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Greaves LM, Zaleski KS, Matias AA, Gyampo AO, Giuriato G, Lynch M, Lora B, Tomasi T, Basso E, Finegan E, Schickler J, Venturelli M, DeBlauw JA, Shostak E, Blum OE, Ives SJ. Limb, sex, but not acute dietary capsaicin, modulate the near-infrared spectroscopy-vascular occlusion test estimate of muscle metabolism. Physiol Rep 2024; 12:e15988. [PMID: 38537943 PMCID: PMC10972678 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024] Open
Abstract
The downward slope during the near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS)-vascular occlusion test (NIRS-VOT) is purported as a simplified estimate of metabolism. Whether or not the NIRS-VOT exhibits sex- or limb-specificity or may be acutely altered remains to be elucidated. Thus, we investigated if there is limb- or sex specificity in tissue desaturation rates (DeO2) during a NIRS-VOT, and if acute dietary capsaicin may alter this estimate of muscle metabolism. Young healthy men (n = 25, 21 ± 4 years) and women (n = 20, 20 ± 1 years) ingested either placebo or capsaicin, in a counterbalanced, single-blind, crossover design after which a simplified NIRS-VOT was conducted to determine the DeO2 (%/s), as an estimate of oxidative muscle metabolism, in both the forearm (flexors) and thigh (vastus lateralis). There was a significant limb effect with the quadriceps having a greater DeO2 than the forearm (-2.31 ± 1.34 vs. -1.78 ± 1.22%/s, p = 0.007, ηp 2 = 0.19). There was a significant effect of sex on DeO2 (p = 0.005, ηp 2 = 0.203) with men exhibiting a lesser DeO2 than women (-1.73 ± 1.03 vs. -2.36 ± 1.32%/s, respectively). This manifested in significant interactions of limb*capsaicin (p = 0.001, ηp 2 = 0.26) as well as limb*capsaicin*sex on DeO2 (p = 0.013, ηp 2 = 0.16) being observed. Capsaicin does not clearly alter O2-dependent muscle metabolism, but there was apparent limb and sex specificity, interacting with capsaicin in this NIRS-derived assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren M. Greaves
- Health and Human Physiological Sciences DepartmentSkidmore CollegeSaratoga SpringsNew YorkUSA
| | - Kendall S. Zaleski
- Health and Human Physiological Sciences DepartmentSkidmore CollegeSaratoga SpringsNew YorkUSA
| | - Alexs A. Matias
- Health and Human Physiological Sciences DepartmentSkidmore CollegeSaratoga SpringsNew YorkUSA
- Department of Kinesiology and Applied PhysiologyUniversity of DelawareNewarkDelawareUSA
| | - Abena O. Gyampo
- Health and Human Physiological Sciences DepartmentSkidmore CollegeSaratoga SpringsNew YorkUSA
| | - Gaia Giuriato
- Health and Human Physiological Sciences DepartmentSkidmore CollegeSaratoga SpringsNew YorkUSA
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement SciencesUniversity of VeronaVeronaItaly
| | - Meaghan Lynch
- Health and Human Physiological Sciences DepartmentSkidmore CollegeSaratoga SpringsNew YorkUSA
| | - Brian Lora
- Health and Human Physiological Sciences DepartmentSkidmore CollegeSaratoga SpringsNew YorkUSA
| | - Tawn Tomasi
- Health and Human Physiological Sciences DepartmentSkidmore CollegeSaratoga SpringsNew YorkUSA
| | - Emma Basso
- Health and Human Physiological Sciences DepartmentSkidmore CollegeSaratoga SpringsNew YorkUSA
| | - Emma Finegan
- Health and Human Physiological Sciences DepartmentSkidmore CollegeSaratoga SpringsNew YorkUSA
| | - Jack Schickler
- Health and Human Physiological Sciences DepartmentSkidmore CollegeSaratoga SpringsNew YorkUSA
| | - Massimo Venturelli
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement SciencesUniversity of VeronaVeronaItaly
| | - Justin A. DeBlauw
- Health and Human Physiological Sciences DepartmentSkidmore CollegeSaratoga SpringsNew YorkUSA
| | - Elena Shostak
- Health and Human Physiological Sciences DepartmentSkidmore CollegeSaratoga SpringsNew YorkUSA
| | - Oliver E. Blum
- Health and Human Physiological Sciences DepartmentSkidmore CollegeSaratoga SpringsNew YorkUSA
| | - Stephen J. Ives
- Health and Human Physiological Sciences DepartmentSkidmore CollegeSaratoga SpringsNew YorkUSA
