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Al Shaer AS, Jabeen F, Jose S, Farouk S. Cultural intelligence and proactive service performance: mediating and moderating role of leader's collaborative nature, cultural training and emotional labor. J Health Organ Manag 2023; ahead-of-print. [PMID: 37163644 DOI: 10.1108/jhom-04-2022-0103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Drawing on cultural intelligence and social exchange theories, this study examines cultural intelligence and its effects on proactive service performance and the mediating role of leader's collaborative nature and the moderating role of cultural training and emotional labor, particularly deep acting and surface acting, in the relationship between cultural intelligence and proactive service performance. DESIGN/METHODOLOGY/APPROACH The study sample comprised 510 healthcare practitioners. Structural equation modeling was used to examine the hypotheses. FINDINGS The results show that cultural intelligence positively influences proactive service performance. Additionally, leadership's collaborative nature influences proactive service performance. The moderating effect of cultural training and deep acting positively influences the relationship between cultural intelligence and proactive service performance. In contrast, surface acting reveals a reverse effect, thus exhibiting a positive effect on this relationship. RESEARCH LIMITATIONS/IMPLICATIONS These findings suggest that public healthcare organizations should pay more attention in improving deep acting, cultural training and leadership's collaborative nature for optimal service performance. ORIGINALITY/VALUE The novelty of this study lies in its presentation of an integrated framework based on cultural intelligence and social exchange theories that can solve the contemporary challenges facing healthcare firms operating in emerging markets in integrating cultural intelligence and service performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aisha Saif Al Shaer
- College of Business Administration, Abu Dhabi University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Fauzia Jabeen
- College of Business Administration, Abu Dhabi University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Saju Jose
- College of Business Administration, Abu Dhabi University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sherine Farouk
- College of Business Administration, Abu Dhabi University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
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Chen CC, Lan YL, Chiou SL, Lin YC. The Effect of Emotional Labor on the Physical and Mental Health of Health Professionals: Emotional Exhaustion Has a Mediating Effect. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 11:healthcare11010104. [PMID: 36611564 PMCID: PMC9819436 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11010104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Workers who perform emotional labor for an extended period are prone to emotional exhaustion; in particular, when the work exceeds the range of one's emotional resources, it will produce job burnout. This study investigated the effects of emotional labor and emotional exhaustion on the physical and mental health of health professionals. (2) Methods: This study was cross-sectional and the sampling criteria were health professionals from August 2020 to July 2021, including rehabilitators, nutritionists, clinical psychologists, radiologists, respiratory therapists, pharmacists, medical examiners and audiologists. A questionnaire was used to collect data on participants' emotional labor, emotional exhaustion, physical health and mental health. A total of 120 valid questionnaires were obtained. (3) Results: Significant positive correlations were found between emotional labor and emotional exhaustion, physical and mental health and anxiety. A hierarchical regression analysis found that the effect of emotional labor on physical and mental health increased the predictive power to 59.7% through emotional exhaustion, and emotional exhaustion had a mediating effect on the relationship between emotional labor and physical and mental health. (4) Conclusions: This study provides a reference for managers of medical institutions to care for employees' work stress and physical and mental health, which will help institutions build a friendly and healthy workplace.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Chih Chen
- Department of Future Studies and LOHAS Industry, Fo Guang University, Yilan 262307, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Li Lan
- Department of Health Administration, Tzu Chi University of Science and Technology, Hualien 970302, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (Y.-L.L.); (S.-L.C.)
| | - Shau-Lun Chiou
- Department of Rehabilitation, Taiwan Adventist Hospital, Taipei 10556, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (Y.-L.L.); (S.-L.C.)
