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Mariano IM, Amaral AL, Ribeiro PAB, Puga GM. A single session of exercise reduces blood pressure reactivity to stress: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sci Rep 2022; 12:11837. [PMID: 35821393 PMCID: PMC9276760 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-15786-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Stressful situations are common in everyday life and disturb homeostasis. So, an exercise session is a strategy to mitigate blood pressure (BP) peaks in response to stress (i.e., BP reactivity), decreasing the cardiovascular risk. This is a systematic review and meta-analysis that aims to verify the effects of a single session of physical exercises on BP reactivity to stress in adults. The searches were performed in digital databases (MEDLINE, LILACS, EMBASE, SPORTDiscus, and PsycInfo) and 29 studies were included, totaling 795 individuals (quantitative analysis: k = 25, n = 659). As for exercise characteristics, 21 of the 29 studies focused on aerobic exercises, and 23 studies focused on low to moderate intensities. As for the stress tests, we have them in the following order from the most to the least frequent: stroop color and word test, cold pressor test, arithmetic test, public speaking, handgrip, trier social stress test, and study task. Favorable metanalytic results (standardized mean differences through random-effects approach) for the exercises were found, with attenuated reactivity in systolic BP (pooled effect size = - 0.38 [- 0.49; - 0.27], representing average reductions of 3.7 ± 3.8 mmHg), diastolic BP (pooled effect size = - 0.51 [- 0.70; - 0.33], representing average reductions of 2.9 ± 3.7 mmHg), and mean BP (pooled effect size = - 0.51 [- 0.72; - 0.31], representing average reductions of 4.1 ± 3.3 mmHg). So, acute physical exercise lowers systolic, diastolic, and mean blood pressure reactivity in response to stressor tasks. However, given the small magnitude of effects, the clinical relevance of this result must be interpreted with caution and be better explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor M Mariano
- Laboratory of Cardiorespiratory and Metabolic Physiology, Physical Education Department, Federal University of Uberlândia, Rua Benjamin Constant, 1286, Neighborhood: Aparecida, Uberlândia, MG, 38400-678, Brazil
| | - Ana Luiza Amaral
- Laboratory of Cardiorespiratory and Metabolic Physiology, Physical Education Department, Federal University of Uberlândia, Rua Benjamin Constant, 1286, Neighborhood: Aparecida, Uberlândia, MG, 38400-678, Brazil
| | - Paula A B Ribeiro
- @CoeurLab Research Unit, Research Center of University of Montreal Hospital Centre, Montreal, QC, H2X 0A9, Canada.,Centre de Médecine Comportemental de Montréal, CIUSSS- NIM, Montreal, QC, H4J 1C5, Canada
| | - Guilherme M Puga
- Laboratory of Cardiorespiratory and Metabolic Physiology, Physical Education Department, Federal University of Uberlândia, Rua Benjamin Constant, 1286, Neighborhood: Aparecida, Uberlândia, MG, 38400-678, Brazil.
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2
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Hamarat Y, Deimantavicius M, Dambrauskas V, Labunskas V, Putnynaite V, Lucinskas P, Siaudvytyte L, Simiene E, Stoskuviene A, Januleviciene I, Petkus V, Ragauskas A. Prospective Pilot Clinical Study of Noninvasive Cerebrovascular Autoregulation Monitoring in Open-Angle Glaucoma Patients and Healthy Subjects. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2022; 11:17. [PMID: 35138342 PMCID: PMC8842541 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.11.2.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To analyze the cerebrovascular autoregulation (CA) dynamics in patients with normal-tension glaucoma (NTG) and high-tension glaucoma (HTG) as well as healthy subjects using noninvasive ultrasound technologies for the first time. Methods The CA status of 10 patients with NTG, 8 patients with HTG, and 10 healthy subjects was assessed, using an innovative noninvasive ultrasonic technique, based on intracranial blood volume slow-wave measurements. Identified in each participant were intraocular pressure, ocular perfusion pressure, and CA-related parameter volumetric reactivity index (VRx), as well as the duration and doses of the longest cerebral autoregulation impairment (LCAI). In addition, we calculated the associations of these parameters with patients' diagnoses. Results The VRx value, the LCAI dose, and duration in healthy subjects were significantly lower than in patients with NTG (P < 0.05). However, no significant differences were noted in these parameters between healthy subjects and HTG and between NTG and HTG groups. Conclusions NTG is associated with the disturbed cerebral blood flow and could be diagnosed by performing noninvasive CA assessments. Translational Relevance The VRx monitoring method can be applied to a wider range of patient groups, especially patients with normal-tension glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasin Hamarat
- Health Telematics Science Institute, Kaunas University of Technology, Kaunas, Lithuania.,0000-0002-1343-5068
| | - Mantas Deimantavicius
- Health Telematics Science Institute, Kaunas University of Technology, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Vilius Dambrauskas
- Health Telematics Science Institute, Kaunas University of Technology, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Vaidas Labunskas
- Health Telematics Science Institute, Kaunas University of Technology, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Vilma Putnynaite