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Sex differences in estimates of cardiac autonomic function using heart rate variability: effects of dietary capsaicin. Eur J Appl Physiol 2023; 123:1041-1050. [PMID: 36633663 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-023-05136-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Heart rate variability (HRV) estimates the autonomic nervous system (ANS) influence on the heart and appears sex-specific. Sensory afferents exhibit sex-specificity; although, it is unknown if Capsaicin, an agonist for transient receptor potential vanilloid channel-1 (TRPV1), alters cardiac ANS activity in a sex-dependent manner, which could be important given the predictive nature of HRV on risk of developing hypertension. Thus, we explored if there was sex-specificity in the effect of capsaicin on estimated cardiac ANS activity. METHODS HRV was measured in 38 young males (M: n = 25) and females (F: n = 13), in a blinded-crossover design, after acute ingestion of placebo or capsaicin. Resting HR, RR-interval, root-mean-square of successive differences (RMSSD), natural log-transformed RMSSD (LnRMSSD), standard deviation of n-n intervals (SDNN), number of pairs of successive n-n intervals differing by > 50 ms (NN50), and percent NN50 (PNN50) were obtained using standard techniques. RESULTS Significant sex differences were observed in mean HR (M: 59 ± 9.3 vs. F: 65 ± 12 beats/min, p = 0.036, η2 = 0.098), minimum HR (M: 47 ± 8.3 vs. F: 56 ± 12 beats/min, p = 0.014, η2 = 0.124), and NN50 (M: 177 ± 143 vs. F: 29 ± 17, p < 0.001, η2 = 0.249). There was a significant interaction of sex*treatment (p = 0.02, η2 = 0.027) for RMSSD, where males increased (78 ± 55 vs. 91 ± 64 ms), and females decreased (105 ± 83 vs. 76 ± 43 ms), placebo vs. capsaicin. CONCLUSION This controlled study recapitulates sex differences in HR and HRV, but revealed a sexual dimorphism in the parasympathetic response to capsaicin, perhaps due to differing TRPV1-afferent sensitivity, highlighting a potential mechanism for differential regulation of hemodynamics, and CVD risk, and should be considered in future studies.
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Does sex influence near-infrared spectroscopy-derived indicators of microvascular reactivity and the response to acute dietary capsaicin. Microvasc Res 2023; 145:104436. [PMID: 36113667 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2022.104436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction is associated with cardiovascular disease development, nitric oxide (NO) deficiencies, and may be limb or sex-specific. Prior in vitro work indicated that the transient receptor potential vanilloid channel-1 (TRPV1) is expressed in human arteries and the TRPV1 agonist capsaicin alters vasodilation in an endothelium-dependent manner; however, it is unknown if this translates in vivo or is limb or sex-dependent. Therefore, we sought to determine if there was limb or sex-specificity in the effect of capsaicin on microvascular function using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS)-derived tissue oxygen saturation (StO2) reperfusion slope. In a blinded placebo-controlled crossover design, 45 young males (M: n = 25) and females (F: n = 20), the reperfusion slopes of the forearm and quadriceps were assessed, and a urine sample obtained to assay for nitrate/nitrite (NOx) concentrations and antioxidant capacity after acutely ingesting placebo or capsaicin. Under placebo, females had greater reperfusion rates in both the forearm (M: 0.44 ± 0.24 vs. F: 0.98 ± 0.46 %/sec; p = 0.002, d = -1.50) and quadricep (M: 0.86 ± 0.31 vs. F: 1.17 ± 0.43 %/sec; p = 0.010, d = -0.85). Capsaicin decreased microvascular responsiveness in the forearm of females (placebo: 0.98 ± 0.45 vs. capsaicin: 0.84 ± 0.45 %/sec) as compared to males (placebo: 0.45 ± 0.24 vs. capsaicin: 0.38 ± 0.16 %/sec, interaction p < 0.001, η2 = 0.475). There was a sex*treatment interaction for NOx concentrations, where males increased (placebo: 21.13 ± 12.83 vs. capsaicin: 23.82 ± 13.34 μM), while females decreased (placebo: 22.78 ± 14.40 vs. capsaicin: 14.43 ± 10.01 μM; p = 0.037, η2 = 0.042). Using NIRS to assess microvascular function, there is apparent limb and sex-specificity, and, for the first-time, document that acute oral capsaicin alters reperfusion slope in a sexually divergent manner.
