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Viseu JP, Yiou E, Morin PO, Olivier A. Sport dependent effects on the sensory control of balance during upright posture: a comparison between professional horseback riders, judokas and non-athletes. Front Hum Neurosci 2023; 17:1213385. [PMID: 37584030 PMCID: PMC10423814 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2023.1213385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Compared to judokas (JU) and non-athletes (NA), horseback riders (HR) may develop specific changes in their sensory control of balance. Methods Thirty-four international-level JU, twenty-seven international-level HR and twenty-one NA participated. Participants stood upright on a plateform (static condition) or on a seesaw device with an instability along the mediolateral (ML) or the anteroposterior (AP) direction (dynamic conditions). These conditions were carried out with eyes opened (EO) or closed (EC), and with (wF) or without a foam (nF). Experimental variables included conventional (linear), non-linear center-of-pressure (COP) parameters, Romberg Quotient (RQ) and Plantar Quotient (PQ). Results Group effects. COP Surface (COPS) and standard deviation of COP along AP (SDY) were lower in HR than in JU in Static. SD Y was lower in HR than in JU in Dynamic AP. COP velocity (COPV) was lower in both HR and JU than in NA in Static and Dynamic. Sample entropy along AP and ML (SampEnY and SampEnX) were higher in HR than in JU in Static. SampEnY was higher in HR than in JU in Dynamic ML. Sensory effects. In EC, COPV was lower in JU than in NA in Dynamic AP, and lower in JU than in both HR and NA in Dynamic ML. In EO, COPV was lower in both JU and HR than in NA in Dynamic ML. RQ applied to COPS was lower in JU than in both HR and NA in Dynamic AP, and lower in JU than in HR in Dynamic ML. RQ applied to COPV was lower in JU than in both HR and NA in Static and Dynamic. PQ applied to COPS was higher in JU than in both HR and NA in Dynamic ML. Conclusion Results showed that the effects of sport expertise on postural control could only be revealed with specific COP variables and were directionally oriented and sport-dependant. HR seem to rely more on vision than JU, thus revealing that the contribution of the sensory inputs to balance control is also sport-dependent. Results open up new knowledge on the specificity of sport practice on multisensory balance information during upright posture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Philippe Viseu
- CIAMS, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
- CIAMS, Université d’Orléans, Orléans, France
| | - Eric Yiou
- CIAMS, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
- CIAMS, Université d’Orléans, Orléans, France
| | | | - Agnès Olivier
- CIAMS, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
- CIAMS, Université d’Orléans, Orléans, France
- Institut Français du Cheval et de l’Equitation, Plateau technique de Saumur, Saumur, France
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2
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Paillard T. The optimal method for improving postural balance in healthy young and older people: specific training for postural tasks encountered in personal physical practice. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1188496. [PMID: 37449015 PMCID: PMC10338096 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1188496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
It is well known that regular exercise or physical activity (training) improves postural balance in healthy young and older subjects, but the optimal exercise or physical activity (i.e., likely to induce the greatest postural improvements) and the context in which it is carried out remain to be explored and determined for each population. The most beneficial adaptations would depend, in particular, on gestural conditions (body position, movement and gesture practiced) and material conditions (nature of the ground surface, sports equipment used, type of environment - stable or changing). In fact, the global postural adaptations induced by training do not result from the transfer between different trained and untrained postural tasks, but are the sum of the adaptations related to each trained postural task in healthy young and older subjects. Based on current knowledge, optimal training programs should include the full range of postural tasks encountered in personal physical practice for each population. To date, the method of implementing progressive postural balance tasks with different degrees of difficulty and instability has been used as the effective method to improve postural balance, but it should not be considered as the reference method. Instead, it should be considered as a complementary method to the one based on specific postural tasks. An intervention strategy is proposed for young and older adults consisting of three different steps (general, oriented and specific/ecologic training). However, some parameters still need to be explored and possibly reconsidered in future studies to improve postural balance in an optimal way.
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3
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Zemková E, Kováčiková Z. Sport-specific training induced adaptations in postural control and their relationship with athletic performance. Front Hum Neurosci 2023; 16:1007804. [PMID: 36712149 PMCID: PMC9877433 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2022.1007804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Effects of various exercise programs on postural balance control in athletes and their underlying physiological mechanisms have been extensively investigated. However, little is known regarding how challenging sport-specific conditions contribute to the improvement of body balance and to what extent these changes may be explained by sensorimotor and/or neuromuscular function adaptations. Analysis of the literature could provide useful information on the interpretation of changes in postural sway variables in response to long-term sport-specific training and their association with performance measures. Therefore, the aim of this scoping review was (1) to analyze the literature investigating postural control adaptations induced by sport-specific training and their relationship with measures of athletic performance, and (2) to identify gaps in the existing research and to propose suggestions for future studies. A literature search conducted with Scopus, Web of Science, MEDLINE and Cochrane Library was completed by Elsevier, SpringerLink and Google Scholar with no date restrictions. Overall, 126 articles were eligible for inclusion. However, the association between variables of postural balance control and measures of sport-specific performance was investigated in only 14 of the articles. A relationship between static and/or dynamic balance and criterion measures of athletic performance was revealed in shooting, archery, golf, baseball, ice-hockey, tennis, and snowboarding. This may be ascribed to improved ability of athletes to perform postural adjustments in highly balanced task demands. However, the extent to which sport-specific exercises contribute to their superior postural stability is unknown. Although there is a good deal of evidence supporting neurophysiological adaptations in postural balance control induced by body conditioning exercises, little effort has been made to explain balance adaptations induced by sport-specific exercises and their effects on athletic performance. While an enhancement in athletic performance is often attributed to an improvement of neuromuscular functions induced by sport-specific balance exercises, it can be equally well ascribed to their improvement by general body conditioning exercises. Therefore, the relevant experiments have yet to be conducted to investigate the relative contributions of each of these exercises to improving athletic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Zemková
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia,Faculty of Health Sciences, University of St. Cyril and Methodius in Trnava, Trnava, Slovakia,*Correspondence: Erika Zemková,
| | - Zuzana Kováčiková
- Institute of Physical Education and Sport, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Košice, Slovakia
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4
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Dowse RA, Secomb JL, Bruton M, Parsonage J, Ferrier B, Waddington G, Nimphius S. Ankle Proprioception in Male and Female Surfers and the Implications of Motor Experience and Lower-Body Strength. J Strength Cond Res 2022; 36:3497-3504. [PMID: 34657073 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000004126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Dowse, RA, Secomb, JL, Bruton, M, Parsonage, J, Ferrier, B, Waddington, G, and Nimphius, S. Ankle proprioception in male and female surfers and the implications of motor experience and lower-body strength. J Strength Cond Res 36(12): 3497-3504, 2022-The primary objectives were to evaluate if the active movement extent discrimination apparatus (AMEDA) condition (i.e., front foot and back foot plantarflexion, dorsiflexion, inversion, and eversion) and the level of competition explained ankle movement discrimination scores and, thereafter, examined the contribution of surf experience, physical capacity, and ability to proprioception. It was also considered important to re-evaluate the surf experience, anthropometric characteristics, physical capacities, and abilities of male and female surfers. Twenty-six male ( n = 12, surf experience = 18 ± 8 years) and female surfers ( n = 14, surf experience = 9 ± 6 years) completed a pre-exercise medical questionnaire, anthropometric assessment, 8 AMEDA assessments, countermovement jump, squat jump, and isometric midthigh pull assessment. The AMEDA condition and level of competition did not have a statistically significant main effect on ankle movement discrimination scores; however, the effect of the gender/sex was significant ( p = 0.044). Surf experience ( p = 0.029) and lower-body isometric strength ( p = 0.029) had a statistically significant but small main effect on ankle movement discrimination scores. The results also confirmed that there were significant differences in surf experience, anthropometric characteristics, physical capacity, and jumping ability between male and female surfers. As surf experience and physical capacity were only able to explain a small magnitude of ankle movement discrimination scores, it is suggested that ankle proprioception in surfers may be related to both the volume and quality of the motor experience attained, which may be augmented by environmental and sociocultural factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca A Dowse
- Surfing Australia High Performance Center, Casuarina, Australia.,School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Australia
| | - Josh L Secomb
- Surfing Australia High Performance Center, Casuarina, Australia.,School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Australia
| | - Michaela Bruton
- School of Exercise Science, Australian Catholic University, Strathfield, Australia
| | - Joanna Parsonage
- Surfing Australia High Performance Center, Casuarina, Australia.,School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Australia
| | - Brendon Ferrier
- Surfing Australia High Performance Center, Casuarina, Australia.,School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Australia.,School of Applied Sciences, Edinburgh Napier University, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; and
| | - Gordon Waddington
- University of Canberra, Research Institute for Sport and Exercise, University of Canberra, Bruce, Australia
| | - Sophia Nimphius
- Surfing Australia High Performance Center, Casuarina, Australia.,School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Australia