- Health Telematics Science Institute, Kaunas University of Technology, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Paulius Lucinskas
- Health Telematics Science Institute, Kaunas University of Technology, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Lina Siaudvytyte
- Eye Clinic, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Evelina Simiene
- Eye Clinic, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | | | | | - Vytautas Petkus
- Health Telematics Science Institute, Kaunas University of Technology, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Arminas Ragauskas
- Health Telematics Science Institute, Kaunas University of Technology, Kaunas, Lithuania
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3
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Hayashi N, Du L. Acute and Chronic Periocular Massage for Ocular Blood Flow and Vision: a Randomized Controlled Trial. Int J Ther Massage Bodywork 2021; 14:5-13. [PMID: 34079599 PMCID: PMC8133878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The ocular blood flow (OBF) is responsible for supplying nutrition to the retina, which plays a fundamental role in visual function. Massage is expected to improve the blood flow and, consequently, vascular function. The aim of this study was to determine the short-term and long-term effects of periocular massage on OBF and visual acuity. METHODS The OBF and visual acuity were measured in 40 healthy adults aged 20-30 years before and after massage, and also in control subjects. Three massage methods were used: applying periocular acupressure ("Chinese eye exercise": CE), using a facial massage roller (MR), and using an automated eye massager (AM). The OBF and visual acuity were first measured before and after applying each type of massage for 5 min. Eye massage was then applied for 5 min once daily over a 60-day period, while the control group received no massage. The same measurements were then performed again. RESULTS Performing short-term periocular massage showed significant interactions in time and massage effects on visual acuity in CE and AM groups, and on OBF in AM group, while 60-day massage period exerted no significant effects. No significant relationship was found between OBF and visual acuity changes. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that short-term periocular massage with Chinese eye exercise and automated eye massager can improve OBF and visual acuity, although no causal relationship was supported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoyuki Hayashi
- Institute for Liberal Arts, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro, Tokyo, Japan,Department of Social and Human Sciences, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro, Tokyo, Japan,Corresponding author: Naoyuki Hayashi, PhD, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Mikajima 2-579-15, Tokorozawa 359-1192, Saitama, Japan,
| | - Lanfei Du
- Department of Social and Human Sciences, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro, Tokyo, Japan
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Zhang J, Strand K, Totillo M, Chen Q, Signorile JF, Jiang H, Wang J. Improvement of retinal tissue perfusion after circuit resistance training in healthy older adults. Exp Gerontol 2021; 146:111210. [PMID: 33385483 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2020.111210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the retinal tissue perfusion (RTP) and its relation to cognitive function in healthy older people after an 8-week high-speed circuit resistance training program (HSCT). METHODS Eleven subjects in the HSCT group and seven age-matched non-training controls (CON) were recruited. The HSCT group trained 3 times per week for 8 weeks, while CON performed no formal training. One eye of each subject in both groups was imaged at baseline and at an 8-week follow-up, using a Retinal Function Imager to measure retinal blood flow (RBF). Retinal tissue perfusion (RTP) was calculated as RBF divided by the corresponding tissue volume. Cognitive function was assessed during both visits using the NIH Toolbox Fluid Cognition Battery. RESULTS RTP was 2.99 ± 0.91 nl·s-1·mm-3 (mean ± SD) at baseline and significantly increased to 3.77 ± 0.86 nl·s-1·mm-3 after training (P < 0.001) in the HSCT group, reflecting an increase of 26%. In the HSCT group, the Pattern Comparison Processing Speed Test (PAT) and Fluid Cognition Composite Score (FCS) were significantly increased after HSCT (P = 0.01). Furthermore, the changes in Flanker Inhibitory Control and Attention Test (FLNK) were positively correlated to increases in RTP (r = 0.80, P = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS This is the first prospective study to demonstrate that the increased RTP after HSCT was related to improved cognition in cognitively-normal elders, indicating RTP could be an imaging marker for monitoring cognitive changes due to physical activity in the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Zhang
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Keri Strand
- Department of Kinesiology and Sports Sciences, University of Miami, FL, USA
| | - Matthew Totillo
- Department of Kinesiology and Sports Sciences, University of Miami, FL, USA
| | - Qi Chen
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Joseph F Signorile
- Department of Kinesiology and Sports Sciences, University of Miami, FL, USA
| | - Hong Jiang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Jianhua Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.