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Giuriato G, Venturelli M, Matias A, Soares EMKVK, Gaetgens J, Frederick KA, Ives SJ. Capsaicin and Its Effect on Exercise Performance, Fatigue and Inflammation after Exercise. Nutrients 2022; 14:232. [PMID: 35057413 PMCID: PMC8778706 DOI: 10.3390/nu14020232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Capsaicin (CAP) activates the transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) channel on sensory neurons, improving ATP production, vascular function, fatigue resistance, and thus exercise performance. However, the underlying mechanisms of CAP-induced ergogenic effects and fatigue-resistance, remain elusive. To evaluate the potential anti-fatigue effects of CAP, 10 young healthy males performed constant-load cycling exercise time to exhaustion (TTE) trials (85% maximal work rate) after ingestion of placebo (PL; fiber) or CAP capsules in a blinded, counterbalanced, crossover design, while cardiorespiratory responses were monitored. Fatigue was assessed with the interpolated twitch technique, pre-post exercise, during isometric maximal voluntary contractions (MVC). No significant differences (p > 0.05) were detected in cardiorespiratory responses and self-reported fatigue (RPE scale) during the time trial or in TTE (375 ± 26 and 327 ± 36 s, respectively). CAP attenuated the reduction in potentiated twitch (PL: -52 ± 6 vs. CAP: -42 ± 11%, p = 0.037), and tended to attenuate the decline in maximal relaxation rate (PL: -47 ± 33 vs. CAP: -29 ± 68%, p = 0.057), but not maximal rate of force development, MVC, or voluntary muscle activation. Thus, CAP might attenuate neuromuscular fatigue through alterations in afferent signaling or neuromuscular relaxation kinetics, perhaps mediated via the sarco-endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase (SERCA) pumps, thereby increasing the rate of Ca2+ reuptake and relaxation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaia Giuriato
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (G.G.); (M.V.)
- Health and Human Physiological Sciences Department, Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs, NY 12866, USA; (A.M.); (E.M.K.V.K.S.)
| | - Massimo Venturelli
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (G.G.); (M.V.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
| | - Alexs Matias
- Health and Human Physiological Sciences Department, Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs, NY 12866, USA; (A.M.); (E.M.K.V.K.S.)
| | - Edgard M. K. V. K. Soares
- Health and Human Physiological Sciences Department, Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs, NY 12866, USA; (A.M.); (E.M.K.V.K.S.)
- Study Group on Exercise and Physical Activity Physiology and Epidemiology, Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Faculty of Physical Education, University of Brasilia—UnB, Brasilia 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Jessica Gaetgens
- Department of Chemistry, Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs, NY 12866, USA; (J.G.); (K.A.F.)
| | - Kimberley A. Frederick
- Department of Chemistry, Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs, NY 12866, USA; (J.G.); (K.A.F.)
| | - Stephen J. Ives
- Health and Human Physiological Sciences Department, Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs, NY 12866, USA; (A.M.); (E.M.K.V.K.S.)
