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Wartalski K, Wiater J, Maciak P, Pastuła A, Lis GJ, Samiec M, Trzcińska M, Duda M. Anabolic Steroids Activate the NF-κB Pathway in Porcine Ovarian Putative Stem Cells Independently of the ZIP-9 Receptor. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2833. [PMID: 38474077 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Boldenone (Bdn) and nandrolone (Ndn) are anabolic androgenic steroids (AASs) that, as our previous studies have shown, may increase the risk of neoplastic transformation of porcine ovarian putative stem cells (poPSCs). The NF-κB pathway may be important in the processes of carcinogenesis and tumour progression. Therefore, in this work, we decided to test the hypothesis of whether Bdn and Ndn can activate the NF-κB pathway by acting through the membrane androgen receptor ZIP-9. For this purpose, the expression profiles of both genes involved in the NF-κB pathway and the gene coding for the ZIP-9 receptor were checked. The expression and localization of proteins of this pathway in poPSCs were also examined. Additionally, the expression of the ZIP-9 receptor and the concentration of the NF-κB1 and 2 protein complex were determined. Activation of the NF-κB pathway was primarily confirmed by an increase in the relative abundances of phosphorylated forms of RelA protein and IκBα inhibitor. Reduced quantitative profiles pinpointed not only for genes representing this pathway but also for unphosphorylated proteins, and, simultaneously, decreased concentration of the NF-κB1 and 2 complex may indicate post-activation silencing by negative feedback. However, the remarkably and sustainably diminished expression levels noticed for the SLC39A9 gene and ZIP-9 protein suggest that this receptor does not play an important role in the regulation of the NF-κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamil Wartalski
- Department of Histology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kopernika 7 Street, 31-034 Krakow, Poland
| | - Jerzy Wiater
- Department of Histology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kopernika 7 Street, 31-034 Krakow, Poland
| | - Patrycja Maciak
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Gronostajowa 9 Street, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Pastuła
- Department of Genetics and Evolutionism, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Gronostajowa 9 Street, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Grzegorz J Lis
- Department of Histology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kopernika 7 Street, 31-034 Krakow, Poland
| | - Marcin Samiec
- Department of Reproductive Biotechnology and Cryoconservation, National Research Institute of Animal Production, Krakowska 1 Street, 32-083 Balice, Poland
| | - Monika Trzcińska
- Department of Reproductive Biotechnology and Cryoconservation, National Research Institute of Animal Production, Krakowska 1 Street, 32-083 Balice, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Duda
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Gronostajowa 9 Street, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
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Jiang G, Zhang L, Zhao J, Li L, Huang Z, Wang Z. Dynamic Autophagy Map in Mouse Female Germ Cells Throughout the Fetal to Postnatal Life. Reprod Sci 2023; 30:169-180. [PMID: 35501593 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-022-00940-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy plays vital roles in mouse female germ cells, but the potential mechanism is largely unknown. In this study, by interrogating single-cell RNA-seq dataset, we investigated the dynamic expression of autophagy-related genes in seven types of germ cells (mitosis, pre-leptotene, leptotene, zygotene, pachytene, diplotene, and dictyate) and discovered stage-specific autophagy-related genes. Using immunofluorescence (IF) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), autophagy activity and autophagosome numbers were revealed from mitosis to follicular assembly (E12.5 (embryonic day 12.5) to P5 (postnatal day 5)). Furthermore, single-sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) was performed to validate the autophagy kinetics from E12.5 to P5. Our study proved that the mitosis, diplotene, and dictyate female germ cells had relatively higher autophagy activity among the seven subtypes. In summary, our work provided an autophagy map, suggesting that autophagy was complicated in mouse female germ cell development from the fetal to postnatal life, which paved a new insight for deciphering the autophagy regulatory networks for cell-fate transition and female infertility issues like primary ovarian insufficiency (POI).
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Affiliation(s)
- Gurong Jiang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Jiexiang Zhao
- Dongguan People's Hospital, Southern Medical University, Dongguan, 523059, China.,Department of Developmental Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Zhenqin Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Zhijian Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
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Gorczyca G, Wartalski K, Wiater J, Samiec M, Tabarowski Z, Duda M. Anabolic Steroids-Driven Regulation of Porcine Ovarian Putative Stem Cells Favors the Onset of Their Neoplastic Transformation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111800. [PMID: 34769230 PMCID: PMC8583785 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Nandrolone (Ndn) and boldenone (Bdn), the synthetic testosterone analogues with strong anabolic effects, despite being recognized as potentially carcinogenic compounds, are commonly abused by athletes and bodybuilders, which includes women, worldwide. This study tested the hypothesis that different doses of Ndn and Bdn can initiate neoplastic transformation of porcine ovarian putative stem cells (poPSCs). Immunomagnetically isolated poPSCs were expanded ex vivo in the presence of Ndn or Bdn, for 7 and 14 days. Results show that pharmacological doses of both Ndn and Bdn, already after 7 days of poPSCs culture, caused a significant increase of selected, stemness-related markers of cancer cells: CD44 and CD133. Notably, Ndn also negatively affected poPSCs growth not only by suppressing their proliferation and mitochondrial respiration but also by inducing apoptosis. This observation shows, for the first time, that chronic exposure to Ndn or Bdn represents a precondition that might enhance risk of poPSCs neoplastic transformation. These studies carried out to accomplish detailed molecular characterization of the ex vivo expanded poPSCs and their potentially cancerous derivatives (PCDs) might be helpful to determine their suitability as nuclear donor cells (NDCs) for further investigations focused on cloning by somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT). Such investigations might also be indispensable to estimate the capabilities of nuclear genomes inherited from poPSCs and their PCDs to be epigenetically reprogrammed (dedifferentiated) in cloned pig embryos generated by SCNT. This might open up new possibilities for biomedical research aimed at more comprehensively recognizing genetic and epigenetic mechanisms underlying not only tumorigenesis but also reversal/retardation of pro-tumorigenic intracellular events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Gorczyca
- Department of Endocrinology, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Gronostajowa 9 Street, 30-387 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Kamil Wartalski
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kopernika 7 Street, 31-034 Krakow, Poland; (K.W.); (J.W.)
| | - Jerzy Wiater
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kopernika 7 Street, 31-034 Krakow, Poland; (K.W.); (J.W.)
| | - Marcin Samiec
- Department of Reproductive Biotechnology and Cryoconservation, National Research Institute of Animal Production, Krakowska 1 Street, 32-083 Balice near Kraków, Poland
- Correspondence: (M.S.); (M.D.)
| | - Zbigniew Tabarowski
- Department of Experimental Hematology, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Gronostajowa 9 Street, 30-387 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Małgorzata Duda
- Department of Endocrinology, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Gronostajowa 9 Street, 30-387 Krakow, Poland;
- Correspondence: (M.S.); (M.D.)
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Taatjes DJ, Roth J. In focus in HCB. Histochem Cell Biol 2021; 156:297-299. [PMID: 34626215 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-021-02035-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Douglas J Taatjes
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA.
| | - Jürgen Roth
- University of Zurich, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland
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