1
|
Xu T, Rugulies R, Vahtera J, Stenholm S, Pentti J, Magnusson Hanson LL, Kecklund G, Mathisen J, Nordentoft M, Kivimäki M, Rod NH. Workplace Psychosocial Resources and Risk of Sleep Disturbances Among Employees. JAMA Netw Open 2023; 6:e2312514. [PMID: 37159197 PMCID: PMC10170336 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.12514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Importance Workplace psychosocial resources naturally tend to cluster in some work teams. To inform work-related sleep health promotion interventions, it is important to determine the associations between clustering of workplace resources and sleep disturbances when some resources are high while others are low and to mimic an actual intervention using observational data. Objective To examine whether clustering of and changes in workplace psychosocial resources are associated with sleep disturbances among workers. Design, Setting, and Participants This population-based cohort study used data from the Swedish Longitudinal Occupational Survey of Health (2012-2018), the Work Environment and Health in Denmark study (2012-2018), and the Finnish Public Sector Study (2008-2014), collected biennially. Statistical analysis was conducted from November 2020 to June 2022. Exposure Questionnaires were distributed measuring leadership quality and procedural justice (ie, vertical resources) as well as collaboration culture and coworker support (ie, horizontal resources). Resources were divided into clusters of general low, intermediate vertical and low horizontal, low vertical and high horizontal, intermediate vertical and high horizontal, and general high. Main Outcomes and Measures Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% CIs were reported from logistic regression models for the associations between the clustering of resources and concurrent and long-term sleep disturbances. Sleep disturbances were measured by self-administered questionnaires. Results The study identified 114 971 participants with 219 982 participant-observations (151 021 [69%] women; mean [SD] age, 48 [10] years). Compared with participants with general low resources, other groups showed a lower prevalence of sleep disturbances, with the lowest observed in the general high group concurrently (OR, 0.38; 95% CI, 0.37-0.40) and longitudinally after 6 years (OR, 0.52; 95% CI, 0.48-0.57). Approximately half of the participants (27 167 participants [53%]) experienced changes in resource clusters within 2 years. Improvements in vertical or horizontal dimensions were associated with reduced odds of persistent sleep disturbances, and the lowest odds of sleep disturbances was found in the group with improvements in both vertical and horizontal dimensions (OR, 0.53; 95% CI, 0.46-0.62). A corresponding dose-response association with sleep disturbances was observed for decline in resources (eg, decline in both dimensions: OR, 1.74; 95% CI, 1.54-1.97). Conclusions and Relevance In this cohort study of workplace psychosocial resources and sleep disturbances, clustering of favorable resources was associated with a lower risk of sleep disturbances.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tianwei Xu
- Stress Research Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- National Research Centre of the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Reiner Rugulies
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- National Research Centre of the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jussi Vahtera
- Department of Public Health, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- The Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Sari Stenholm
- Department of Public Health, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- The Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Jaana Pentti
- Department of Public Health, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Clinicum, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Göran Kecklund
- Stress Research Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jimmi Mathisen
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mads Nordentoft
- Formerly with National Research Centre of the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Novo Nordisk, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mika Kivimäki
- Clinicum, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
- UCL Brain Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Naja Hulvej Rod
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Sohail MM, Baghdady A, Choi J, Huynh HV, Whetten K, Proeschold-Bell RJ. Factors influencing teacher wellbeing and burnout in schools: A scoping review. Work 2023; 76:1317-1331. [PMID: 37393465 DOI: 10.3233/wor-220234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Teacher's wellbeing and mental health play a pivotal role in learning experiences and educational environment. For a better future, we need thriving teachers with strong wellbeing. OBJECTIVE The current scoping literature review aimed to explore the factors fostering wellbeing and causing burnout among school teachers. METHODS Applying appropriate search terms to relevant databases for the years 2016-2020 yielded 934 potentially relevant research articles which were further filtered to 102 articles. RESULTS The findings of this review suggested that emotion regulation, positive workplace milieu and teacher self-efficacy (feeling successful as a teacher) are important factors fostering teachers' wellbeing whilst negative workplace environment and negative emotions along with feeling marginalized or bullied by coworkers are factors behind teacher burnout. The strengths of this study include a rigorous research design and relational analysis approach. CONCLUSION Teacher wellbeing needs a workplace environment with minimum bullying and marginalization. An atmosphere of respect, inclusion, and mutual teacher support is needed to promote wellbeing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Malik Muhammad Sohail