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Jürimäe J, Vaiksaar S, Purge P, Tillmann V. Irisin, Fibroplast Growth Factor-21, and Follistatin Responses to Endurance Rowing Training Session in Female Rowers. Front Physiol 2021; 12:689696. [PMID: 34149463 PMCID: PMC8212044 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.689696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: This study examined selected myokine responses to an endurance rowing training session, and whether metabolic demands of the acute aerobic rowing exercise together with training volume, aerobic capacity, and body composition variables affect potential exercise-induced changes in the myokine levels in female rowers. Methods: Fifteen national level female rowers [18.3 ± 1.6 years; 172.0 ± 5.0 cm, 67.5 ± 8.8 kg; maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max): 47.2 ± 7.9 ml.min.-1 kg-1] performed a 1-h rowing ergometer exercise at the intensity of 70% of VO2max [distance: 12.1 ± 1.1 km; energy expenditure (EE): 639 ± 69 kcal; heart rate (HR): 151 ± 7 beats.min-1] followed by a 30-min recovery period. Venous blood samples were collected before and after exercise, and analyzed for irisin, fibroplast growth factor-21 (FGF-21), and follistatin conentrations. Results: Plasma irisin and FGF-21 concentrations were increased (by 8%; p = 0.013 and by 13%; p < 0.0001, respectively) immediately after the aerobic rowing exercise. Follistatin was significantly increased (by 11%; p = 0.001) only after the first 30 min of recovery. Exercise metabolic demand variables such as distance covered and total EE were correlated with the pre-to-post-exercise increases in FGF-21 concentrations (r = 0.52; p = 0.047 and r = 0.68; p = 0.005, respectively). Exercise-induced increases in irisin levels were related to aerobic capacity as measured by VO2max (r = 0.53; p = 0.041) and training stress as measured by weekly training volume (r = 0.54; p = 0.039) in female rowers. Conclusion: Acute negative energy balance induced by a single endurance rowing training session elicited significant increases in irisin, FGF-21, and follistatin levels in national level female rowers. While exercise-induced increases in FGF-21 levels were associated with exercise metabolic demand measures, exercise-induced increases in irisin concentrations were related to aerobic capacity and training stress measures in female rowers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaak Jürimäe
- Institute of Sport Sciences and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Sille Vaiksaar
- Institute of Sport Sciences and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Priit Purge
- Institute of Sport Sciences and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Vallo Tillmann
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
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Denby K, Caruso R, Schlicht E, Ives SJ. The Impact of Wrist Percooling on Physiological and Perceptual Responses during a Running Time Trial Performance in the Heat. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17207559. [PMID: 33080833 PMCID: PMC7590038 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17207559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Environmental heat stress poses significant physiological challenge and impairs exercise performance. We investigated the impact of wrist percooling on running performance and physiological and perceptual responses in the heat. In a counterbalanced design, 13 trained males (33 ± 9 years, 15 ± 7% body fat, and maximal oxygen consumption, VO2max 59 ± 5 mL/kg/min) completed three 10 km running time trials (27 °C, 60% relative humidity) while wearing two cooling bands: (1) both bands were off (off/off), (2) one band on (off/on), (3) both bands on (on/on). Heart rate (HR), HR variability (HRV), mean arterial pressure (MAP), core temperature (TCO), thermal sensation (TS), and fatigue (VAS) were recorded at baseline and recovery, while running speed (RS) and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) were collected during the 10 km. Wrist cooling had no effect (p > 0.05) at rest, except modestly increased HR (3-5 ∆beats/min, p < 0.05). Wrist percooling increased (p < 0.05) RS (0.25 ∆mi/h) and HR (5 ∆beats/min), but not TCO (∆ 0.3 °C), RPE, or TS. Given incomplete trials, the distance achieved at 16 min was not different between conditions (off/off 1.96 ± 0.16 vs. off/on 1.98 ± 0.19 vs. on/on 1.99 ± 0.24 miles, p = 0.490). During recovery HRV, MAP, or fatigue were unaffected (p > 0.05). We demonstrate that wrist percooling elicited a faster running speed, though this coincides with increased HR; although, interestingly, sensations of effort and thermal comfort were unaffected, despite the faster speed and higher HR.