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Chong Seong NT, Yaakub A, Jalil RA, Tirmandas Vn K, A/P Sandragasu T, Noor JBM, Husain NB, Mustari ZB, Hamid SAA, Mt Saad AB, At LS. Effect of physical activity on severity of primary angle closure glaucoma. Ther Adv Ophthalmol 2019; 11:2515841419864855. [PMID: 31384724 PMCID: PMC6664631 DOI: 10.1177/2515841419864855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: To determine the association between physical activity and severity of
primary angle closure glaucoma in Malay patients. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 150 primary angle closure
glaucoma patients between April 2014 and August 2016. Using the
International Physical Activity Questionnaire, the physical activity status
was assessed and divided into three categories: mild, moderate and heavy
physical activity. The duration of physical activity and corresponding
minimum energy requirements were calculated. Ocular examination was
performed including Humphrey visual field 24-2 analysis assessment. Based on
two consecutive reliable Humphrey visual fields, the severity of glaucoma
was scored according to modified Advanced Glaucoma Intervention Study and
classified as mild (0–5), moderate (6–11) and severe (12–20). Association
between physical activity and Advanced Glaucoma Intervention Study score was
determined with multiple linear regression analysis. Results: A total of 150 Malay patients with primary angle closure glaucoma were
included (50 patients with mild, 50 with moderate and 50 with severe
glaucoma). Physical activity showed inverse association with the severity of
primary angle closure glaucoma. After calculating adjustments for age, sex,
duration of glaucoma, body mass index, systemic co-morbidities, family
history of glaucoma, myopia and educational status [adjusted
b –3.41, 95% confidence interval (–5.23, –1.59),
p < 0.001], there was also an inverse relationship
with Advanced Glaucoma Intervention Study score. Every increase in physical
activity level reduces the Advanced Glaucoma Intervention Study score by 3.4
point. Conclusion: Physical activity is the potential modifiable risk factor in reducing the
severity of glaucoma among primary angle closure glaucoma patients. However,
there is possibility of the severity of glaucoma restricted the physical
activity of primary angle closure glaucoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niven Teh Chong Seong
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Malaysia
| | - Azhany Yaakub
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Malaysia
| | - Rohana Abdul Jalil
- Department of Community Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Malaysia
| | - Karunakar Tirmandas Vn
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hospital Kuala Lumpur, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - Jelinar Binti Mohd Noor
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hospital Kuala Lumpur, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Norhalwani Bt Husain
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hospital Raja Perempuan Zainab II, Kota Bharu, Malaysia
| | | | - Siti Azrin Ab Hamid
- Department of Biostatistics and Research Methodology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Malaysia
| | - Ahmad B Mt Saad
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hospital Sultanah Bahiyah, Alor Setar, Malaysia
| | - Liza-Sharmini At
- Professor of Ophthalmology and Senior Consultant Ophthalmologist (Glaucoma), Head of Department, Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, 16150 Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia
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Miyaji A, Ikemura T, Hayashi N. Aging decreases CO2 reactivity in the retinal artery, but not in the ocular choroidal vessels; a cross-sectional study. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc 2018; 70:231-240. [PMID: 29710683 DOI: 10.3233/ch-170332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The CO2 reactivity is often used to assess vascular function, but it is still unclear whether this reactivity is affected by aging. OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of aging on the CO2 reactivity in ocular and cerebral vessels, both of which are highly sensitive to hypercapnia, we compared the CO2 reactivity in the retinal artery (RA), retinal and choroidal vessels (RCV), optic nerve head (ONH), and middle cerebral artery (MCA) between young and middle-aged subjects. METHODS We measured the CO2 reactivity in 14 young and 11 middle-aged males using laser-speckle flowgraphy during a 3-min inhalation of CO2-rich air. RESULTS The CO2 reactivity in the RA and ONH were lower in the middle-aged group than in the young group, but no significant effect of age was observed in the RCV or MCA. The CO2 reactivity in the RA and ONH were correlated significantly with age, whereas those in the RCV or MCA were not. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that there are regional differences in the effect of age on the CO2 reactivity among not only ocular and cerebral vessels, but also the retinal and choroidal vessels, even though these vessels are in neighboring areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akane Miyaji
- Division of Medical Nutrition, Faculty of Healthcare, Tokyo Healthcare University, Setagaya, Tokyo, Japan.,Graduate School of Decision Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Ikemura
- Department of Management Information, Yokohama College of Commerce, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Hayashi
