) cells was observed in the AL of the rat pituitary. The proportions of CD9/SOX2-, CD9/Ki67-, and PRL/TUNEL-positive
cells decreased in the primary and secondary niches during pregnancy and DES treatment. In contrast, the number of CD9/PRL-positive cells increased in the AL-side MCL and AL parenchyma
during pregnancy and during DES treatment. The proportion of PRL/Ki67-positive cells increased in the AL-side MCL and AL parenchyma in response to DES treatment. Next, we isolated
CD9-positive cells from the IL-side MCL using an anti-CD9 antibody. During cell culture, the cells formed free-floating three-dimensional clusters (pituispheres). Furthermore, CD9-positive
cells in the pituisphere differentiated into PRL cells, and their differentiation potential was promoted by DES. These findings suggest that CD9/SOX2-positive cells in the IL-side MCL may
act as adult stem cells in the AL parenchyma that supply PRL cells under the influence of estrogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kotaro Horiguchi
- Laboratory of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Department of Health Sciences, Kyorin University, Tokyo 181-8612, Japan
| | - Ken Fujiwara
- Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, Kanagawa University, Kanagawa 259-1293, Japan
| | - Takehiro Tsukada
- Department of Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Science, Toho University, Chiba 274-8510, Japan
| | - Takashi Nakakura
- Department of Anatomy, Graduate School of Medicine, Teikyo University, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan
| | - Saishu Yoshida
- Department of Biochemistry, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan
| | - Rumi Hasegawa
- Laboratory of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Department of Health Sciences, Kyorin University, Tokyo 181-8612, Japan
| | - Shu Takigami
- Laboratory of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Department of Health Sciences, Kyorin University, Tokyo 181-8612, Japan
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The multiciliated cells in Rathke's cleft express CYP26A1 and respond to retinoic acid in the pituitary. Cell Tissue Res 2022; 388:583-594. [PMID: 35316373 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-022-03614-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The adenohypophysis consists of the anterior and intermediate lobes (AL and IL). The marginal cell layer (MCL), including the ventral region of the IL and the dorsal region of the AL lining the Rathke's cleft, acts as the primary stem/progenitor cell niches in adult adenohypophysis. The cells of the MCL on the IL side consisted of cluster of differentiation 9 (CD9)-positive stem/progenitor cells with or without motile cilia. However, any additional cellular properties of multiciliated CD9-positive cells are not known. The present study aimed to identify the character of the multiciliated cells in stem cell niche of the pituitary gland. We observed the fine structure of the multiciliated cells in the MCL of male Wistar rats at an early stage after birth and in adulthood (P60) using scanning electron microscopy. Since the previous study showed that the MCL cells of adult rats synthesize retinoic acid (RA), the present study determined whether the multiciliated cells are involved in RA regulation by the expression of retinal aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 (RALDH1) and CYP26A1, an enzyme synthesizing and degrading RA, respectively. Results showed that 96% of multiciliated cells in adult male rats expressed CYP26A1, while 60% expressed RALDH1. Furthermore, the isolated CD9-positive cells from the IL side MCL responded to RA and activated the degradation system of RA by increasing Cyp26a1 expression. These findings indicated that multiciliated cells are involved in RA metabolism in the MCL. Our observations provide novel insights regarding the stem cell niche of the adult pituitary.
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Taatjes DJ, Roth J. In focus in HCB. Histochem Cell Biol 2021; 156:297-299. [PMID: 34626215 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-021-02035-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Douglas J Taatjes
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA.
| | - Jürgen Roth
- University of Zurich, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland
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