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Srihi S, Jouira G, Ben Waer F, Rebai H, Majdoub A, Sahli S. Postural Balance in Young Tennis Players of Varied Competition Levels. Percept Mot Skills 2022; 129:1599-1613. [PMID: 35704346 DOI: 10.1177/00315125221108913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of young tennis players' expertise on their postural balance (PB) under sensorial conditions with eyes open (EO) and with eyes closed (EC). Our participants were 75 healthy adolescents aged 15-18 years, divided into three groups based on their skill levels: (a) national tennis players (NAT; n = 25), regional tennis players (REG; n =25), and a control group of non-sport practitioners (CG; n = 25). We recorded center of pressure area and mean velocity on a force platform while participants stood in bipedal and unipedal stances in EO and EC conditions for all three groups. Statistical analyses showed that NAT participants swayed less than CG participants in all conditions and less than REG participants in the bipedal stance with EC and in the unipedal stance, both with EO and EC. Thus, tennis practice/experience may have improved PB in this sample, as high-level tennis players had better PB compared to novices, especially in challenging conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selim Srihi
- Research Lab Education, Motricity, Sport and Health LR19JS01, High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Ghada Jouira
- Research Lab Education, Motricity, Sport and Health LR19JS01, High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Fatma Ben Waer
- Research Lab Education, Motricity, Sport and Health LR19JS01, High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Haithem Rebai
- Research Lab Education, Motricity, Sport and Health LR19JS01, High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Amal Majdoub
- Laboratory of Transmissible Diseases and Biologically Active Substances, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Sonia Sahli
- Research Lab Education, Motricity, Sport and Health LR19JS01, High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Tunisia
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6
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Donaldson T, Scantlebury M, Furness J, Kemp-Smith K, Newcomer S, Climstein M. Training Methods in the Sport of Surfing: A Scoping Review. Strength Cond J 2022. [DOI: 10.1519/ssc.0000000000000674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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7
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Akbaş A, Marszałek W, Drozd S, Czarny W, Król P, Warchoł K, Słomka KJ, Rzepko M. The effect of expertise on postural control in elite sport ju-jitsu athletes. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil 2022; 14:86. [PMID: 35562833 PMCID: PMC9101935 DOI: 10.1186/s13102-022-00477-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Due to the high postural control demands of sport ju-jitsu, it is likely that long-term sport ju-jitsu training may induce sport-specific adaptations in postural control, especially in positions directly related to combat. The aim of the study was to assess the differences in postural control between elite sport ju-jitsu athletes and untrained controls in non-ecological and ecological conditions and to investigate the relative contribution of spinal and supraspinal mechanisms to postural control in expert athletes. Methods The study was conducted on eleven male elite ju-jitsu athletes and ten non-athletes. The data was collected with the use of a force plate under two conditions: quiet standing and ju-jitsu combat stance. Apart from the standard analysis of the spatial–temporal parameters of center of foot pressure, non-linear measures were used, namely rambling-trembling and sample entropy. The non-parametric Mann–Whitney U test was used to compare both groups. Results The main findings of the study showed that in quiet standing, elite ju-jitsu athletes and non-athletes had comparable postural control in both the anterior–posterior and mediolateral planes. In contrast, in the combat stance, elite athletes had lower values of postural sway and rambling component (range and rms) and higher values of sample entropy in comparison to the non-athletes (p < 0.05). No differences were found in the trembling component of sway between groups in the combat stance (p < 0.05). Conclusions Smaller postural sway and its rambling component in sport ju-jitsu athletes may indicate the more precise control of center of foot pressure and improved ability in estimating its position. The sample entropy results confirmed that the displacement of center of foot pressure for sport ju-jitsu athletes was more irregular, which demonstrates greater automatization in postural control. The results also confirm the importance of ecological validity in investigating postural adaptations associated with sports expertise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Akbaş
- Department of Motor Human Behavior, Institute of Sport Sciences, Academy of Physical Education, 72a Mikołowska Str., 40-065, Katowice, Poland.
| | - Wojciech Marszałek
- Department of Motor Human Behavior, Institute of Sport Sciences, Academy of Physical Education, 72a Mikołowska Str., 40-065, Katowice, Poland
| | - Sławomir Drozd
- Institute of Physical Culture, University of Rzeszów, 16c Aleja Rejtana Str., 35-959, Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Wojciech Czarny
- Institute of Physical Culture, University of Rzeszów, 16c Aleja Rejtana Str., 35-959, Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Paweł Król
- Institute of Physical Culture, University of Rzeszów, 16c Aleja Rejtana Str., 35-959, Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Warchoł
- Institute of Physical Culture, University of Rzeszów, 16c Aleja Rejtana Str., 35-959, Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Kajetan J Słomka
- Department of Motor Human Behavior, Institute of Sport Sciences, Academy of Physical Education, 72a Mikołowska Str., 40-065, Katowice, Poland
| | - Marian Rzepko
- Institute of Physical Culture, University of Rzeszów, 16c Aleja Rejtana Str., 35-959, Rzeszów, Poland
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8
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Di Rienzo F, Joassy P, Ferreira Dias Kanthack T, Moncel F, Mercier Q, Collet C, Guillot A. Stabilometric Correlates of Motor and Motor Imagery Expertise. Front Hum Neurosci 2022; 15:741709. [PMID: 35095444 PMCID: PMC8792864 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2021.741709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Motor Imagery (MI) reproduces cognitive operations associated with the actual motor preparation and execution. Postural recordings during MI reflect somatic motor commands targeting peripheral effectors involved in balance control. However, how these relate to the actual motor expertise and may vary along with the MI modality remains debated. In the present experiment, two groups of expert and non-expert gymnasts underwent stabilometric assessments while performing physically and mentally a balance skill. We implemented psychometric measures of MI ability, while stabilometric variables were calculated from the center of pressure (COP) oscillations. Psychometric evaluations revealed greater MI ability in experts, specifically for the visual modality. Experts exhibited reduced surface COP oscillations in the antero-posterior axis compared to non-experts during the balance skill (14.90%, 95% CI 34.48–4.68, p < 0.05). Experts further exhibited reduced length of COP displacement in the antero-posterior axis and as a function of the displacement area during visual and kinesthetic MI compared to the control condition (20.51%, 95% CI 0.99–40.03 and 21.85%, 95% CI 2.33–41.37, respectively, both p < 0.05). Predictive relationships were found between the stabilometric correlates of visual MI and physical practice of the balance skill, as well as between the stabilometric correlates of kinesthetic MI and the training experience in experts. Present results provide original stabilometric insights into the relationships between MI and expertise level. While data support the incomplete inhibition of postural commands during MI, whether postural responses during MI of various modalities mirror the level of motor expertise remains unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franck Di Rienzo
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité, Villeurbanne Cedex, France
- *Correspondence: Franck Di Rienzo
| | - Pierric Joassy
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité, Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - Thiago Ferreira Dias Kanthack
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité, Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - François Moncel
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité, Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - Quentin Mercier
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité, Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - Christian Collet
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité, Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - Aymeric Guillot
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité, Villeurbanne Cedex, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
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IORDAN DA, MOCANU GD, MOCANU MD, MUNTEANU C, CONSTANTIN GB, ONU I, NECHIFOR A. Age-Related, Sport-Specific Dysfunctions of the Shoulder and Pelvic Girdle in Athletes Table Tennis Players. Observational Study. BALNEO AND PRM RESEARCH JOURNAL 2021. [DOI: 10.12680/balneo.2021.461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Postural skills are fundamental in motor activities, so far no evidence of a direct relationship has been found, it is therefore recommended to consider the following directions, the higher the level of sports competition, the better the body posture; or better athletes also have a better body posture. Around the age of 11-14 years, it is a period of aggressive development, if the rapid growth of the bone system is not associated and symmetrical with the development of soft tissues serious postural deficiencies may develop in table tennis players.
Methods: We used the web camera – photographic method (38) related to the Sensor Medica software that allows the acquisition of images in order to detect postural deficiencies and we considered it necessary to have a clear image of the level of technical-tactical training of female juniors III using 5 tests specific to topspin attack in order to assess the influence of body posture on such tests. Eighteen female juniors III (the mean ± SD age, height and weight were 11.1 ± 0.2 years, 147.7 ± 2.6 cm, 39.0 ± 2.0 kg). Descriptive statistical analysis was performed on the procedures for establishing the normality of data distribution, Levene's Test for Equality of Variances, the t test for independent samples. The confidence interval was set at 95% (p < 0.05),
Results and Conclusions: Since Sig. (2-tailed) or p < α = 0.001 and taking into account that the confidence interval limits for the difference between the sample mean and the reference value (95% CI for the mean difference) do not contain the zero value, it is accepted that there are statistically significant differences between the shoulder inclination for the female athletes in the sample studied and the reference value. We identified that at the level of alignment between anatomical landmarks, the percentage of deficiency of the entire lot of female juniors III in the case of shoulders is 100% and at the level of PSIS is 66%, which validates several studies that stated that in this period of aggressive growth correlated with repetitive unilateral executions specific to the topspin attack lead to postural deficiencies. In terms of the influence of body posture on the quality level, we identified that Group 1 – (without PSIS imbalance) has a higher average overall efficiency of the 5 tests (11.33) compared to Group 2 (8.58), even if from a statistical point of view these differences are not significant.