- Graduate School of Decision Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro, Tokyo, Japan.,Institute for Liberal Arts, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro, Tokyo, Japan
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7
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Bosch A, Scheppach JB, Harazny JM, Raff U, Eckardt KU, Schmieder RE, Schneider MP. Retinal capillary and arteriolar changes in patients with chronic kidney disease. Microvasc Res 2018; 118:121-127. [PMID: 29559377 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2018.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Revised: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Premature cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of death in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). In animal models CKD has been shown to cause renal and extrarenal vascular remodeling and capillary rarefaction, but data in humans with CKD are sparse. Retinal arteriolar wall-to-lumen ratio (WLR) is an established marker of early end-organ damage and there is evidence that arteriolar and capillary changes in the retinal circulation mirror those in the general and in particular the cerebrovascular microcirculation. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to compare retinal capillary density and arteriolar structure between patients with CKD and healthy individuals. METHODS We compared 76 patients with CKD stage 3+ or proteinuria >500 mg/g creatinine in the presence of a normal GFR from the German Chronic Kidney Disease cohort to 53 healthy control subjects, who participated in clinical trials during 2007 and 2015 in our Clinical Research Center. Retinal vascular parameters were measured non-invasively in vivo by scanning laser Doppler Flowmetry (SLDF, Heidelberg Engineering, Germany). Capillary rarefaction was assessed by intercapillary distance. RESULTS Patients with CKD showed greater WLR (0.403 ± 0.11 vs 0.351 ± 0.11, p = 0.010) and greater wall thickness (WT) (15.1 ± 4.1 vs 13.5 ± 3.8, p = 0.026) compared to healthy individuals. Intercapillary distance (ICD) (22.4 ± 5.7 vs 20.2 ± 4.1, p = 0.008) was greater in the CKD group compared to the healthy control group. After adjustment for differences in clinical characteristics of the groups (age, gender, BMI, serum cholesterol) WLR (p = 0.046), WT (p = 0.025) and ICD (p = 0.003) remained significantly different between the two groups. There was a correlation between serum phosphate level and WLR in the CKD group (r = 0.288, p = 0.013). CONCLUSION Patients with moderately severe CKD show retinal signs of end-organ damage indicated by an increased wall-to-lumen ratio and capillary rarefaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnes Bosch
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Germany
| | - Johannes B Scheppach
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Germany
| | - Joanna M Harazny
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Germany; Department of Pathophysiology, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Ulrike Raff
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Germany
| | - Kai-Uwe Eckardt
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
| | - Roland E Schmieder
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Germany.
| | - Markus P Schneider
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Germany
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Ikemura T, Suzuki K, Nakamura N, Yada K, Hayashi N. Fluid intake restores retinal blood flow early after exhaustive exercise in healthy subjects. Eur J Appl Physiol 2018. [PMID: 29520564 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-018-3839-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE It remains unclear whether rehydration restores retinal blood flow reduced by exhaustive exercise. We investigated the effect of fluid intake on retinal blood flow after exhaustive exercise. METHODS Blood flow in the inferior (ITRA) and superior temporal retinal arterioles (STRA) was measured before and after incremental cycling exercise until exhaustion in 13 healthy males. After the exercise, the subjects rested without drinking (control condition: CON) or with drinking an electrolyte containing water (rehydrate condition: REH) and were followed up for a period of 120 min. To assess the hydration state, the body mass was measured, and venous blood samples were collected and plasma volume (PV) was calculated. RESULTS Body mass decreased in CON after the trial [- 1.1 ± 0.1% (mean ± SE), p < 0.05]. PV was lower in CON than in REH during recovery. The ITRA and STRA blood flows decreased immediately after exercise from the resting baseline (ITRA; - 23 ± 4% in REH and - 30 ± 4% in CON, p < 0.05). The ITRA blood flow recovered baseline level at 15 min of recovery in REH (- 9 ± 3%, p = 0.5), but it remained reduced in CON (-14 ± 3%, p < 0.05). The STRA blood flow was higher in REH than in CON at 15 min (2 ± 3 vs. - 5 ± 3%, p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The results of this study suggest that the reduction in retinal blood flow induced by exhaustive exercise can be recovered early by rehydration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsukasa Ikemura
- Faculty of Commerce, Yokohama College of Commerce, Higashiterao, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Suzuki
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Nakamura
- Graduate School of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan
| | - Koichi Yada
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Hayashi
- Institute for Liberal Arts, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Ookayama 2-12-1, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8552, Japan.