| | - Yi-Ching Lin
- Department of Rehabilitation, Taiwan Adventist Hospital, Taipei 10556, Taiwan
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Punnett L. Response to NIOSH Request for Information on Interventions to Prevent Work-Related Stress and Support Health Worker Mental Health. New Solut 2022; 32:223-229. [PMID: 36147033 DOI: 10.1177/10482911221126271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The root causes of health care worker strain and depression include excessive job demands, extended work schedules, little decision-making opportunity, assault, bullying, and fear of injury. Potential links between working conditions and opioid overuse have also been discussed, beginning with psychological job strain or with physical pain leading to medication use. Promising solutions have been identified and many would be cost-effective, as enhanced working conditions could improve workers' mental health, job satisfaction, retention, and patient outcomes. Considering the number of health care workers leaving work during the global COVID-19 pandemic, it is urgent to address preventable root causes. In 2021, the US Congress called for educating health workers and first responders on the primary prevention of mental health conditions and substance use disorders. The CDC issued a Request for Information; this submission summarized research from CPH-NEW, a NIOSH Center of Excellence in Total Worker Health®, supplemented by a selective literature review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Punnett
- Biomedical Engineering, 14710University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, USA
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Keller E, Boch S, Hittle BM. Unsafe and Unsettling: An Integrative Review on Correctional Nursing Work Environments and Stressors. JOURNAL OF FORENSIC NURSING 2022; 18:229-236. [PMID: 35093958 DOI: 10.1097/jfn.0000000000000368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stress remains a major occupational hazard among nurses. As the United States maintains the largest correctional system in the world, little is understood regarding the occupational stress of correctional nurses and how that stress impacts their overall health and well-being. QUESTION ADDRESSED What are the occupational/environmental stressors and professional burnout factors experienced by correctional nurses? REVIEW METHODS Guided by Whittemore and Knafl's methodology, an integrative review was conducted using online databases of Scopus, CINAHL, NIOSH-tic, and PubMed in July of 2021 for peer-reviewed articles ever published internationally. Key concepts of "correctional health nursing" and "occupational stress" were used in our search. REVIEW RESULTS One hundred fifty-two articles were identified. Eleven articles met eligibility criteria and were included in this review. Three key themes emerged: conflict , fear , and demands . DISCUSSION Conflict arose from ethical and relational issues among coworkers, management, and incarcerated patients. Fear stemmed from physical safety concerns and workplace violence, whereas demands involved high workloads paired with a lack of organizational support. Findings revealed evidence on the unique occupational environment of correctional nursing professionals that impacted levels of stress and burnout across all types of correctional settings (e.g., jails and prisons). IMPLICATIONS Better assessment and consistent evaluation of the health and well-being of correctional nurses and their correctional nursing environments are needed. Additional resources to reduce stress, along with ensuring policies that mitigate ethical challenges, workplace violence, and bullying, may promote professional and safe workspaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Keller
- Author Affiliations: College of Nursing, University of Cincinnati
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High Emotional Demands at Work and Poor Mental Health in Client-Facing Workers. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19127530. [PMID: 35742779 PMCID: PMC9223747 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19127530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the association between emotional demands and depression or anxiety in a wide range of jobs. We used data from the third Korean Working Conditions Survey (n = 50,032) for all occupational classifications, with no limitations placed on job title or employment type. Among the full set of regular paid workers in addition to self-employed, unpaid family workers, and informal employees such as independent contractors, 23,989 respondents worked with “customers, passengers, students, or patients” (i.e., clients). Emotional demands were evaluated using two questions: handling angry clients and needing to hide feelings for work performance. Any depression or anxiety over the last 12 months was taken to indicate poor mental health. Multivariable logistic regression modeling was performed to calculate adjusted ORs with 95% confidence intervals for the influence of emotional demands on mental health, adjusting for demographic factors (age, gender, education, income), occupational psychological demands, decision latitude, social support, weekly work hours and job insecurity. The prevalence of emotional demands was higher in self-employed and informal employees than in regular paid employees. The more frequent the exposure to the two emotional demands combined was, the higher the risk of depression or anxiety. High psychological demands, low social support, and low job security each further increased the risk of poor mental health. Emotional demands turned out to be widespread in the entire economy, were not limited to service or sales occupations, and were more evident in precarious work. The contribution of emotional demands and other preventable job stressors to the burden of depression or anxiety in society may be substantial.