- Department of Sociology, The Center for Religion, Science and Social Wellbeing, University of Chakwal, Chakwal, Pakistan
| | - Ahmed Baghdady
- World Innovation Summit for Education (WISE), Qatar Foundation, Ar Rayyan, Qatar
| | - Jessica Choi
- Center for Health Policy and Inequalities Research, Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Hy V Huynh
- Center for Health Policy and Inequalities Research, Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Kathryn Whetten
- Center for Health Policy and Inequalities Research, Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Rae Jean Proeschold-Bell
- Center for Health Policy and Inequalities Research, Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Work-Related Factors Affecting the Occurrence of Presenteeism - Recent Research Trends and Future Directions. J UOEH 2021; 43:61-73. [PMID: 33678787 DOI: 10.7888/juoeh.43.61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Productivity loss due to presenteeism accounts for a large proportion of economic losses caused by workers' health problems. To reduce presenteeism, it is necessary to identify its causes, but, in contrast to the large amount of research on the effects of diseases and lifestyles, there is not enough research on the effects of work-related factors on presenteeism. In this study, those factors include the work environment and the work-related psychological status of workers. The purpose of this review was to identify research trends in presenteeism, defined as work-related productivity loss, and to examine future directions for presenteeism research. We conducted a search with only the keyword "presenteeism" using MEDLINE/PubMed for the last 5 years and extracted 30 relevant articles, most of which were cross-sectional studies. The articles were categorized into the following themes: 1) studies on the associations of various stress models and factors with presenteeism; 2) studies on the mediators and the pathways of association between stress factors and presenteeism; 3) studies on the relationships between organizational factors and presenteeism; and 4) studies on the link between workers' positive and negative psychological status and presenteeism. Our findings showed that, over the last 5 years, the relationship between psychological stress and presenteeism has been extended to include a variety of stress models and stressors. In addition, by putting many models and factors into a single statistical model and adjusting for their interrelationships, important factors have been examined by ensuring that a significant relationship with presenteeism remains. As there is still a lack of longitudinal studies necessary to discuss causality, more research of higher quality is needed.
Collapse
|
4
|
Berthelsen H, Owen M, Westerlund H. Does workplace social capital predict care quality through job satisfaction and stress at the clinic? A prospective study. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:1320. [PMID: 34225680 PMCID: PMC8259017 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-11320-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Welfare societies like Sweden face challenges in balancing the budget while meeting the demand for good quality healthcare. The aim of this study was to analyse whether care quality, operationalized as survival of dental fillings, is predicted by workplace social capital and if this effect is direct or indirect (through stress and/or job satisfaction among staff at the clinic), controlling for patient demographics. Methods The prospective design includes A) work environment data from surveys of 75 general public dental clinics (aggregated data based on 872 individual ratings), and B) register-based survival of 9381dental fillings performed during a 3-month period around the time of the survey, and C) patient demographics (age, gender, income level and birth place). Using a multi-level discrete-time proportional hazard model, we tested whether clinic-level social capital, stress, and job satisfaction could predict tooth-level filling failure, controlling for patient demographics. One direct and two indirect pathways, moderated by filling tooth, location, and filling type, were tested. Results High workplace social capital reduced the risk of early failure of fillings in molar teeth, mediated by group-perceived job satisfaction (indirect path: OR = 0.93, p < .05, direct path from job satisfaction: OR = 0.89, p < .05). Contrary to expectations, we found no support for a direct effect from social capital on care quality or for the indirect pathway via stress at the clinic level. Conclusions Workplace social capital boosted the quality of dental fillings through increased levels of job satisfaction. In addition, staff at clinics with higher social capital reported less stress and higher levels of job satisfaction. These results indicate that promotion of social capital may improve both occupational health and care quality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hanne Berthelsen
- Centre for Work Life and Evaluation Studies (CTA) & Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden.