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Ghigiarelli JJ, Fulop AM, Burke AA, Ferrara AJ, Sell KM, Gonzalez AM, Pelton LM, Zimmerman JA, Coke SG, Marshall DG. The Effects of Whole-Body Photobiomodulation Light-Bed Therapy on Creatine Kinase and Salivary Interleukin-6 in a Sample of Trained Males: A Randomized, Crossover Study. Front Sports Act Living 2020; 2:48. [PMID: 33345040 PMCID: PMC7739664 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2020.00048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) can be applied to the whole body as compared to the application of using single hand-held devices that isolate a smaller muscle area. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of an acute dose of whole-body PBMT pre- and post-high-intensity resistance training on creatine kinase (CK) and salivary interleukin-6 (IL-6) in a sample of trained males. Twelve males (31 ± 8.3 years, 177.2 ± 5.4 cm, and 86.0 ± 7.5 kg) were part of a randomized, counterbalanced, cross-over design, whereby each participant performed a high-intensity resistance training session that consisted of the bench press, chin-up, and repeated sprints on two separate occasions. Each participant was assigned to either the PBMT or control condition on two separate weeks, with a 10-days washout period between the weeks. Creatine kinase was measured at baseline, 24, 48, and 72 h post-exercise. Salivary IL-6 was measured at baseline, 60, 90, and 120 min. A paired t-test showed no significant difference (p = 0.669) in the area under the curve (AUC) for CK during the PBMT (191.7 ± 48.3) and control conditions (200.2 ± 68.0). A Wilcoxon signed-rank test also showed no significant median difference (p = 0.155) in the AUC for salivary IL-6 during the PBMT (Mdn = 347.7) and control conditions (Mdn = 305.8). An additional Wilcoxon signed-rank test for CK percentage change from 24 to 72 h showed the PBMT condition (Mdn = −45%) to have a −18% median difference as compared to the control condition (Mdn = −41%). As such, whole-body PBMT does not significantly reduce the activity of salivary IL-6 or CK concentration during the 24 to 72-h recovery post-high-intensity resistance training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie J Ghigiarelli
- Department of Health Professions, Hofstra University, Hempstead, NY, United States
| | - Andras M Fulop
- Department of Health Professions, Hofstra University, Hempstead, NY, United States.,Crux Physical Therapy, Garden City, NY, United States
| | - Adam A Burke
- Department of Health Professions, Hofstra University, Hempstead, NY, United States
| | - Anthony J Ferrara
- Department of Health Professions, Hofstra University, Hempstead, NY, United States
| | - Katie M Sell
- Department of Health Professions, Hofstra University, Hempstead, NY, United States
| | - Adam M Gonzalez
- Department of Health Professions, Hofstra University, Hempstead, NY, United States
| | - Luke M Pelton
- Department of Health Professions, Hofstra University, Hempstead, NY, United States
| | - Jamie A Zimmerman
- Department of Health Professions, Hofstra University, Hempstead, NY, United States
| | - Shaquille G Coke
- Department of Health Professions, Hofstra University, Hempstead, NY, United States
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Lindsay A, Costello JT. Realising the Potential of Urine and Saliva as Diagnostic Tools in Sport and Exercise Medicine. Sports Med 2018; 47:11-31. [PMID: 27294353 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-016-0558-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Accurate monitoring of homeostatic perturbations following various psychophysiological stressors is essential in sports and exercise medicine. Various biomarkers are routinely used as monitoring tools in both clinical and elite sport settings. Blood collection and muscle biopsies, both invasive in nature, are considered the gold standard for the analysis of these biomarkers in exercise science. Exploring non-invasive methods of collecting and analysing biomarkers that are capable of providing accurate information regarding exercise-induced physiological and psychological stress is of obvious practical importance. This review describes the potential benefits, and the limitations, of using saliva and urine to ascertain biomarkers capable of identifying important stressors that are routinely encountered before, during, or after intense or unaccustomed exercise, competition, over-training, and inappropriate recovery. In particular, we focus on urinary and saliva biomarkers that have previously been used to monitor muscle damage, inflammation, cardiovascular stress, oxidative stress, hydration status, and brain distress. Evidence is provided from a range of empirical studies suggesting that urine and saliva are both capable of identifying various stressors. Although additional research regarding the efficacy of using urine and/or saliva to indicate the severity of exercise-induced psychophysiological stress is required, it is likely that these non-invasive biomarkers will represent "the future" in sports and exercise medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angus Lindsay
- Program in Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Minnesota, 420 Delaware Street SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.