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Peng C, Chen Y, Zeng T, Wu M, Yuan M, Zhang K. Relationship between perceived organizational support and professional values of nurses: mediating effect of emotional labor. BMC Nurs 2022; 21:142. [PMID: 35668396 PMCID: PMC9169319 DOI: 10.1186/s12912-022-00927-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Perceived organizational support was a benefit for the work performance of nurses, which may affect emotional labor and the development of professional values. This study aimed to explore the relationship between nurses’ perceived organizational support and professional values, and investigate the mediating role of emotional labor. Methods This was a cross-sectional study. The study was conducted in 3 tertiary hospitals in Wuhan from October 2020 to January 2021. The data were collected by a questionnaire consisting of demographic characteristics, the Emotional Labor Scale for Nurses, the nurses’ Perceived Organizational Support Scale, and the Nursing Professional Values Scale (NPVS-R). A convenience sample of 1017 nurses responded to the questionnaire survey. Pearson’s correlation analysis was used to test the relationship between variables. Predictor effects were tested using hierarchical multiple regressions. The structural equation model (SEM) was used to test the mediation effect of emotional labor on the pathway from perceived organizational support to professional values. Results A positive moderate correlation was observed between the perceived organizational support and emotional labor (r = 0.524, P < 0.01), and a positive strong correlation was observed between perceived organizational support and professional values (r = 0.609, P < 0.01). Emotional labor and perceived organizational support were positive predictors of professional values (B = 0.531, 95%CI = 0.414 ~ 0.649; B = 0.808, 95%CI = 0.715 ~ 0.901, respectively). The association between perceived organizational support and professional values was mediated by emotional labor. Conclusions Results showed that perceived organizational support was positively related to nurses’ emotional labor, which was in turn associated with high professional values. For nurses, improving organizational support and training nurses to engage in emotional labor through providing multiple support systems, establishing appropriate incentive mechanisms, and training nurses to regulate emotions can be effective ways to promote nurses’ professional values. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12912-022-00927-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- ChaoHua Peng
- Department of Nursing, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Ye Chen
- Department of Nursing, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Tieying Zeng
- Department of Nursing, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| | - Meiliyang Wu
- Department of Nursing, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Mengmei Yuan
- Department of Nursing, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Ke Zhang
- School of Nursing, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, 430030, China
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Stevens ML, Karstad K, Mathiassen SE, Januario LB, Rugulies R, Hallman DM, Holtermann A. Associations between perceived quantitative work demands at different organisational levels and pain and sickness absence in eldercare workers: a multi-level longitudinal analysis. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2022; 95:993-1001. [PMID: 35441893 PMCID: PMC9203390 DOI: 10.1007/s00420-022-01850-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Eldercare work is characterised by high quantitative work demands and high occurrence of musculoskeletal pain and sickness absence. Our aim was to investigate the association between quantitative demands aggregated at the different organizational levels of eldercare and low back pain (LBP) and sickness absence due to pain among workers. METHODS This study was conducted in 527 eldercare workers from 105 wards across 20 nursing homes in Denmark. We collected workers' perceived quantitative demands at baseline and workers' LBP and sickness absence repeatedly over the following year. We aggregated worker-level quantitative demands to the ward and nursing home-levels, and used mixed-effects regression models to investigate the associations between quantitative demands at different organizational levels and LBP and sickness absence over 1 year. RESULTS Across all models, increased quantitative demands (0-100 scale) at the worker-level was associated with an increased likelihood (OR 1.02) and intensity of LBP (β = 0.01). We did not identify any associations between quantitative demands at the ward-level and either of our outcomes. Across all models, increased quantitative demands at the nursing home-level was associated with increased days with sickness absence due to pain (β = 0.03 to 0.06). CONCLUSION In eldercare, workers' perceived quantitative demands are associated with the presence and intensity of LBP. Further, quantitative demands across the overall nursing home-level are associated with sickness absence due to pain among eldercare workers. These results are of relevance to developing organisational interventions targeting quantitative demands to reduce sickness absence in eldercare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew L. Stevens
- The National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Parkallé 105, 2100 København Ø, Denmark
| | - Kristina Karstad
- The National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Parkallé 105, 2100 København Ø, Denmark
| | - Svend Erik Mathiassen
- Department of Occupational Health Sciences and Psychology, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Gävle, Gävle, Sweden
| | - Leticia Bergamin Januario
- Department of Occupational Health Sciences and Psychology, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Gävle, Gävle, Sweden
| | - Reiner Rugulies
- The National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Parkallé 105, 2100 København Ø, Denmark
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - David M. Hallman
- Department of Occupational Health Sciences and Psychology, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Gävle, Gävle, Sweden
| | - Andreas Holtermann
- The National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Parkallé 105, 2100 København Ø, Denmark
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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Park LS, Martinez L, Xu S. Job experience as a buffer against incivility: a daily diary study. JOURNAL OF MANAGERIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1108/jmp-03-2021-0194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PurposeIncivility is pervasive in organisational settings, particularly in healthcare, and is associated with negative employee outcomes. The aim of this study was to analyse the relationships between experienced incivility, sleep quality and emotional outcomes, positioning sleep quality as a mediator. Additionally, the protective role of tenure and the unique effects of incivility from different sources were examined.Design/methodology/approachThis study used a daily diary longitudinal design using self-report questionnaires with 92 nurses of varying tenure.FindingsThis research demonstrates that experiencing incivility negatively impacts sleep quality, which, in turn, increases surface acting and emotional exhaustion. Furthermore, the negative relationship between incivility and sleep quality is attenuated among nurses who have longer tenure.Practical implicationsThese findings are helpful in developing targeted practical practices, such as incivility interventions and mentorship programs to reduce the incidence and impact of incivility.Originality/value This study draws upon theories of self-regulation and emotion regulation to examine how incivility diminishes self-control resources, leading to negative outcomes. This study also positions job tenure as a buffer against incivility and examines the differential impact of different sources of incivility.
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