| | - Mikaela Owen
- Centre for Workplace Excellence, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Hugo Westerlund
- Department of Psychology, The Stress Research Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Pihl-Thingvad J, Andersen LPS, Pihl-Thingvad S, Elklit A, Brandt LPA, Andersen LL. Can high workplace social capital buffer the negative effect of high workload on patient-initiated violence? Prospective cohort study. Int J Nurs Stud 2021; 120:103971. [PMID: 34107356 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2021.103971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High workload seems to increase the risk of patient-initiated workplace violence (patient-initiated violence). However, the temporal association between workload and violence remains uncertain. Understanding the interplay of factors in the psychosocial working environment and patient-initiated violence is important to future preventive initiatives. AIM To assess whether a high workload increases the risk of patient-initiated violence, and whether intraorganizational relationships based on trust, reciprocity, justice and collaboration, known as workplace social capital, moderate this risk. METHOD Baseline survey data on 1823 social educators was collected followed by 12 monthly surveys on patient-initiated violence exposure. Poisson regressions, in mixed models, were conducted to assess the risk of violence at four levels of workload. Further, moderation analyses were conducted to assess the moderating effects of three sub-types of workplace social capital. RESULTS High and very high workload increased the risk of patient-initiated violence: RR = 1.5 [1.4-1.6], p < .001 and RR = 1.4 [1.3-1.4], p < .001. All three levels of workplace social capital had a moderating effect on the workload-violence association: Workload*Workplace social capital(co-worker): F (3, 16,712) = 3.4, p = .017, Workload*Workplace social capital(local management): F (3, 16,748) = 11.9, p < .001, Workload*Workplace social capital(general management): F (3, 16,556) = 5.5, p < .001. Only high Workplace social capital (co-workers) reduced the risk of violence at all levels of workload. Workplace social capital (general management) reduced the risk of violence at high, medium and low workload, and Workplace social capital (local management) reduced the risk of violence at medium and low workload. CONCLUSION High workload clearly increases the risk of patient-initiated violence. A high workplace social capital appears to be a viable protective factor and should be investigated further in studies of patient-initiated violence prevention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jesper Pihl-Thingvad
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Odense University Hospital, OUH, Kløvervænget 3, Indgang 138 stuen, 5000 Odense C, Denmark; National Center of Psychotraumatology, Department of Psychology, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense M, Denmark; OPEN Odense Patient Explorative Network, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark. WP 9, J. B. Winsløws Vej 9a, 5000 Odense, Denmark.
| | - Lars Peter Soenderbo Andersen
- Danish Ramazzini Centre, Department of Occupational Medicine - University Research Clinic, Regional Hospital West Jutland, Gl. Landevej 53 M, (postadresse 61), 7400 Herning, Denmark.
| | - Signe Pihl-Thingvad
- Department of Political Science and Public Management, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense M, Denmark.
| | - Ask Elklit
- National Center of Psychotraumatology, Department of Psychology, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense M, Denmark.
| | - Lars Peter Andreas Brandt
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Odense University Hospital, OUH, Kløvervænget 3, Indgang 138 stuen, 5000 Odense C, Denmark; Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark. J.B. Winsløws Vej 19.3, 5000 Odense C, Denmark.