| | - Joseph T Costello
- Extreme Environments Laboratory, Department of Sport and Exercise Science, University of Portsmouth, Spinnaker Building, Cambridge Road, Portsmouth, PO1 2ER, UK
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Sim M, Dawson B, Landers G, Swinkels DW, Wiegerinck E, Yeap BB, Trinder D, Peeling P. Interleukin-6 and Hepcidin Levels during Hormone-Deplete and Hormone-Replete Phases of an Oral Contraceptive Cycle: A Pilot Study. ANNALS OF NUTRITION AND METABOLISM 2017; 70:100-105. [DOI: 10.1159/000465530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Background: In the past, elevated estradiol levels were reported to downregulate the iron regulatory hormone hepcidin, thereby potentially improving iron metabolism. As estrogen plays a role in regulating the menstrual cycle and can influence the cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6; a hepcidin up-regulator), this investigation examined the effects of estradiol supplementation achieved by the use of a monophasic oral contraceptive pill (OCP) on IL-6, hepcidin levels and iron status during the hormone-deplete versus hormone-replete phases within an oral contraceptive cycle (OCC). Methods: Fifteen healthy female OCP users were recruited and provided a venous blood sample on 2 separate mornings during a 28-day period. These included (a) days 2-4 of the OCC, representing a hormone-free withdrawal period (WD); (b) days 12-14 of the OCC, representing the end of the first week of active hormone therapy (AHT). Results: IL-6 and hepcidin levels were not significantly different at WD and AHT. Serum ferritin was significantly higher (p = 0.039) during AHT as compared to WD. Conclusions: Fluctuations in OCP hormones (estradiol and/or progestogen) had no effect on basal IL-6 and hepcidin levels in young women. Nevertheless, elevated ferritin levels recorded during AHT may indicate that OCP hormones can positively influence iron stores within an OCC despite unchanged hepcidin levels.
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Quantitative analysis of estradiol and six other steroid hormones in human saliva using a high throughput liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry assay. Talanta 2015; 143:353-358. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2015.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2015] [Revised: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 05/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Sim M, Dawson B, Landers G, Swinkels DW, Tjalsma H, Yeap BB, Trinder D, Peeling P. Oral contraception does not alter typical post-exercise interleukin-6 and hepcidin levels in females. J Sci Med Sport 2013; 18:8-12. [PMID: 24373771 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2013.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2013] [Revised: 10/16/2013] [Accepted: 11/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The post-exercise interleukin-6 (IL-6) and hepcidin response was investigated during the hormone-deplete and hormone-replete phases of an estradiol and progestogen regulated oral contraceptive cycle (OCC). DESIGN Counterbalanced, repeated measures cross-over study. METHODS Ten active female monophasic oral contraceptive pill (OCP) users completed two 40 min treadmill running trials at 75% of their pre-determined peak oxygen uptake velocity (vVO2peak). These trials were randomly performed in two specific phases of the OCC: (a) Day 2-4, representing a hormone-free withdrawal period (D-0); (b) Day 12-14, representing the end of the first week of active hormone therapy (D+7). Venous blood samples were drawn pre-, post- and 3h post-exercise. RESULTS In both trials, serum IL-6 was significantly elevated (p<0.05) immediately post-exercise, while serum hepcidin was significantly elevated (p<0.05) 3h post-exercise, with no significant differences recorded between trials. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that exercise performed during the different phases (D-0 vs. D+7) of a monophasic OCP regulated cycle does not alter exercise induced IL-6 or hepcidin production. As such, future studies looking to investigate similar variables post-exercise, may not need to 'control' for different phases of the OCC, provided participants are current monophasic OCP users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Sim
- School of Sport Science, Exercise and Health, The University of Western Australia, Australia.