Keywords: Body posture, Asimmetry, Topspin attack, Table tennis, Sensor Medica,
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel-Andrei IORDAN
- “Dunărea de Jos” University, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports, 800008, Galați, Romania
| | - George-Dănuț MOCANU
- “Dunărea de Jos” University, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports, 800008, Galați, Romania
| | - Mircea-Dan MOCANU
- “Dunărea de Jos” University, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports, 800008, Galați, Romania
| | - Constantin MUNTEANU
- Faculty of Medical Bioengineering, “University of Medicine and Pharmacy Grigore T Popa”, Iasi, Romania
| | | | - Ilie ONU
- Faculty of Medical Bioengineering, “University of Medicine and Pharmacy Grigore T Popa”, Iasi, Romania
| | - Alexandru NECHIFOR
- “Dunărea de Jos” University, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, 800008, Galați, Romania
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10
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Pojskić H, Hanstock HG, Tang TH, Rodríguez-Zamora L. Acute Exposure to Normobaric Hypoxia Impairs Balance Performance in Sub-elite but Not Elite Basketball Players. Front Physiol 2021; 12:748153. [PMID: 34777010 PMCID: PMC8578732 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.748153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Although high and simulated altitude training has become an increasingly popular training method, no study has investigated the influence of acute hypoxic exposure on balance in team-sport athletes. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate whether acute exposure to normobaric hypoxia is detrimental to balance performance in highly-trained basketball players. Nine elite and nine sub-elite male basketball players participated in a randomized, single-blinded, cross-over study. Subjects performed repeated trials of a single-leg balance test (SLBT) in an altitude chamber in normoxia (NOR; approximately sea level) with FiO2 20.9% and PiO2 ranging from 146.7 to 150.4 mmHg and in normobaric hypoxia (HYP; ~3,800 m above sea level) with FiO2 13.0% and PiO2 ranging from 90.9 to 94.6 mmHg. The SLBT was performed three times: 15 min after entering the environmental chamber in NOR or HYP, then two times more interspersed by 3-min rest. Peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO2) and heart rate (HR) were recorded at four time points: after the initial 15-min rest inside the chamber and immediately after each SLBT. Across the cohort, the balance performance was 7.1% better during NOR than HYP (P < 0.01, ηp2 = 0.58). However, the performance of the elite group was not impaired by HYP, whereas the sub-elite group performed worse in the HYP condition on both legs (DL: P = 0.02, d = 1.23; NDL: P = 0.01, d = 1.43). SpO2 was lower in HYP than NOR (P < 0.001, ηp2 = 0.99) with a significant decline over time during HYP. HR was higher in HYP than NOR (P = 0.04, ηp2 = 0.25) with a significant increase over time. Acute exposure to normobaric hypoxia detrimentally affected the balance performance in sub-elite but not elite basketball players.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haris Pojskić
- Department of Sports Science, Faculty of Social Sciences, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden
| | - Helen G Hanstock
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Human Sciences, Mid Sweden University, Östersund, Sweden.,Swedish Winter Sports Research Centre, Mid Sweden University, Östersund, Sweden
| | - Tsz-Hin Tang
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Human Sciences, Mid Sweden University, Östersund, Sweden
| | - Lara Rodríguez-Zamora
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Human Sciences, Mid Sweden University, Östersund, Sweden.,Division of Sport Science, School of Health Sciences, Orebro University, Orebro, Sweden
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11
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Kyeong Kim R, Park C, Jeon K, Park K, Kang N. Different unilateral force control strategies between athletes and non-athletes. J Biomech 2021; 129:110830. [PMID: 34736089 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2021.110830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated continuous visuomotor tracking capabilities between athletes and non-athlete controls using isometric force control paradigm. Nine female athletes and nine female age-matched controls performed unilateral hand-grip force control tasks with their dominant and non-dominant hands at 10% and 40% of maximal voluntary contraction (MVC), respectively. Three conventional outcome measures on force control capabilities included mean force, force accuracy, and force variability, and we additionally calculated two nonlinear dynamics variables including force regularity using sample entropy and force stability using maximal Lyapunov exponent. Finally, we performed correlation analyses to determine the relationship between nonlinear dynamics variables and conventional measures for each group. The findings indicated that force control capabilities as indicated by three conventional measures were not significantly different between athlete and non-athlete control groups. However, the athletes revealed less force regularity and greater force stability across hand conditions and targeted force levels than those in non-athlete controls. The correlation analyses found that increased force regularity (i.e., less sample entropy values) at 10% of MVC and decreased force regularity (i.e., greater sample entropy values) at 40% of MVC were significantly related to improved force accuracy and variability for the athlete group, and these patterns were not observed in the non-athlete control group. These findings suggested that the athletes may use different adaptive force control strategies as indicated by nonlinear dynamics tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rye Kyeong Kim
- Division of Sport Science, Incheon National University, Incheon, South Korea; Neuromechanical Rehabilitation Research Laboratory, Incheon National University, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Chaneun Park
- Department of Mechatronics Engineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, South Korea; Human Dynamics Laboratory, Incheon National University, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Kyoungkyu Jeon
- Division of Sport Science, Incheon National University, Incheon, South Korea; Health Promotion Center & Sport Science Institute, Incheon National University, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Kiwon Park
- Department of Mechatronics Engineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, South Korea; Human Dynamics Laboratory, Incheon National University, Incheon, South Korea.
| | - Nyeonju Kang
- Division of Sport Science, Incheon National University, Incheon, South Korea; Neuromechanical Rehabilitation Research Laboratory, Incheon National University, Incheon, South Korea; Health Promotion Center & Sport Science Institute, Incheon National University, Incheon, South Korea.
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12
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Augustsson SR, Nae J, Karlsson M, Peterson T, Wollmer P, Ageberg E. Postural orientation, what to expect in youth athletes? A cohort study on data from the Malmö Youth Sport Study. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil 2021; 13:76. [PMID: 34301323 PMCID: PMC8306364 DOI: 10.1186/s13102-021-00307-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies investigating postural orientation in uninjured youth athletes are scarce. Understanding how postural orientation during functional performance tests change with age in uninjured athletes has the potential to enhance awareness of changes in performance after injury and to set realistic goals for injured athletes. Thus, the aim of this study was to explore postural orientation during functional tasks at early adolescence, and changes in postural orientation from early to middle adolescence and relate this to sex, type of sport and right leg lean body mass (RLLBM). METHODS In this cohort study 144 (38% female) youth athletes (mean age 13.5 years, SD 0.3) were included at baseline and 86 of these at follow up 2 years later. Four functional performance tests were visually evaluated for Postural Orientation Errors (POEs) with an ordinal scale, ranging from 0 (good) to 2 (poor), yielding a maximum total POE score of 51, and RLLBM by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. RESULTS Improvements were observed in the total POE score from baseline to follow-up, median difference - 10 and - 7 (p < 0.001) for female and male athletes, respectively. At follow-up, female athletes had lower total POE score (median 18) than males (median 24) (p = 0.01). There were no differences in POE scores between sports type (team, individual, aesthetic) (p = 0.20-0.98) and no relationship between total POE score and RLLBM (rs = 0.09, p = 0.42). CONCLUSIONS POEs appear to be quite common in young athletic population, but improvements are achieved over time. At mid-adolescence, female athletes seem to have less POEs than males. Neither sport type nor RLLBM seem to influence postural orientation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Ryman Augustsson
- Department of Sport Science, Faculty of Social Sciences, Linnaeus University, SE-391 82, Kalmar, Sweden. .,Department of Health Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Jenny Nae
- Department of Health Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Magnus Karlsson
- Clinical and Molecular Osteoporosis Research Unit, Department of Orthopedics and Clinical Sciences, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Tomas Peterson
- Faculty of Education and Society, Department of Sport Sciences, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Per Wollmer
- Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.,Department of Medical Imaging and Physiology, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Eva Ageberg
- Department of Health Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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13
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Akbaş A, Marszałek W, Bacik B, Juras G. Two Aspects of Feedforward Control During a Fencing Lunge: Early and Anticipatory Postural Adjustments. Front Hum Neurosci 2021; 15:638675. [PMID: 34194305 PMCID: PMC8236721 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2021.638675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study investigated whether expertise in fencing influences the onset of postural preparation during the fencing lunge and how it changes under different performance conditions. We also questioned if the onset of feedforward control can be categorized into one of the postural phases: anticipatory or early postural adjustment. Eight elite fencers and nine physical education students performed an attack with a lunge in self-paced and reaction time conditions from three different initial stance widths. The onset of the center of pressure (COP) displacement and EMG activities for the tibialis anterior (TA) of both limbs were recorded. The results show that expertise in fencing delays the onset of the activity of TA of the front leg and the onset of COP displacement during fencing lunge performance in comparison to controls. Additionally, in contrast to the control group, fencers produce typical APA patterns in the activation of TA under different performance conditions, delayed reaction time in comparison to self-initiated lunging, and constant time of APA onset under different widths of stance. According to different times and functions of TA activity and COP displacement in lunging, we propose to address them as anticipatory postural adjustment and early postural adjustment, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Akbaş
- Department of Human Motor Behavior, Institute of Sport Sciences, Academy of Physical Education, Katowice, Poland
| | - Wojciech Marszałek
- Department of Human Motor Behavior, Institute of Sport Sciences, Academy of Physical Education, Katowice, Poland
