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Oostenbach LH, Lamb KE, Crawford D, Timperio A, Thornton LE. Do 20-minute neighbourhoods moderate associations between work and commute hours with food consumption? Public Health Nutr 2023; 26:2026-2035. [PMID: 36987863 PMCID: PMC10564605 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980023000587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine associations between work and commute hours with food consumption and test whether neighbourhood type (20-minute neighbourhood (20MN)/non-20MN) moderate associations. DESIGN Cross-sectional analysis of the Places and Locations for Activity and Nutrition study (ProjectPLAN). Exposures were work hours (not working (0 h), working up to full-time (1-38 h/week), working overtime (> 38 h/week)), and among those employed, combined weekly work and commute hours (continuous). Outcomes were usual consumption of fruit, vegetables, takeaway food, snacks and soft drinks, and number of discretionary food types (takeaway, snacks and soft drinks) consumed weekly. Generalised linear models were fitted to examine associations between each exposure and outcome. The moderating role of neighbourhood type was examined through interaction terms between each exposure and neighbourhood type (20MN/non-20MN). SETTING Melbourne and Adelaide, Australia, 2018-2019. PARTICIPANTS Adults ≥ 18 years old (n 769). RESULTS Although all confidence intervals contained the null, overall, patterns suggested non-workers and overtime workers have less healthy food behaviours than up-to-full-time workers. Among those employed, analysis of continuous work and commute hours data suggested longer work and commute hours were positively associated with takeaway consumption (OR = 1·014, 95 % CI 0·999, 1·030, P-value = 0·066). Patterns of better behaviours were observed across most outcomes for those in 20MN than non-20MN. However, differences in associations between work and commute hours with food consumption across neighbourhood type were negligible. CONCLUSIONS Longer work and commute hours may induce poorer food behaviours. There was weak evidence to suggest 20MN moderate associations between work and commute hours with food consumption, although behaviours appeared healthier for those in 20MN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Helena Oostenbach
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, 1 Gheringhap Street, Geelong3220, Australia
| | - Karen Elaine Lamb
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Carlton, Melbourne, Australia
| | - David Crawford
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, 1 Gheringhap Street, Geelong3220, Australia
| | - Anna Timperio
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, 1 Gheringhap Street, Geelong3220, Australia
| | - Lukar Ezra Thornton
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, 1 Gheringhap Street, Geelong3220, Australia
- Department of Marketing, Faculty of Business and Economics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
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Kovac K, Vincent GE, Paterson JL, Reynolds A, Aisbett B, Hilditch CJ, Ferguson SA. The impact of a short burst of exercise on sleep inertia. Physiol Behav 2021; 242:113617. [PMID: 34606883 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2021.113617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES Determine whether 30 s (s) of exercise performed upon waking can reduce sleep inertia and accelerate an increase in the cortisol awakening response (CAR) and core body temperature (CBT), compared to when sedentary. METHODS Fifteen participants (mean age ± SD, 25.9 ± 5.9 years; six females) completed a counterbalanced, repeated measures, in-laboratory study involving three single experimental nights, each separated by a four-night recovery period. Participants were woken following a 2-h nap (2400-0200) and completed a cycling bout of high-intensity (30-s sprint), low-intensity (30 s at 60% maximum heart rate), or no exercise (sedentary). Sleep inertia testing (eight batteries, 15-min intervals) began immediately following and included measures of subjective sleepiness (Karolinska Sleepiness Scale) and cognitive performance tasks (psychomotor vigilance, serial addition and subtraction, and spatial configuration). CBT was measured continuously via an ingestible telemetric capsule. The CAR was determined using salivary cortisol samples collected at 0, 30 and 45 min post-waking. Data were analysed using mixed effects analysis of variance. RESULTS There was no difference in cognitive performance or CBT between conditions. Participants felt less sleepy in the high-intensity condition, followed by the low-intensity and sedentary conditions (p = .003). The CAR was greatest in the high-intensity condition, followed by the sedentary condition, and low-intensity condition (p < 0.001), with no differences between the low-intensity and sedentary conditions. CONCLUSIONS Those who exercise upon waking should be aware that while they may feel more alert, they may not be performing better than if they had not exercised. Future research should investigate whether exercise of different duration or timing may impact sleep inertia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katya Kovac
- Central Queensland University, Appleton Institute, School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Wayville, Adelaide, Australia.