| | - Lars Louis Andersen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Parkallé 105, 2100 København Ø, Denmark; Sport Sciences, Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7D2, 9220 Aalborg Øst, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Jensen JH, Flachs EM, Török E, Rod NH, Madsen IEH, Rugulies R, Kawachi I. Work-unit social capital and incident purchase of psychotropic medications: A longitudinal cohort-study of healthcare workers. J Affect Disord 2020; 276:53-61. [PMID: 32697716 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Whether workplace social capital affects employees' mental health is debated. We examined the association between work-unit aggregated social capital and incident purchase of psychotropic medications among employees. METHODS We used data from the WHALE (Well-being in Hospital Employees) cohort study. The study population comprised 21,711 employees without recent psychotropic purchase-history nested within 2283 work units in the Capital Region of Denmark. Employees were invited to participate in a survey in March 2014 (86% response). We assessed workplace social capital by eight items (covering trust/justice and collaboration) and aggregated the mean of responses up to each work unit and categorized the scores into quartiles. Data on psychotropic purchases (antidepressants and anxiolytics/hypnotics/sedatives) were extracted via linkage to national registers. Using two-level mixed-effects survival models, we analyzed the association between work-unit social capital and psychotropic purchases during a one-year follow-up period adjusting for individual-level workplace social capital. RESULTS Low work-unit social capital was associated with higher purchases of overall psychotropic medications in a dose-response manner (low-versus-high: HR=1.32, 95% CI=1.05-1.65), but this effect attenuated after adjusting for individual-level workplace social capital (HR=1.14, 95% CI=0.88-1.46). Low work-unit social capital was associated with higher purchases of antidepressants (HR=1.78, 95% CI=1.16-2.73) even after adjusting for individual-level workplace social capital (HR=1.69, 95% CI=1.05-2.73). LIMITATIONS Medical doctors/dentists were underrepresented in the data on workplace social capital. CONCLUSIONS Low work-unit social capital may be associated with higher use of antidepressants among healthcare employees. Interventions to improve social capital could potentially promote mental health at work in the healthcare setting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johan Høy Jensen
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; Copenhagen Stress Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States.
| | - Esben Meulengracht Flachs
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Eszter Török
- Copenhagen Stress Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark; Section of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Naja Hulvej Rod
- Copenhagen Stress Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark; Section of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ida E H Madsen
- Copenhagen Stress Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark; National Research Center for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Reiner Rugulies
- Copenhagen Stress Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark; Section of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; National Research Center for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ichiro Kawachi
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Pihl-Thingvad S, Hansen SW, Winter V, Hansen MS, Willems J. Public managers' role in creating workplace social capital (WSC) and its effect on employees' well-being and health: a protocol of a longitudinal cohort study (PUMA-WSC). BMJ Open 2020; 10:e039027. [PMID: 33109660 PMCID: PMC7592307 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-039027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Workplace social capital (WSC) has been shown to affect employees' well-being and health, yet it is not clear how public managers can create WSC and which forms of WSC are most important. This study is the first prospective cohort study to examine the relationship between management behaviour, WSC, well-being and sickness absence. It uses a validated and detailed scale on WSC, which can distinguish between bonding, bridging, linking and organisational WSC over time. The study thereby provides rich data giving a much-needed detailed image of how WSC impacts on public employees' well-being and health. Additionally, the study pays special attention to the fact that these relationships can be different for different types of employees and therefore tests a set of relevant employee and context-related variables. METHODS AND ANALYSIS Project preparations in terms of agreements and data preparation of existing data started in 2019. This prospective cohort study considers and collects organisational data from 2016 to 2025. Annual employee surveys of more than 8000 employees (in a large Danish municipality) will be combined with register data in all years. This generates a unique cohort of public employees in different professions that are traceable over several years. The annual surveys include information on the management behaviour, WSC and employee outcomes. Fine-grained information on sickness absences will be matched for all employees and years under study. Moreover, confounders and the nested nature of the data will be considered. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Approval has been obtained from The Regional Committee on Health Research Ethics from Southern Denmark and from the University of Southern Denmark. The results will be presented at conferences and published in international peer-reviewed journals and in a practice-oriented monography targeted at public managers. The result will furthermore be disseminated to the involved employees through seminars and workshops in the participating organisations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Signe Pihl-Thingvad
- Department of Political Science and Public Management, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Sune W Hansen
- Department of Political Science and Public Management, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Vera Winter
- Department of Political Science and Public Management, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Health Care Management, Schumpeter School of Business and Economics, University of Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Michelle S Hansen
- Department of Political Science and Public Management, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Jurgen Willems
- Department of Political Science and Public Management, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Institute for Public Management und Governance, Department of Management, WU Wien, Wien, Austria
| |
Collapse
|