| | - Bogdan Bacik
- Department of Human Motor Behavior, Institute of Sport Sciences, Academy of Physical Education, Katowice, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Juras
- Department of Human Motor Behavior, Institute of Sport Sciences, Academy of Physical Education, Katowice, Poland
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14
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Caballero C, Barbado D, Hérnandez-Davó H, Hernández-Davó JL, Moreno FJ. Balance dynamics are related to age and levels of expertise. Application in young and adult tennis players. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0249941. [PMID: 33857225 PMCID: PMC8049250 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0249941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In tennis, coaches consider balance fundamental for the acquisition of skilled motor performance. However, the potential relationship between balance and tennis expertise and performance has not been explored yet. Therefore, this study assessed the relationship between balance and tennis performance using linear and non-linear parameters through 1) the comparison of tennis players of different ages and levels of expertise, and 2) analyzing the relationship between balance and tennis serving speed and accuracy. One hundred and six recreational and expert male tennis players took part in the study (age range 10-35 years old). Temporal dynamics of postural control during a balance task on an unstable surface were analyzed through the mean velocity and the detrended fluctuation analysis (DFAV) of center of pressure (COP). Tennis serve performance was quantified by measuring accuracy and speed. Traditional variables measuring balance performance only showed differences according to age but not to sport performance. COP showed a reduction of auto-correlated variability (reflected by DFAV) with age but mainly in expert players. COP dynamics was the only balance parameter discriminating sport expertise and it was related to age. Balance dynamics exhibited by expert tennis players DFAV results support the idea that, along the years, sport experience induces balance adaptations characterized by a higher ability to perform postural adjustments. These results also reinforce the use of non-linear analysis to reveal subtle balance adaptations produced by sport practice. Finally, the lack of correlations suggests that balance, measured with scattering variables, in a non-specific task is not a main determinant of sport performance in tennis serve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Caballero
- Sports Research Centre, Department of Sport Sciences, Miguel Hernández University of Elche, Elche, Alicante, Spain
| | - David Barbado
- Sports Research Centre, Department of Sport Sciences, Miguel Hernández University of Elche, Elche, Alicante, Spain
| | - Héctor Hérnandez-Davó
- Sports Research Centre, Department of Sport Sciences, Miguel Hernández University of Elche, Elche, Alicante, Spain
| | - José Luis Hernández-Davó
- Sports Research Centre, Department of Sport Sciences, Miguel Hernández University of Elche, Elche, Alicante, Spain
| | - Francisco J. Moreno
- Sports Research Centre, Department of Sport Sciences, Miguel Hernández University of Elche, Elche, Alicante, Spain
- * E-mail:
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15
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Effects on Strength, Power and Speed Execution Using Exercise Balls, Semi-Sphere Balance Balls and Suspension Training Devices: A Systematic Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18031026. [PMID: 33498957 PMCID: PMC7908215 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18031026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Research in instability has focused on the analysis of muscle activation. The aim of this systematic review was to analyse the effects of unstable devices on speed, strength and muscle power measurements administered in the form of controlled trials to healthy individuals in adulthood. A computerized systematic literature search was performed through electronic databases. According to the criteria for preparing systematic reviews PRISMA, nine studies met the inclusion criteria. The quality of the selected studies was evaluated using STROBE. The average score was 14.3 points, and the highest scores were located in ‘Introduction’ (100%) and ‘Discussion’ (80%). There is great heterogeneity in terms of performance variables. However, instability seems to affect these variables negatively. The strength variable was affected to a greater degree, but with intensities near to the 1RM, no differences are observed. As for power, a greater number of repetitions seems to benefit the production of this variable in instability in the upper limb. Instability, in comparison to a stable condition, decreases the parameters of strength, power, and muscular speed in adults. The differences shown are quite significant in most situations although slight decreases can be seen in certain situations.
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16
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Dowse RA, Secomb JL, Bruton M, Nimphius S. Ankle proprioception, range of motion and drop landing ability differentiates competitive and non-competitive surfers. J Sci Med Sport 2021; 24:609-613. [PMID: 33414023 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2020.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine whether ankle proprioception differs by competitive level and is related to years of surf-specific experience. A secondary objective of this study is to further compare the physical capacities and abilities that may differentiate between the competitive levels of surfing. DESIGN Cross-sectional. METHODS Twelve junior-elite (currently competing at a state level or higher and 12-18 years of age), twelve senior-elite (currently competing at a national level and/or the World Qualifying Series and over 16 years of age), and twelve recreational surfers (minimum of two years surfing experience; actively surfing at least once a week and over 18 years of age) were recruited for this study. All participants completed a pre-exercise medical questionnaire, anthropometric assessment, ankle dorsiflexion range of motion assessment, medial-lateral ankle proprioception assessment, countermovement jump, squat jump, isometric mid-thigh pull and drop-and-stick. RESULTS Senior-elite surfers had large and significantly better ankle proprioception and range of motion than junior-elite and recreational surfers. However, the relationship between years of surf-specific experience and ankle proprioception was small and non-significant. Better drop-and-stick performance, indicated by lower relative peak force, was present in the senior-elite compared to the junior-elite and recreational groups. CONCLUSIONS The results indicate that medial-lateral ankle proprioception is a distinguishing characteristic of senior-elite surfers and therefore, may be a critical ability for competitive success. Greater ankle range of motion and the ability to attenuate energy to reduce landing force may be developed through long-term training commensurate with competitive surfing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca A Dowse
- Surfing Australia High Performance Centre, Australia; School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Australia.
| | - Josh L Secomb
- Surfing Australia High Performance Centre, Australia; School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Australia
| | - Michaela Bruton
- School of Exercise Science, Australian Catholic University, Australia
| | - Sophia Nimphius
- Surfing Australia High Performance Centre, Australia; School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Australia
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17
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Kong PW, Tay CS, Pan JW. The Role of Vision in Maintaining Stroke Synchronization in K2 Crew-Boat Kayaking. Front Sports Act Living 2020; 2:569130. [PMID: 33345127 PMCID: PMC7739771 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2020.569130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the role of vision in maintaining stroke synchronization in crew-boat sprint kayaking. Sixteen sprint kayakers from a national team were paired into eight two-seater (K2) crews. Each crew paddled at high intensity with the back paddler's eyes open or closed in a randomized order. Using video analysis, stroke synchronization was quantified by the timing offsets between the front and back paddlers at four key positions of the stroke. All crews could paddle continuously without capsize or stopping under both visual conditions. In the absence of vision, neither 200-m performance time (p = 0.23, d = 0.47, small effect size) nor stroke rate (p = 0.41, d = 0.31, small effect size) was severely affected. There were no significant effects of vision on stroke synchronization offsets between the front and back paddlers across all key positions (all p > 0.05). Highly skilled paddlers likely relied on the kinesthetic perception to maintain the boat synchronization when visual information was not available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pui Wah Kong
- Physical Education and Sports Science Academic Group, National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.,Office of Graduate Studies and Professional Learning, National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Cheryl Sihui Tay
- Physical Education and Sports Science Academic Group, National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jing Wen Pan
- Physical Education and Sports Science Academic Group, National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
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18
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Gonçalves C, Bezerra P, Clemente FM, Vila-Chã C, Leão C, Brandão A, Cancela JM. Effect of Instability and Bodyweight Neuromuscular Training on Dynamic Balance Control in Active Young Adults. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E8879. [PMID: 33260357 PMCID: PMC7729812 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17238879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The aims of this study were to analyse the effects of unstable and stable bodyweight neuromuscular training on dynamic balance control and to analyse the between-group differences after the training period. Seventy-seven physically active young adults (48 males, 29 females, 19.1 ± 1.1 years, 170.2 ± 9.2 cm, 64.1 ± 10.7 kg) were distributed into an unstable training group (UTG), a stable training group (STG), and a control group (CG). Training was conducted three times a week for nine weeks. Pre-intervention and post-intervention measures included dynamic balance control using a Y Balance Test (YBT), anterior (A), posteromedial (PM), and posterolateral (PL) reach direction. A mixed ANOVA was executed to test the within-subjects factor and the between-subjects factor. Statistically significant differences were found for all YBT measures within groups (p = 0.01) and between groups (p = 0.01). After the intervention, UTG and STG presented meaningfully improved results in all YBT measures (A: 7%, p = 0.01; 4%, p = 0.02, PM: 8%, p = 0.01; 5%, p = 0.01, PL: 8%, p = 0.01; 4%, p = 0.04, respectively). No statistical changes were found for any of the measures in the CG. After the intervention, significant differences were observed between the UTG and CG for the YBTA and PM (p = 0.03; p = 0.01). The results suggest that neuromuscular training using an unstable surface had similar effects on dynamic balance control as training using a stable surface. When compared to CG, UTG showed better performance in YBTA and PM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Gonçalves
- Faculty of Education and Sport Sciences, University of Vigo, Campus A Xunqueira, Pontevedra, 36005 Pontevedra, Spain;
- Escola Superior Desporto e Lazer, Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo, Rua Escola Industrial e Comercial de Nun’Álvares, 4900-347 Viana do Castelo, Portugal; (P.B.); (F.M.C.); (C.L.); (A.B.)