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9
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Witkowska KJ, Bata AM, Calzetti G, Luft N, Fondi K, Wozniak PA, Schmidl D, Bolz M, Popa-Cherecheanu A, Werkmeister RM, Garhöfer G, Schmetterer L. Optic nerve head and retinal blood flow regulation during isometric exercise as assessed with laser speckle flowgraphy. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0184772. [PMID: 28898284 PMCID: PMC5595424 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0184772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate regulation of blood flow (BF) in the optic nerve head (ONH) and a peripapillary region (PPR) during an isometric exercise-induced increase in ocular perfusion pressure (OPP) using laser speckle flowgraphy (LSFG) in healthy subjects. For this purpose, a total of 27 subjects was included in this study. Mean blur rate in tissue (MT) was measured in the ONH and in a PPR as well as relative flow volume (RFV) in retinal arteries (ART) and veins (VEIN) using LSFG. All participants performed isometric exercise for 6 minutes during which MT and mean arterial pressure were measured every minute. From these data OPP and pressure/flow curves were calculated. Isometric exercise increased OPP, MTONH and MTPRR. The relative increase in OPP (78.5 ± 19.8%) was more pronounced than the increase in BF parameters (MTONH: 18.1 ± 7.7%, MTPRR: 21.1 ± 8.3%, RFVART: 16.5 ±12.0%, RFVVEIN: 17.7 ± 12.4%) indicating for an autoregulatory response of the vasculature. The pressure/flow curves show that MTONH, MTPRR, RFVART, RFVVEIN started to increase at OPP levels of 51.2 ± 2.0%, 58.1 ± 2.4%, 45.6 ± 1.9% and 45.6 ± 1.9% above baseline. These data indicate that ONHBF starts to increase at levels of approx. 50% increase in OPP: This is slightly lower than the values we previously reported from LDF data. Signals from the PPR may have input from both, the retina and the choroid, but the relative contribution is unknown. In addition, retinal BF appears to increase at slightly lower OPP values of approximately 45%. LSFG may be used to study ONH autoregulation in diseases such as glaucoma. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02102880
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ahmed M. Bata
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Nikolaus Luft
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kepler University Hospital, Linz, Austria
| | - Klemens Fondi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Piotr A. Wozniak
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Doreen Schmidl
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Matthias Bolz
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kepler University Hospital, Linz, Austria
| | - Alina Popa-Cherecheanu
- Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Ophthalmology, Emergency University Hospital, Bucharest, Romania
| | - René M. Werkmeister
- Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gerhard Garhöfer
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Leopold Schmetterer
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- * E-mail:
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10
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Ikemura T, Kashima H, Yamaguchi Y, Miyaji A, Hayashi N. Inner ocular blood flow responses to an acute decrease in blood pressure in resting humans. Physiol Meas 2015; 36:219-30. [PMID: 25582274 DOI: 10.1088/0967-3334/36/2/219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Whether inner ocular vessels have an autoregulatory response to acute fluctuations in blood pressure is unclear. We tried to examine the validity of acute hypotension elicited by thigh-cuff release as to assess the dynamic autoregulation in the ocular circulation. Blood flow velocity in the superior nasal and inferior temporal retinal arterioles, and in the retinal and choroidal vasculature were measured with the aid of laser speckle flowgraphy before and immediately after an acute decrease in blood pressure in 20 healthy subjects. Acute hypotension was induced by a rapid release of bilateral thigh occlusion cuffs that had been inflated to 220 mmHg for 2 min. The ratio of the relative change in retinal and choroidal blood flow velocity to the relative change in mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) was calculated. Immediately after cuff release, the MAP and blood flows in the all ocular target vessels decreased significantly from the baseline values obtained before thigh-cuff release. The ratio of the relative change in inner ocular blood flow velocity to that in the MAP exceeded 1% / %mmHg. An explicit dynamic autoregulation in inner ocular vessels cannot be demonstrated in response to an acute hypotension induced by the thigh-cuff release technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsukasa Ikemura
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-1192, Japan. Graduate School of Decision Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Ookayama, Meguro, 152-8552, Japan
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11