| | - Brian Dawson
- School of Sport Science, Exercise and Health, The University of Western Australia, Australia
| | - Grant Landers
- School of Sport Science, Exercise and Health, The University of Western Australia, Australia
| | - Dorine W Swinkels
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Laboratory of Genetic, Endocrine and Metabolic diseases, Radboud University Medical Centre, The Netherlands
| | - Harold Tjalsma
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Laboratory of Genetic, Endocrine and Metabolic diseases, Radboud University Medical Centre, The Netherlands
| | - Bu B Yeap
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology, The University of Western Australia, Fremantle Hospital, Australia
| | - Debbie Trinder
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology, The University of Western Australia, Fremantle Hospital, Australia; Western Australian Institute for Medical Research, Australia
| | - Peter Peeling
- School of Sport Science, Exercise and Health, The University of Western Australia, Australia
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Bagan J, Sheth CC, Soria JM, Margaix M, Bagan L. Bisphosphonates-related osteonecrosis of the jaws: a preliminary study of salivary interleukins. J Oral Pathol Med 2012; 42:405-8. [DOI: 10.1111/jop.12021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jose Bagan
- Oral Medicine; Stomatology and Maxillofacial Surgery; Valencia University; University General Hospital; Valencia Spain
| | - Chirag C. Sheth
- Department of Biomedical Sciences; Faculty of Health Sciences; CEU University Cardenal Herrera; Valencia Spain
| | - Jose M. Soria
- Department of Biomedical Sciences; Faculty of Health Sciences; CEU University Cardenal Herrera; Valencia Spain
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Le Panse B, Labsy Z, Baillot A, Vibarel-Rebot N, Parage G, Albrings D, Lasne F, Collomp K. Changes in steroid hormones during an international powerlifting competition. Steroids 2012; 77:1339-44. [PMID: 22917632 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2012.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2012] [Revised: 07/12/2012] [Accepted: 07/19/2012] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to assess changes in the steroid hormone levels of elite athletes during an international powerlifting competition. Baseline cortisol, DHEA and testosterone were determined in saliva samples in 19 (8 men, 11 women) junior and sub-junior athletes on the day before competition, and then on the competition day during the official weighing and in the hour after competition. Performance was determined by total output and the Wilks formula. No change in saliva steroid concentrations was observed between samples collected on the day before competition and the weighing samples. There was no gender effect on cortisol concentrations but saliva testosterone levels were always significantly higher in men than in women (p<0.01), as was end-competition DHEA (p<0.05). Cortisol and DHEA were significantly increased in male and female athletes after the competition (respectively, p<0.01 and p<0.05), whereas end-competition testosterone concentrations were only significantly increased in men (p<0.01). Significant relationships were demonstrated between performance and end-competition cortisol levels in women and end-competition testosterone levels in men. These data indicate that workouts during an international powerlifting competition produce a significant increase in adrenal steroid hormones in both genders, with an increase in male gonadal steroid hormone. Further studies are necessary to examine the changes in oestradiol and progesterone in women and their potential impact on performance during international powerlifting competition.
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Ives SJ, McDaniel J, Witman MAH, Richardson RS. Passive limb movement: evidence of mechanoreflex sex specificity. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2012; 304:H154-61. [PMID: 23086995 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00532.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have determined that premenopausal women exhibit an attenuated metaboreflex; however, little is known about sex specificity of the mechanoreflex. Thus, we sought to determine if sex differences exist in the central and peripheral hemodynamic responses to passive limb movement. Second-by-second measurements of heart rate, stroke volume, cardiac output (CO), mean arterial pressure, and femoral artery blood flow (FBF) were recorded during 3 min of supine passive knee extension in 24 young healthy subjects (12 women and 12 men). Normalization of CO and stroke volume to body surface area, expressed as cardiac index and stroke index, eliminated differences in baseline central hemodynamics, whereas, peripherally, basal FBF and femoral vascular conductance were similar between the sexes. In response to passive limb movement, women displayed significantly attenuated peak central hemodynamic responses compared with men (heart rate: 9.0 ± 1 vs. 14.8 ± 2% change, stroke index: 4.5 ± 0.6 vs. 7.8 ± 1.2% change, cardiac index: 9.6 ± 1 vs. 17.2 ± 2% change, all P < 0.05), whereas movement induced similar increases in peak FBF (167 ± 32 vs. 193 ± 17% change) and femoral vascular conductance (172 ± 31 vs. 203 ± 16% change) in both sexes (women vs. men, respectively). Additionally, there was a significant positive relationship between individual peak FBF and peak CO response to passive movement in men but not in women. Thus, although both sexes exhibited similar movement-induced hyperemia and peripheral vasodilatory function, the central hemodynamic response was blunted in women, implying an attenuated mechanoreflex. Therefore, this study reveals that, as already recognized with the metaboreflex, there is likely a sex-specific attenuation of the mechanoreflex in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J Ives
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, George E. Whalen Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT 84148, USA.
