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Drake C, Wehr MM, Zobl W, Koschmann J, De Lucca D, Kühne BA, Hansen T, Knebel J, Ritter D, Boei J, Vrieling H, Bitsch A, Escher SE. Substantiate a read-across hypothesis by using transcriptome data-A case study on volatile diketones. FRONTIERS IN TOXICOLOGY 2023; 5:1155645. [PMID: 37206915 PMCID: PMC10188990 DOI: 10.3389/ftox.2023.1155645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
This case study explores the applicability of transcriptome data to characterize a common mechanism of action within groups of short-chain aliphatic α-, β-, and γ-diketones. Human reference in vivo data indicate that the α-diketone diacetyl induces bronchiolitis obliterans in workers involved in the preparation of microwave popcorn. The other three α-diketones induced inflammatory responses in preclinical in vivo animal studies, whereas beta and gamma diketones in addition caused neuronal effects. We investigated early transcriptional responses in primary human bronchiolar (PBEC) cell cultures after 24 h and 72 h of air-liquid exposure. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were assessed based on transcriptome data generated with the EUToxRisk gene panel of Temp-O-Seq®. For each individual substance, genes were identified displaying a consistent differential expression across dose and exposure duration. The log fold change values of the DEG profiles indicate that α- and β-diketones are more active compared to γ-diketones. α-diketones in particular showed a highly concordant expression pattern, which may serve as a first indication of the shared mode of action. In order to gain a better mechanistic understanding, the resultant DEGs were submitted to a pathway analysis using ConsensusPathDB. The four α-diketones showed very similar results with regard to the number of activated and shared pathways. Overall, the number of signaling pathways decreased from α-to β-to γ-diketones. Additionally, we reconstructed networks of genes that interact with one another and are associated with different adverse outcomes such as fibrosis, inflammation or apoptosis using the TRANSPATH-database. Transcription factor enrichment and upstream analyses with the geneXplain platform revealed highly interacting gene products (called master regulators, MRs) per case study compound. The mapping of the resultant MRs on the reconstructed networks, visualized similar gene regulation with regard to fibrosis, inflammation and apoptosis. This analysis showed that transcriptome data can strengthen the similarity assessment of compounds, which is of particular importance, e.g., in read-across approaches. It is one important step towards grouping of compounds based on biological profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Drake
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, Chemical Safety and Toxicology, Hannover, Germany
- *Correspondence: Christina Drake,
| | - Matthias M. Wehr
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, Chemical Safety and Toxicology, Hannover, Germany
| | - Walter Zobl
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, Chemical Safety and Toxicology, Hannover, Germany
| | | | | | - Britta A. Kühne
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, Chemical Safety and Toxicology, Hannover, Germany
| | - Tanja Hansen
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, Chemical Safety and Toxicology, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jan Knebel
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, Chemical Safety and Toxicology, Hannover, Germany
| | - Detlef Ritter
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, Chemical Safety and Toxicology, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jan Boei
- Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | | | - Annette Bitsch
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, Chemical Safety and Toxicology, Hannover, Germany
| | - Sylvia E. Escher
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, Chemical Safety and Toxicology, Hannover, Germany
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Spencer PS, Chen X. The Role of Protein Adduction in Toxic Neuropathies of Exogenous and Endogenous Origin. TOXICS 2021; 9:toxics9050098. [PMID: 33946924 PMCID: PMC8146965 DOI: 10.3390/toxics9050098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The peripheral (axonal) neuropathy associated with repeated exposure to aliphatic and aromatic solvents that form protein-reactive γ-diketones shares some clinical and neuropathological features with certain metabolic neuropathies, including type-II diabetic neuropathy and uremic neuropathy, and with the largely sub-clinical nerve damage associated with old age. These conditions may be linked by metabolites that adduct and cross-link neuroproteins required for the maintenance of axonal transport and nerve fiber integrity in the peripheral and central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter S. Spencer
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, and Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Xiao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Shenzhen, Shenzhen Medical Key Subject of Health Toxicology (2020–2024), Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen 518055, China;
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Chen X, Liu W, Wang L, Lin D, Nie L, He K, Guo Z, Zhu F, Feng W, Liu W, Yuan J, Yang X, Spencer P, Liu J. Diabetes mellitus is associated with elevated urinary pyrrole markers of γ-diketones known to cause axonal neuropathy. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care 2020; 8:8/1/e001575. [PMID: 32912928 PMCID: PMC7484872 DOI: 10.1136/bmjdrc-2020-001575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Progressive distal symmetrical axonal neuropathy, a complication of diabetes mellitus (DM), has an unknown cause. Normal physiological metabolism and diabetic dysmetabolism are associated with the generation of γ-diketones. γ-Diketones form pyrroles with protein amines, notably with axonal proteins required for the maintenance of nerve fiber integrity, especially elongate, large-diameter peripheral nerve fibers innervating the extremities. We tested the hypothesis that neuropathy-associated γ-diketone pyrroles are elevated in DM. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We measured the urinary concentration of γ-diketone pyrroles in age-matched and gender-matched elderly (60-84 years) persons with (n=267) or without (n=267) indicators of DM based in a community population (9411 community older adults aged ≥60 years) in Shenzhen city, Guangdong, China. We used statistical methods, including a generalized linear model, multivariate logistic regression analysis and restricted cubic splines, to assess linear and nonlinear relationships between urinary γ-diketone pyrroles and indicators of DM. RESULTS Compared with healthy controls, those with DM had significantly higher levels of fasting blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin A1c, urinary ketone bodies and urinary γ-diketone pyrroles. The median concentration of urinary γ-diketone pyrrole adducts was significantly higher (p<0.0001) in individuals with DM (7.5 (5.4) μM) compared with healthy controls (5.9 (4.3) μM). Both linear and non-linear relations were found between urinary γ-diketone pyrroles and indicators of DM. CONCLUSIONS Diabetic dysmetabolism includes increased generation and excretion of neuropathy-associated γ-diketone pyrroles. These findings form the foundation for studies to test whether γ-diketone pyrrole concentration correlates with quantitative sensory (vibration and temperature) and electrodiagnostic testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Shenzhen, Shenzhen Medical Key Subject of Health Toxicology, (2020-2024), Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Shenzhen, Shenzhen Medical Key Subject of Health Toxicology, (2020-2024), Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Shenzhen, Shenzhen Medical Key Subject of Health Toxicology, (2020-2024), Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Dafeng Lin
- Poison Detection Center, Shenzhen Prevention and Treatment Center for Occupational Diseases, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Lulin Nie
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Shenzhen, Shenzhen Medical Key Subject of Health Toxicology, (2020-2024), Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Kaiwu He
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Shenzhen, Shenzhen Medical Key Subject of Health Toxicology, (2020-2024), Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhiwei Guo
- Shenzhen Luohu Hospital for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Feiqi Zhu
- Cognitive Impairment ward of Neurology, The 3rd Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenting Feng
- Poison Detection Center, Shenzhen Prevention and Treatment Center for Occupational Diseases, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Weimin Liu
- Shenzhen Luohu Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Jing Yuan
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xifei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Shenzhen, Shenzhen Medical Key Subject of Health Toxicology, (2020-2024), Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Peter Spencer
- Neurology, School of Medicine, and Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Jianjun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Shenzhen, Shenzhen Medical Key Subject of Health Toxicology, (2020-2024), Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
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Li X, Jiang L, Yu T, Li M, Wang Q, Liu Z, Xie K. No-observed-adverse-effect level of hair pyrrole adducts in chronic n-hexane intoxication in rats. Neurotoxicology 2020; 78:11-20. [PMID: 32045579 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2020.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 01/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
n-Hexane has been reported to induce serious peripheral neuropathy in workers. Pyrrole adducts are the unique reaction products of n-hexane in organisms and have been demonstrated to be critical to n-hexane neuropathy. Our previous studies have demonstrated that pyrrole adducts could accumulate in hair and showed high correlation with neuropathy at the end of experiments in rat models. In the present study, we examined the time course of hair pyrrole adducts and behavioral changes in rats exposed to different dosages of n-hexane in both treatment (24 weeks) and recovery phases. Our results showed: 1. After treatment, 1.0, 2.0, and 4.0 g/kg dosage groups all lost weight, but the 0.5 g/kg dosage group showed no impairment; after recovery, all impaired rats regained weight. 2. After treatment, 1.0, 2.0, and 4.0 g/kg dosage groups all showed a rise in gait scores, decreased rotarod latency, and decreased motor nerve conduction velocity, whereas the 0.5 g/kg dosage group showed no impairment; after recovery, all impaired rats were completely rehabilitated. 3. After treatment, levels of pyrrole adducts in serum, urine, and hair of experimental groups increased; after recovery, serum and urine pyrrole adducts showed no difference from the control (P > 0.05), whereas hair pyrrole adducts were significantly different from the control (P < 0.01). 4. The half-lives of serum and urine pyrrole adducts were 47.8-78.0 h and 42.7-52.9 h, while the half-life of hair pyrrole adducts was 14-24 weeks. 5. During treatment and recovery, levels of serum, urine, and hair pyrrole adducts showed high correlation with gait scores (P < 0.01), and hair pyrrole adducts had the largest partial correlation coefficient. In conclusion, hair pyrrole adducts could serve as a stable and reliable biomarker for the prevention of n-hexane intoxication. Furthermore, the no-observed-adverse-effect level of hair pyrrole adducts in rats is 275.2 ± 61.5 nmol/g protein. Further studies are required for the definition of the biological exposure limit in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianjie Li
- Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Lulu Jiang
- Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China; Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, United States
| | - Ting Yu
- Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Ming Li
- Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Qiong Wang
- Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Zhidan Liu
- Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Keqin Xie
- Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China.
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