| | - Grace E Vincent
- Central Queensland University, Appleton Institute, School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Wayville, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Jessica L Paterson
- Central Queensland University, Appleton Institute, School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Wayville, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Amy Reynolds
- Central Queensland University, Appleton Institute, School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Wayville, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Brad Aisbett
- Deakin University, Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Cassie J Hilditch
- Fatigue Countermeasures Laboratory, San José State University, San José, CA, USA
| | - Sally A Ferguson
- Central Queensland University, Appleton Institute, School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Wayville, Adelaide, Australia
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Pienaar PR, Roden LC, Boot CRL, van Mechelen W, Twisk JWR, Lambert EV, Rae DE. Association between self-reported sleep duration and cardiometabolic risk in corporate executives. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2021; 94:1809-1821. [PMID: 34189625 DOI: 10.1007/s00420-021-01739-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This cross-sectional study aimed to compare the association between self-reported sleep duration and cardiometabolic risk among men and women corporate executives and investigate potential lifestyle, work- and stress-related mediators thereof. METHODS Self-reported sleep duration and lifestyle, occupational, psychological and measured anthropometrical, blood pressure (BP) and blood marker variables were obtained from health risk assessment data of 3583 corporate executives. Sex-stratified regression analyses investigated the relationships between occupational and psychological variables with self-reported sleep duration, and sleep duration with individual cardiometabolic risk factors. Mediation analyses investigated the effects of work, psychological and lifestyle factors on the relationships between self-reported sleep duration and cardiometabolic risk factors, as well as a continuous cardiometabolic risk score calculated from the sum of sex-stratified z-standardized scores of negative fasting serum HDL, and positive plasma Glu, serum TG, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, systolic and diastolic BP. RESULTS Longer work hours and work commute time, depression, anxiety and stress were associated with shorter sleep duration in both men and women (all p < 0.05). Shorter sleep duration was associated with higher BMI, larger waist circumference and greater cardiometabolic risk scores in both men and women (all p < 0.05), higher diastolic BP in men (p < 0.05) and lower HDL cholesterol in women (p < 0.05). Physical activity, working hours and stress significantly mediated the relationships between self-reported sleep duration and BMI, waist circumference, diastolic BP and cardiometabolic risk score in men only. CONCLUSION In these corporate executives, shorter self-reported sleep duration is associated with poorer psychological, occupational and cardiometabolic risk outcomes in both men and women. Given that physical activity, working hours and stress mediate this association among the men, the case for sleep health interventions in workplace health programmes is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula R Pienaar
- Health Through Physical Activity Lifestyle and Sport Research Centre and Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
- Amsterdam UMC, Department of Public and Occupational Health and Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Laura C Roden
- Health Through Physical Activity Lifestyle and Sport Research Centre and Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry, CV1 2DS, UK
| | - Cécile R L Boot
- Amsterdam UMC, Department of Public and Occupational Health and Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Behavioural Science Institute (BSI), Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Willem van Mechelen
- Health Through Physical Activity Lifestyle and Sport Research Centre and Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Amsterdam UMC, Department of Public and Occupational Health and Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Population Sciences, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Center of Human Movement Sciences, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jos W R Twisk
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Estelle V Lambert
- Health Through Physical Activity Lifestyle and Sport Research Centre and Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Dale E Rae
- Health Through Physical Activity Lifestyle and Sport Research Centre and Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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Shiri R, Hakola T, Härmä M, Ropponen A. The associations of working hour characteristics with short sickness absence among part- and full-time retail workers. Scand J Work Environ Health 2021; 47:268-276. [PMID: 33755187 PMCID: PMC8091071 DOI: 10.5271/sjweh.3952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to determine the associations of working hour characteristics with short (1–3 days) sickness absence (SA) among retail workers. Methods: As part of “RetailHours-project”, 4046 employees of 338 Finnish retail stores were included. Registry-based data on working hour characteristics and short SA were utilized. A case-crossover design was used and the odds ratios (OR) were controlled for the clustering effect and working hour characteristics. Results: There were strong dose–response relationships between percent of short (<11 hours) shift intervals and short SA among part- and full-time workers, men and women, and younger and older workers. Compared to workers without short shift intervals, the risk of SA was 1.47 times [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.29–1.68] higher among workers who had short shift intervals <10% of work times, 2.39 times (95% CI 2.03–2.82) higher among workers who had 10–25% of work times, and 4.03 times (CI 2.34–6.93) higher among workers who had short shift intervals >25% of work times. Weekly working hours >40 hours were associated with SA among part-time workers [odds ratio (OR) 2.22, CI 1.65–2.98], women (OR 1.62, CI 1.27–2.07) and among workers <30 years of age (OR 1.68, CI 1.20–2.35) as well as among workers aged ≥30 years (OR 1.43, CI 1.07–1.92). Furthermore, working mainly night shifts was associated with SA among full-time workers (OR 2.41, 95% CI 0.99–5.86) and women (OR 1.72, CI 1.02–2.89). Conclusions: A short shift interval is an important risk factor for short SA. Improving intervals between shifts and shortening long weekly working hours could reduce the risk of short SA among retail workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahman Shiri
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, PO Box 18, FI-00032 Työterveyslaitos, Helsinki.
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Crowther ME, Reynolds AC, Ferguson SA, Adams R. Perceptions of the impact of non-standard work schedules on health in Australian graduates: an exploratory study. INDUSTRIAL HEALTH 2020; 58:54-62. [PMID: 31178540 PMCID: PMC6997719 DOI: 10.2486/indhealth.2019-0036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Non-standard working hours are associated with negative health outcomes. However, little is known about the early years of exposure to non-standard work hours, or whether workers new to these work schedules perceive their work as impacting their health. This limits our ability to develop meaningful intervention strategies for transitioning into non-standard work hour schedules. This exploratory study investigated whether recent Australian graduates in various non-standard workhour schedules perceive that their work schedule negatively impacts their health. The responses of 120 graduates within four years of completing their tertiary qualification collected from an online survey were analysed. Graduates were asked whether they perceived their work arrangements as impacting their health. Significantly more of those who were engaged in non-standard work schedules or worked beyond contracted hours perceived their working arrangements as having an impact on their health. This study highlights the importance of studying workers' perceptions of the impact of work hours on health, particularly when workers may be experiencing good global health but be at risk for negative health outcomes in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meagan E Crowther
- School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, CQUniversity, Australia
- Appleton Institute, CQUniversity, Australia
| | - Amy C Reynolds
- School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, CQUniversity, Australia
- Appleton Institute, CQUniversity, Australia
| | - Sally A Ferguson
- School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, CQUniversity, Australia
- Appleton Institute, CQUniversity, Australia
| | - Robert Adams
- Adelaide Institute for Sleep Health: A Flinders Centre of Research Excellence, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Australia
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