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15
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Kasharafifard S, Hojjati S, Daryanoosh F, Mehrabani D, Almasi-Hashiani A, Vojdani S, Tanideh N, Askarzadeh A, Rasouli O. Reproductive hormonal changes after incremental exercise in female rats. Pak J Biol Sci 2012; 15:403-407. [PMID: 24199472 DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2012.403.407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Regular physical exercises can affect hormonal system of female athletes. This study evaluated the reproductive hormonal changes after an incremental exercise in female rats. Forty female 2 months old Sprague Dawley rats (200 +/- 5 g) were randomly divided into 4 equal groups including group 1 as control, group 2 undergoing incremental exercise, group 3 receiving supplement soy milk and group 4 undergoing incremental exercise together with a supplement of soy milk. The incremental exercise consisted of running on a flatted treadmill 3 days/weak for 10 weeks. The speed of treadmill gradually increased from 18 to 36 m min(-1) and the duration of each exercise started from 5 min in the first week and reached 8 min in the last week of exercise. The supplemented soy milk was administered for 10 weeks. After 10 weeks, animals were bled and the level of estrogen, progesterone, Luteinizing Hormone (LH) and Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) were determined. The LH level was statistically significant different between groups 1 and 2, 1 and 4, 2 and 3 (p < 0.05) and groups 3 and 4 (p < 0.05). FSH level was statistically significant between groups 1 and 4 (p < 0.05), 3 and 4 (p < 0.05). Regarding the estrogen level, the difference was not significant between the groups. Progesterone level was statistically significant between groups 1 and 4, 2 and 3, 1 and 3 (p < 0.05) and 2 and 4 (p < 0.05). It may be said that changes in the sex hormone are affected by various factors, but what should be considered is the interaction of these hormones. Internal hormonal changes are dependent on the sport history, intensity, duration, level and duration of soy milk supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somayeh Kasharafifard
- Exercise Physiology Department, Central Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
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Oh JA, Shin HS. Rapid determination of natural steroidal hormones in saliva for the clinical diagnoses. Chem Cent J 2012; 6:22. [PMID: 22452882 PMCID: PMC3351364 DOI: 10.1186/1752-153x-6-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2012] [Accepted: 03/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Saliva samples are easily collectable and non-invasive, and the monitoring of natural steroidal hormones, such as estrone (E1), 17β-estradiol (E2), estriol (E3), progesterone (P), and testosterone (T), in saliva has attracted much attention due to its numerous potential clinical and health-related applications. Because E1, E2, E3, P and T are useful indicators in numerous clinical and health-related diagnoses, there is a need for simultaneous determination. Results A gas chromatography-mass spectrometric assay was developed for rapid simultaneous determination of E1, E2, E3, P and T in saliva for clinical diagnoses. Extraction was achieved with a liquid extraction using 3.0 mL of pentane. The extract was dried and silylated with N-methyl-N-(trimethylsilyl) trifluoroacetamide/NH4I (100:2) under a catalysis of 1.5% dithioerythritol for 10 min at 90°C. The accuracy of the analytes was in the range of 96% to 112% at concentrations of 0.05 and 0.10 μg/L (5.0 and 10.0 μg/L for E3), respectively, with relative standard deviations of less than 11%. The lowest quantification limits were from 0.002 to 0.6 μg/L for 1.0 mL of saliva. Conclusion Natural steroidal hormones were detected in the concentration ranges of nd to 0.2 μg/L in human saliva. The salivary testosterone values in the patients with prostatic carcinoma were significantly lower than in normal males. The method may useful in numerous clinical and health-related diagnoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Aa Oh
- Department of Environmental Education, Kongju National University, Kongju, Korea 314-701, South Korea.
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