| | - Pedro Bezerra
- Escola Superior Desporto e Lazer, Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo, Rua Escola Industrial e Comercial de Nun’Álvares, 4900-347 Viana do Castelo, Portugal; (P.B.); (F.M.C.); (C.L.); (A.B.)
- Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences & Human Development, CIDESD, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal;
| | - Filipe Manuel Clemente
- Escola Superior Desporto e Lazer, Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo, Rua Escola Industrial e Comercial de Nun’Álvares, 4900-347 Viana do Castelo, Portugal; (P.B.); (F.M.C.); (C.L.); (A.B.)
- Instituto de Telecomunicações, Delegação da Covilhã, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Carolina Vila-Chã
- Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences & Human Development, CIDESD, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal;
- Instituto Politécnico da Guarda, 6300-559 Guarda, Portugal
| | - Cesar Leão
- Escola Superior Desporto e Lazer, Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo, Rua Escola Industrial e Comercial de Nun’Álvares, 4900-347 Viana do Castelo, Portugal; (P.B.); (F.M.C.); (C.L.); (A.B.)
| | - António Brandão
- Escola Superior Desporto e Lazer, Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo, Rua Escola Industrial e Comercial de Nun’Álvares, 4900-347 Viana do Castelo, Portugal; (P.B.); (F.M.C.); (C.L.); (A.B.)
| | - Jose M. Cancela
- Faculty of Education and Sport Sciences, University of Vigo, Campus A Xunqueira, Pontevedra, 36005 Pontevedra, Spain;
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19
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Borzucka D, Kręcisz K, Rektor Z, Kuczyński M. Differences in static postural control between top level male volleyball players and non-athletes. Sci Rep 2020; 10:19334. [PMID: 33168913 PMCID: PMC7653955 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-76390-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
It is argued that elite athletes often demonstrate superior body balance. Despite the apparent significance of perfect balance ability in volleyball, little is known about the specific nature of postural control adjustments among first-rate volleyball competitors. This study compared postural performance and strategies in quiet stance between world vice-champions and young, healthy, physically active male subjects. The center-of-pressure (COP) signals recorded on a force plate were used to compute several measures of sway. In both axes of movement, athletes had lower COP range, but not its standard deviation and higher COP speed and frequency than controls. These findings indicate that postural regulation in athletes was more precise and less vulnerable to external disturbances which support optimal timing and precision of actions. Postural strategies in athletes standing quietly were similar to those exhibited by non-athletes performing dual tasks. It demonstrates a significant effect of sport practice on changes in postural control. In anterior–posterior axis, athletes displayed a much higher COP fractal dimension and surprisingly lower COP–COG frequency than controls. This accounts for their high capacity to use diversified postural strategies to maintain postural stability and significantly reduced the contribution of proprioception to save this function for carrying out more challenging posture-motor tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Borzucka
- Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Opole University of Technology, ul. Prószkowska 76, 45-758, Opole, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Kręcisz
- Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Opole University of Technology, ul. Prószkowska 76, 45-758, Opole, Poland.
| | - Zbigniew Rektor
- Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Opole University of Technology, ul. Prószkowska 76, 45-758, Opole, Poland
| | - Michał Kuczyński
- Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Opole University of Technology, ul. Prószkowska 76, 45-758, Opole, Poland.,Faculty of Physiotherapy, University School of Physical Education in Wroclaw, Al. I.J. Paderewskiego 35, 51-612, Wrocław, Poland
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20
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Caballero C, Barbado D, Urbán T, García-Herrero JA, Moreno FJ. Functional Variability in Team-Handball Players during Balance Is Revealed by Non-Linear Measures and Is Related to Age and Expertise Level. ENTROPY 2020; 22:e22080822. [PMID: 33286592 PMCID: PMC7517406 DOI: 10.3390/e22080822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Postural control is considered a key variable in team sports, such as handball, which require abilities strongly related to balance. However, postural control and its relationship to the performance of handball skills according to the players’ skill level and age has not been evaluated to date. This study analyzes the relationship between balance ability and team-handball performance according to age and expertise, applying a non-linear approach to balance assessment. Postural control from 114 male team-handball players was analyzed through the center of pressure (COP) during a balance task. Sport performance was measured by the accuracy and speed in throwing. Expert players threw faster, but not more accurately than recreational players. Balance performance was better for 18+ players (older than 18 years old) than those U12 (under 12 years old), but no differences were found according to their skill level. Players who threw with less accuracy showed slower COP velocity during the balance task and their moves were less irregular. Players who threw faster displayed more irregular and less auto-correlated COP movements. In conclusion, experienced team-handball players exhibited better balance performance, and this seems to be related to the maturation of the motor system more than to sport performance level. Nevertheless, non-linear measures of COP excursion revealed an exploratory behavior during balance in expert players, exhibiting more motion adjustments to reduce motor output error. Traditional variables measuring balance performance did not show sensitivity to this motor control process. A non-linear approach to balance assessment revealed functional variability during balance as an intrinsic characteristic of individuals’ motor control according to age and skill level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Caballero
- Department of Sport Sciences, Sport Research Center, Miguel Hernandez University of Elche, 03202 Elche, Spain; (C.C.); (D.B.); (T.U.)
| | - David Barbado
- Department of Sport Sciences, Sport Research Center, Miguel Hernandez University of Elche, 03202 Elche, Spain; (C.C.); (D.B.); (T.U.)
| | - Tomás Urbán
- Department of Sport Sciences, Sport Research Center, Miguel Hernandez University of Elche, 03202 Elche, Spain; (C.C.); (D.B.); (T.U.)
| | - Juan Antonio García-Herrero
- Department of Didactics of Musical, Plastic and Corporal Expression, Faculty of Education, University of Salamanca, 37008 Salamanca, Spain;
| | - Francisco J. Moreno
- Department of Sport Sciences, Sport Research Center, Miguel Hernandez University of Elche, 03202 Elche, Spain; (C.C.); (D.B.); (T.U.)
- Correspondence:
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21
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Jadczak Ł, Grygorowicz M, Dzudziński W, Śliwowski R. Comparison of Static and Dynamic Balance at Different Levels of Sport Competition in Professional and Junior Elite Soccer Players. J Strength Cond Res 2020; 33:3384-3391. [PMID: 29652679 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000002476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Jadczak, Ł, Grygorowicz, M, Dzudziński, W, and Śliwowski, R. Comparison of static and dynamic balance at different levels of sport competition in professional and junior elite soccer players. J Strength Cond Res 33(12): 3384-3391, 2019-The purpose of this study was to compare body balance control and balance recovery strategies of professional football players, representing various sports levels in static (eyes open, eyes closed) and dynamic conditions, both on the dominant and nondominant leg. Three groups of professional and junior elite soccer players were investigated: a PRO group (n = 52), a U-21 group (n = 55), and a U-19 group (n = 47). The study of body balance control was performed using a Delos Postural Proprioceptive System measurement tool. The analysis of the results showed an effect of group (p < 0.01) and leg significance (p < 0.95) in the dynamic test. Three-way analysis of variance (3 [group] × 2 [leg] × 2 [eyes]) of static test data showed that the main effect of eyes (p < 0.0001), group (p < 0.0001), and leg (p = 0.0092) and the 2-way interaction of eyes × group (p = 0.0003) were significant. To represent statistical significance, the cutoff value was set to be p ≤ 0.005 for all measures. Our results indicate the importance of evaluation and monitoring of dynamic and static balance on both legs, which allows for a comprehensive comparison of body balance control and the balance recovery strategy depending on the represented sport level. Our study indicates that the higher the sport level of football players (the PRO group), the better their balance, which may indirectly contribute to the prevention of injuries and more effective performance of any actions directly related to the game.
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Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz Jadczak
- Department of Team Sports Games, University School of Physical Education, Poznań, Poland
| | - Monika Grygorowicz
- Research and Development Department, Rehasport Clinic, FIFA Medical Center of Excellence, Poznań, Poland
| | | | - Robert Śliwowski
- Department of Team Sports Games, University School of Physical Education, Poznań, Poland
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22
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Forsyth JR, Riddiford-Harland DL, Whitting JW, Sheppard JM, Steele JR. Essential Skills for Superior Wave-Riding Performance: A Systematic Review. J Strength Cond Res 2019; 34:3003-3011. [DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000003402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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23
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Rzepko M, Drozd S, Żegleń P, Król P, Bajorek W, Czarny W. The Effect of Training Experience on Postural Control in Competitive Wrestlers. J Hum Kinet 2019; 70:39-45. [PMID: 31915474 PMCID: PMC6942471 DOI: 10.2478/hukin-2019-0048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of training experience in wrestling on postural control. Fourteen elite athletes with at least 8 years of wrestling training and competition experience participated in the study. The control group consisted of fifteen healthy adults who were not competitive athletes. The center of pressure (COP) trajectories were recorded with the use of an AMTI force plate at a sampling frequency of 50 Hz. The rambling-trembling decomposition method was used to analyze the COP trajectory data. The main finding was a significant effect of training experience on postural control in only the sagittal plane. Interestingly, significant differences in velocity were observed for the trembling component of the COP. All described variables were significantly higher in wrestlers. We hypothesized that balance training may lead to task-specific neural adaptations at the spinal and supraspinal levels. It was concluded that further research of high methodological quality is needed to determine the effect of training experience on balance control in elite athletes. Additionally, this effect should be observed in youth athletes, as it may be treated as a selection criteria in the training process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marian Rzepko
- Faculty of Physical Education, University of Rzeszów, RzeszówPoland
| | - Sławomir Drozd
- Faculty of Physical Education, University of Rzeszów, RzeszówPoland
| | - Patrycja Żegleń
- Faculty of Physical Education, University of Rzeszów, RzeszówPoland
| | - Paweł Król
- Faculty of Physical Education, University of Rzeszów, RzeszówPoland
| | - Wojciech Bajorek
- Faculty of Physical Education, University of Rzeszów, RzeszówPoland
| | - Wojciech Czarny
- Faculty of Physical Education, University of Rzeszów, RzeszówPoland
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Paillard T. Relationship Between Sport Expertise and Postural Skills. Front Psychol 2019; 10:1428. [PMID: 31293483 PMCID: PMC6603331 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The review addresses the relationship between sport expertise (i.e., sport competition level), postural performance (amount of motion of the center of mass/of pressure of foot or ability to preserve body balance), and postural strategy (geometric organization of different body segments as well as neurobiological involvement of organism). Since the conditions of postural evaluation are likely to influence results, the aim is to compare athletes at different competition levels in ecological postural conditions (specific postural conditions related to the sport practiced) and non-ecological postural conditions (decontextualized postural conditions in relation to the sport practiced). Evidence suggests that the most successful athletes in terms of sport competition level have the best postural performance both in ecological and non-ecological postural conditions. However, in non-ecological conditions, the postural tasks should be preferentially challenging or relatively close to the sport practice stance. Moreover, the most successful athletes also have more elaborate postural strategies compared with athletes at lower competition level. Mechanistic explanations as well as conceptual models are proposed to explain the role of different factors influencing the relationship between sport expertise and postural performance and strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thierry Paillard
- Laboratoire Mouvement, Equilibre, Performance et Santé (UPRES EA 4445), Département STAPS, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, Tarbes, France
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Olivier A, Viseu JP, Vignais N, Vuillerme N. Balance control during stance - A comparison between horseback riding athletes and non-athletes. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0211834. [PMID: 30721260 PMCID: PMC6363218 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0211834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Horseback riding requires the ability to adapt to changes in balance conditions, to maintain equilibrium on the horse and to prevent falls. Postural adaptation involves specific sensorimotor processes integrating visual information and somesthesic information. The objective of this study was to examine this multisensorial integration on postural control, especially the use of visual and plantar information in static (stable) and dynamic (unstable) postures, among a group of expert horse rider women (n = 10) and a group of non-athlete women (n = 12). Postural control was evaluated through the center of pressure measured with a force platform on stable and unstable supports, with the eyes open and the eyes closed, and with the presence of foam on the support or not. Results showed that expert horse rider women had a better postural stability with unstable support in the mediolateral axis compared to non-athletes. Moreover, on the anteroposterior axis, expert horse riders were less visual dependent and more stable in the presence of foam. Results suggested that horseback riding could help developing particular proprioceptive abilities on standing posture as well as better postural muscle tone during particular bipodal dynamic perturbations. These outcomes provide new insights into horseback riding assets and methodological clues to assess the impact of sport practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnès Olivier
- CIAMS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
- CIAMS, Université d'Orléans, Orléans, France
- Groupe Voltaire—Forestier Sellier, Bidart, France
| | - Jean-Philippe Viseu
- CIAMS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
- CIAMS, Université d'Orléans, Orléans, France
| | - Nicolas Vignais
- CIAMS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
- CIAMS, Université d'Orléans, Orléans, France
| | - Nicolas Vuillerme
- AGEIS, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
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Silva B, Clemente FM. Physical performance characteristics between male and female youth surfing athletes. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2017; 59:171-178. [PMID: 29111631 DOI: 10.23736/s0022-4707.17.08036-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite some knowledge about the fitness levels of elite surfers, there is limited published research examining gender differences, particularly in young athletes. The purpose of this study was to describe and compare the sex differences in physical performance characteristics of elite youth surfers. It was also aimed to study the association between physical performance variables. METHODS This longitudinal prospective study was based on a total of twenty male and female youth surfers who performed a battery of physical performance tests: anthropometrics, weight-bearing dorsiflexion test, Functional Movement Screen, lower extremity dynamic stability, lower limb dynamic strength, paddling and apnea test. The magnitude of differences between male and female surfers was tested and also the percentage of difference between performances. RESULTS When testing the correlation between the anthropometric and physical fitness variables and between performance variables, males and females presented specific intra sex results that should be interpreted by surf coaches. CONCLUSIONS Concerning better performance, working with young surfing athletes body composition have to be managed and the development of lower limb dynamic strength, especially for girl younger surfers. Supplementary it seems that Star Excursion Balance Test when compared bilaterally, can be a time efficiency indicator of the influence of surf training on the magnitude of lower limb asymmetry and postural control. In this way, surf coaches working with young athletes can implement appropriate and adjust training interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Silva
- Sports and Leizure School, Viana do Castelo Polytechnic Institute, Viana do Castelo, Portugal - .,Surfing Viana High Performance Center, Viana do Castelo, Portugal - .,Faculty of Education and Sport Sciences, University of Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain -
| | - Filipe M Clemente
- Sports and Leizure School, Viana do Castelo Polytechnic Institute, Viana do Castelo, Portugal.,Institute of Telecommunications, Department of Covilhã, Covilhã, Portugal
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Isableu B, Hlavackova P, Diot B, Vuillerme N. Regularity of Center of Pressure Trajectories in Expert Gymnasts during Bipedal Closed-Eyes Quiet Standing. Front Hum Neurosci 2017; 11:317. [PMID: 28676748 PMCID: PMC5476688 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2017.00317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
We compared postural control of expert gymnasts (G) to that of non-gymnasts (NG) during bipedal closed-eyes quiet standing using conventional and nonlinear dynamical measures of center of foot pressure (COP) trajectories. Earlier findings based on COP classical variables showed that gymnasts exhibited a better control of postural balance but only in demanding stances. We examined whether the effect of expertise in Gymnastic can be uncovered in less demanding stances, from the analysis of the dynamic patterns of COP trajectories. Three dependent variables were computed to describe the subject's postural behavior: the variability of COP displacements (ACoP), the variability of the COP velocities (VCoP) and the sample entropy of COP (SEnCoP) to quantify COP regularity (i.e., predictability). Conventional analysis of COP trajectories showed that NG and G exhibited similar amount and control of postural sway, as indicated by similar ACoP and VCoP values observed in NG and G, respectively. These results suggest that the specialized balance training received by G may not transfer to less challenging balance conditions such as the bipedal eyes-closed stance condition used in the present experiment. Interestingly, nonlinear dynamical analysis of COP trajectories regarding COP regularity showed that G exhibited more irregular COP fluctuations relative to NG, as indicated by the higher SEnCoP values observed for the G than for the NG. The present results showed that a finer-grained analysis of the dynamic patterns of the COP displacements is required to uncover an effect of gymnastic expertise on postural control in nondemanding postural stance. The present findings shed light on the surplus value in the nonlinear dynamical analysis of COP trajectories to gain further insight into the mechanisms involved in the control of bipedal posture.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Petra Hlavackova
- Équipe d'Accueil Autonomy, Gerontology, E-health, Imaging & Society, Université Grenoble-AlpesGrenoble, France.,Grenoble Alpes University HospitalGrenoble, France
| | - Bruno Diot
- Équipe d'Accueil Autonomy, Gerontology, E-health, Imaging & Society, Université Grenoble-AlpesGrenoble, France.,Informatique de SécuritéMontceau-les-Mines, France
| | - Nicolas Vuillerme
- Équipe d'Accueil Autonomy, Gerontology, E-health, Imaging & Society, Université Grenoble-AlpesGrenoble, France.,Institut Universitaire de FranceParis, France
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Mittermaier C, Schindler M, Loader B, Waldhoer T, Ambrozy C, Crevenna R, Pieber K. Unique approach to sensorimotor training with a new device combining air cushion with stochastic translations-A prospective randomized controlled clinical trial. Gait Posture 2017; 52:153-158. [PMID: 27914309 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2016.11.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Revised: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Sensorimotor training with a wide variety of available devices represents an important component in rehabilitation and prevention of different sports injuries and chronic diseases. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of a sensorimotor training with a newly developed device, which consists of an instable platform moving on an air cushion, providing dynamic balance training by tilting and unanticipated stochastic translations on postural control. Seventy-two healthy young subjects were included in this prospective, randomized, controlled, and observer-blinded study. Balance was objectively assessed by posturography and Functional Reach Test (FRT). Additionally we evaluated the subjective rating of balance. After randomization the sensorimotor training group performed a training program on the new device over a 5-6 week study period. After this time improvement in objective and subjective measurements as a result of training became evident. A significant difference in challenging posturographic parameters (Sensory Organization Test 5: training group 5.32±5.25 vs. control group 1.78±5.05, p=0.006 and Head Shake Sensory Organization Test 5: training group 11.94±8.97 vs. control group 5.41±10.17, p=0.01) as well as a significant difference in the FRT (training group 3.34±3.35cm vs. control group 0.01±2.97cm, p=0.0001) was found. Subjective assessment revealed a significant improvement in the participants' rating of balance and alteration of balance. Subjects showed a high satisfaction with the new training device. Our findings suggest that the newly developed device could be a promising option for sensorimotor training to improve postural control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Mittermaier
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Institute of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Kepler University Hospital, Linz, Austria
| | - Maximilian Schindler
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Benjamin Loader
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Waldhoer
- Department of Epidemiology, Center of Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Clemens Ambrozy
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Richard Crevenna
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Karin Pieber
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Medical University of Vienna, Austria.
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Olivier A, Faugloire E, Lejeune L, Biau S, Isableu B. Head Stability and Head-Trunk Coordination in Horseback Riders: The Contribution of Visual Information According to Expertise. Front Hum Neurosci 2017; 11:11. [PMID: 28194100 PMCID: PMC5277006 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2017.00011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Maintaining equilibrium while riding a horse is a challenging task that involves complex sensorimotor processes. We evaluated the relative contribution of visual information (static or dynamic) to horseback riders' postural stability (measured from the variability of segment position in space) and the coordination modes they adopted to regulate balance according to their level of expertise. Riders' perceptual typologies and their possible relation to postural stability were also assessed. Our main assumption was that the contribution of visual information to postural control would be reduced among expert riders in favor of vestibular and somesthetic reliance. Twelve Professional riders and 13 Club riders rode an equestrian simulator at a gallop under four visual conditions: (1) with the projection of a simulated scene reproducing what a rider sees in the real context of a ride in an outdoor arena, (2) under stroboscopic illumination, preventing access to dynamic visual cues, (3) in normal lighting but without the projected scene (i.e., without the visual consequences of displacement) and (4) with no visual cues. The variability of the position of the head, upper trunk and lower trunk was measured along the anteroposterior (AP), mediolateral (ML), and vertical (V) axes. We computed discrete relative phase to assess the coordination between pairs of segments in the anteroposterior axis. Visual field dependence-independence was evaluated using the Rod and Frame Test (RFT). The results showed that the Professional riders exhibited greater overall postural stability than the Club riders, revealed mainly in the AP axis. In particular, head variability was lower in the Professional riders than in the Club riders in visually altered conditions, suggesting a greater ability to use vestibular and somesthetic information according to task constraints with expertise. In accordance with this result, RFT perceptual scores revealed that the Professional riders were less dependent on the visual field than were the Club riders. Finally, the Professional riders exhibited specific coordination modes that, unlike the Club riders, departed from pure in-phase and anti-phase patterns and depended on visual conditions. The present findings provide evidence of major differences in the sensorimotor processes contributing to postural control with expertise in horseback riding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnès Olivier
- CIAMS, Univ Paris-Sud, Université Paris-SaclayOrsay, France; CIAMS, Université d'OrléansOrléans, France; Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, CESAMSCaen, France
| | | | | | - Sophie Biau
- ENE, Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation Saumur, France
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Paillard T. Plasticity of the postural function to sport and/or motor experience. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2017; 72:129-152. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Revised: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Bazanella NV, Garrett JGZD, Gomes ARS, Novack LF, Osiecki R, Korelo RIG. Associação entre dor lombar e aspectos cinético-funcionais em surfistas: incapacidade, funcionalidade, flexibilidade, amplitude de movimento e ângulo da coluna torácica e lombar. FISIOTERAPIA E PESQUISA 2016. [DOI: 10.1590/1809-2950/16168723042016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
RESUMO Embora a prática do surf possa contribuir para o aparecimento de dor lombar crônica, ainda não está totalmente esclarecido se a lombalgia está associada a alterações cinético-funcionais. Assim, investigou-se a associação entre a presença de dor lombar com aspectos cinético-funcionais em surfistas com diferentes tempos de prática. Participaram deste estudo observacional de corte transversal 66 surfistas do litoral do Paraná. Os participantes foram alocados em três grupos, conforme o tempo de prática esportiva em anos: G1 (até 4,9 anos), G2 (de 5 a 9,9 anos) e G3 (acima de 10 anos de prática). Foram avaliados: índice de massa corporal, nível de atividade física, presença de dor lombar, intensidade e periodicidade da dor, incapacidade lombar, funcionalidade lombar, flexibilidade lombar, amplitude de movimento lombar, e ângulo torácico e lombar. Para a análise da associação entre os aspectos cinético-funcionais e a dor lombar foram utilizados o teste qui-quadrado de Pearson para dados categóricos e ANOVA com post hoc de Bonferroni (p<0,05) para dados nominais. O maior tempo de prática esportiva (G3) revelou associação com a presença (p=0,05) e maior intensidade da dor lombar (p=0,01). O grupo que praticava o esporte entre 5 a 9,9 anos (G2) apresentou maior ângulo lombar (p=0,04). Conclui-se que a presença da dor lombar crônica em surfistas apresentou associação com a intensidade da dor, o ângulo da coluna lombar e o tempo de prática de surf.
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Schram B, Hing W, Climstein M. The physiological, musculoskeletal and psychological effects of stand up paddle boarding. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil 2016; 8:32. [PMID: 27766157 PMCID: PMC5057214 DOI: 10.1186/s13102-016-0057-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Background Stand up paddle boarding (SUP) is a rapidly growing sport and recreational activity where anecdotal evidence exists for its proposed health, fitness and injury rehabilitation benefits. While limited scientific evidence exists to substantiate these claims, previous studies have shown that high levels of fitness, strength and balance exists amongst participants of this sport. The purpose of this study was to conduct a training intervention on a group of previously untrained individuals to ascertain the potential of SUP on various health parameters. Methods An intervention study was conducted where after being tested initially, subjects were left for 6 weeks to act as their own control before the SUP intervention began. A total of 13 SUP participants completed the training study (nine males, four females) which was comprised of three 1 h sessions per week for 6 weeks. Results No significant changes occurred during the initial control period. Significant (P < 0.05) improvements were made in aerobic (+23.57 %) and anaerobic fitness (+41.98 %), multidirectional core strength tests (prone +19.78 %, right side +26.19 %, left side +28.31 %, Biering Sorensen +21.33 %) and self-rated quality of life questionnaires in the physical (+19.99 %) and psychological (+17.49 %) domains. No significant changes were detected in static or dynamic balance over the duration of the training intervention. Conclusion These results demonstrate the cardiovascular, musculoskeletal and psychological improvements achievable for the novice when utilizing SUP as a training tool. The result from this study provides some evidence to substantiate the claims of health and fitness benefits SUP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Schram
- School of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Science & Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, QLD 4229 Australia ; Water Based Research Unit, Bond Institute of Health and Sport, Faculty of Health Science & Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, QLD 4229 Australia
| | - Wayne Hing
- School of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Science & Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, QLD 4229 Australia ; Water Based Research Unit, Bond Institute of Health and Sport, Faculty of Health Science & Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, QLD 4229 Australia
| | - Mike Climstein
- Water Based Research Unit, Bond Institute of Health and Sport, Faculty of Health Science & Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, QLD 4229 Australia ; Exercise, Health & Performance Faculty Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, the University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW Australia
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Maitre J, Paillard T. Postural Effects of Vestibular Manipulation Depend on the Physical Activity Status. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0162966. [PMID: 27627441 PMCID: PMC5023127 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0162966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of galvanic vestibular stimulation (GVS) on postural control for participants of different physical activity status (i.e. active and non-active). Two groups of participants were recruited: one group of participants who regularly practised sports activities (active group, n = 17), and one group of participants who did not practise physical and/or sports activities (non-active group, n = 17). They were compared in a reference condition (i.e bipedal stance with eyes open) and four vestibular manipulation condition (i.e. GVS at 0.5 mA and 3 mA, in accordance with two designs) lasting 20 seconds. The centre of foot pressure displacement velocities were compared between the two groups. The main results indicate that the regular practice of sports activities counteracts postural control disruption caused by GVS. The active group demonstrated better postural control than the non-active group when subjected to higher vestibular manipulation. The active group may have developed their ability to reduce the influence of inaccurate vestibular signals. The active participants could identify the relevant sensory input, thought a better central integration, which enables them to switch faster between sensory inputs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Maitre
- Laboratoire Mouvement, Equilibre, Performance et Santé, EA 4445, Université de Pau et des Pays de l’Adour, Département STAPS, Tarbes, France
| | - Thierry Paillard
- Laboratoire Mouvement, Equilibre, Performance et Santé, EA 4445, Université de Pau et des Pays de l’Adour, Département STAPS, Tarbes, France
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Maitre J, Paillard TP. Influence of the Plantar Cutaneous Information in Postural Regulation Depending on the Age and the Physical Activity Status. Front Hum Neurosci 2016; 10:409. [PMID: 27582699 PMCID: PMC4987371 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2016.00409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim was to compare the balance control adaptation to different supporting surfaces depending on the age and the physical activity status. The balance control of two groups of young (n = 17) and old (n = 17) participants who practiced regular physical activity (active groups) and two groups of young (n = 17) and old (n = 17) participants who did not practice physical activity (non-active groups) was compared on a firm surface and on a foam surface. The parameters of the center of foot pressure (COP) displacement were compared between the groups. The two older groups were more disturbed than the two younger groups when they stood on a foam surface and there was no difference between active and non-active groups. This result may be linked to the structural and functional involutions of the plantar cutaneous sole and foot that occur with age advancement. The participants' physical activity practice might be not specific enough to generate a more efficient postural adaption to the foam condition for the active groups than the non-active groups within their respective age groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Maitre
- Laboratoire Mouvement Equilibre, Performance et Santé, EA 4445, Département Sciences et Techniques des Activités Physiques et Sportives (STAPS), Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour Tarbes, France
| | - Thierry P Paillard
- Laboratoire Mouvement Equilibre, Performance et Santé, EA 4445, Département Sciences et Techniques des Activités Physiques et Sportives (STAPS), Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour Tarbes, France
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Redd MJ, Fukuda DH. Utilization of Time Motion Analysis in the Development of Training Programs for Surfing Athletes. Strength Cond J 2016. [DOI: 10.1519/ssc.0000000000000243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Pre-pubertal males practising Taekwondo exhibit favourable postural and neuromuscular performance. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil 2016; 8:16. [PMID: 27274848 PMCID: PMC4893255 DOI: 10.1186/s13102-016-0040-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Background The postural and neuromuscular performances in healthy children taekwondo (TKD) practitioners in comparison with control children were examined. Methods Seventeen healthy pre-pubertal males undertaking only physical education at school (age: 11.88 ± 0.33 years) and 12 pre-pubertal male TKD practitioners (>3 years, 4 sessions a week) (age 11.66 ± 0.49 years) were recruited. Performances in the dynamic postural control (Star Excursion Balance Test -SEBT), vertical jump [squat jump (SJ) and countermovement jump (CMJ)] and sprint running (distances: 5, 10, 20 and 30 m) tests were compared between the two groups. Results The performances of the TKD practitioners were better than those of the non-TKD active for the SEBT (for 14 of 16 conditions, p < 0.05), SJ (p < 0.01), CMJ (p < 0.03) sprint running (5 m, p < 0.01; 10 m, p < 0.04; the performances for the 20 and 30 m sprints were not significant, p > 0.05). Conclusions TKD practice would stimulate sensory input and motor output of the postural system that would enhance its efficiency. In addition, the dynamic nature of TKD would develop the muscle power of the lower limbs. In our sample of healthy pre-pubertal males, TKD appears to improve postural and neuromuscular functions, but further research is required. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13102-016-0040-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Development and Evaluation of a Drop-and-Stick Method to Assess Landing Skills in Various Levels of Competitive Surfers. Int J Sports Physiol Perform 2015; 10:396-400. [DOI: 10.1123/ijspp.2014-0375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to develop and evaluate a drop-and-stick (DS) test method and to assess dynamic postural control in senior elite (SE), junior elite (JE), and junior development (JD) surfers. Nine SE, 22 JE, and 17 JD competitive surfers participated in a single testing session. The athletes completed 5 drop-and-stick trials barefoot from a predetermined box height (0.5 m). The lowest and highest time-to-stabilization (TTS) trials were discarded, and the average of the remaining trials was used for analysis. The SE group demonstrated excellent single-measures repeatability (ICC = .90) for TTS, whereas the JE and JD demonstrated good single-measures repeatability (ICC .82 and .88, respectively). In regard to relative peak landing force (rPLF), SE demonstrated poor single-measures reliability compared with JE and JD groups. Furthermore, TTS for the SE (0.69 ± 0.13 s) group was significantly (P = .04) lower than the JD (0.85 ± 0.25 s). There were no significant (P = .41) differences in the TTS between SE (0.69 ± 0.13 s) and JE (0.75 ± 0.16 s) groups or between the JE and JD groups (P = .09). rPLF for the SE (2.7 ± 0.4 body mass; BM) group was significantly lower than the JE (3.8 ± 1.3 BM) and JD (4.0 ± 1.1 BM), with no significant (P = .63) difference between the JE and JD groups. A possible benchmark approach for practitioners would be to use TTS and rPLF as a qualitative measure of dynamic postural control using a reference scale to discriminate among groups.
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Callewaert M, Boone J, Celie B, De Clercq D, Bourgois JG. Indicators of sailing performance in youth dinghy sailing. Eur J Sport Sci 2014; 15:213-9. [PMID: 24720497 DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2014.905984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to determine indicators of sailing performance in 2 (age) groups of youth sailors by investigating the anthropometric, physical and motor coordination differences and factors discriminating between elite and non-elite male optimist sailors and young dynamic hikers. Anthropometric measurements from 23 optimist sailors (mean ± SD age = 12.3 ± 1.4 years) and 24 dynamic youth hikers (i.e. Laser 4.7, Laser radial and Europe sailors <18 years who have to sail the boat in a very dynamic manner, due to a high sailor to yacht weight ratio) (mean ± SD age = 16.5 ± 1.6 years) were conducted. They performed a physical fitness test battery (EUROFIT), motor coordination test battery (Körperkoordinationstest für Kinder) and the Bucket test. Both groups of sailors were divided into two subgroups (i.e. elites and non-elites) based on sailing expertise. The significant differences, taking biological maturation into account and factors discriminating between elite and non-elite optimist sailors and dynamic hikers were explored by means of multivariate analysis of covariance and discriminant analysis, respectively. The main results indicated that 100.0% of elite optimist sailors and 88.9% of elite dynamic hikers could be correctly classified by means of two motor coordination tests (i.e. side step and side jump) and Bucket test, respectively. As such, strength- and speed-oriented motor coordination and isometric knee-extension strength endurance can be identified as indicators of sailing performance in young optimist and dynamic youth sailors, respectively. Therefore, we emphasise the importance of motor coordination skill training in optimist sailors (<15 years) and maximum strength training later on (>15 years) in order to increase their isometric knee-extension strength endurance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margot Callewaert
- a Department of Movement and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences , Ghent University , Ghent , Belgium
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A Systematic Review of the Relationship between Physical Activities in Sports or Daily Life and Postural Sway in Upright Stance. Sports Med 2013; 43:1171-89. [DOI: 10.1007/s40279-013-0082-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Gobbi G, Galli D, Carubbi C, Pelosi A, Lillia M, Gatti R, Queirolo V, Costantino C, Vitale M, Saccavini M, Vaccarezza M, Mirandola P. Assessment of body plantar pressure in elite athletes: an observational study. SPORT SCIENCES FOR HEALTH 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s11332-013-0139-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Postural stability of canoeing and kayaking young male athletes during quiet stance. Eur J Appl Physiol 2011; 112:1807-15. [DOI: 10.1007/s00421-011-2151-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2011] [Accepted: 08/25/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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