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Global brain blood-oxygen level responses to autonomic challenges in obstructive sleep apnea. PLoS One 2014; 9:e105261. [PMID: 25166862 PMCID: PMC4148259 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0105261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2014] [Accepted: 07/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is accompanied by brain injury, perhaps resulting from apnea-related hypoxia or periods of impaired cerebral perfusion. Perfusion changes can be determined indirectly by evaluation of cerebral blood volume and oxygenation alterations, which can be measured rapidly and non-invasively with the global blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) signal, a magnetic resonance imaging procedure. We assessed acute BOLD responses in OSA subjects to pressor challenges that elicit cerebral blood flow changes, using a two-group comparative design with healthy subjects as a reference. We separately assessed female and male patterns, since OSA characteristics and brain injury differ between sexes. We studied 94 subjects, 37 with newly-diagnosed, untreated OSA (6 female (age mean ± std: 52.1±8.1 yrs; apnea/hypopnea index [AHI]: 27.7±15.6 events/hr and 31 male 54.3±8.4 yrs; AHI: 37.4±19.6 events/hr), and 20 female (age 50.5±8.1 yrs) and 37 male (age 45.6±9.2 yrs) healthy control subjects. We measured brain BOLD responses every 2 s while subjects underwent cold pressor, hand grip, and Valsalva maneuver challenges. The global BOLD signal rapidly changed after the first 2 s of each challenge, and differed in magnitude between groups to two challenges (cold pressor, hand grip), but not to the Valsalva maneuver (repeated measures ANOVA, p<0.05). OSA females showed greater differences from males in response magnitude and pattern, relative to healthy counterparts. Cold pressor BOLD signal increases (mean ± adjusted standard error) at the 8 s peak were: OSA 0.14±0.08% vs. Control 0.31±0.06%, and hand grip at 6 s were: OSA 0.08±0.03% vs. Control at 0.30±0.02%. These findings, indicative of reduced cerebral blood flow changes to autonomic challenges in OSA, complement earlier reports of altered resting blood flow and reduced cerebral artery responsiveness. Females are more affected than males, an outcome which may contribute to the sex-specific brain injury in the syndrome.
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Ikemura T, Miyaji A, Kashima H, Yamaguchi Y, Hayashi N. Ocular blood flow decreases during passive heat stress in resting humans. J Physiol Anthropol 2013; 32:23. [PMID: 24314154 PMCID: PMC4029185 DOI: 10.1186/1880-6805-32-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2013] [Accepted: 11/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heat stress induces various physiological changes and so could influence ocular circulation. This study examined the effect of heat stress on ocular blood flow. FINDINGS Ocular blood flow, end-tidal carbon dioxide (P(ET)CO2) and blood pressure were measured for 12 healthy subjects wearing water-perfused tube-lined suits under two conditions of water circulation: (1) at 35 °C (normothermia) for 30 min and (2) at 50 °C for 90 min (passive heat stress). The blood-flow velocities in the superior temporal retinal arteriole (STRA), superior nasal retinal arteriole (SNRA), and the retinal and choroidal vessels (RCV) were measured using laser-speckle flowgraphy. Blood flow in the STRA and SNRA was calculated from the integral of a cross-sectional map of blood velocity. PETCO2 was clamped at the normothermia level by adding 5% CO2 to the inspired gas. Passive heat stress had no effect on the subjects' blood pressures. The blood-flow velocity in the RCV was significantly lower after 30, 60 and 90 min of passive heat stress than the normothermic level, with a peak decrease of 18 ± 3% (mean ± SE) at 90 min. Blood flow in the STRA and SNRA decreased significantly after 90 min of passive heat stress conditions, with peak decreases of 14 ± 3% and 14 ± 4%, respectively. CONCLUSION The findings of this study suggest that passive heat stress decreases ocular blood flow irrespective of the blood pressure or arterial partial pressure of CO2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsukasa Ikemura
- Graduate School of Human-Environment Studies, Kyushu University, Kasuga-koen 6-1, Kasuga, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan
- Graduate School of Decision Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Ookayama 2-12-1-W9-1, Meguro, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
| | - Akane Miyaji
- Graduate School of Human-Environment Studies, Kyushu University, Kasuga-koen 6-1, Kasuga, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan
- Graduate School of Decision Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Ookayama 2-12-1-W9-1, Meguro, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
| | - Hideaki Kashima
- Graduate School of Human-Environment Studies, Kyushu University, Kasuga-koen 6-1, Kasuga, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan
| | - Yuji Yamaguchi
- Graduate School of Human-Environment Studies, Kyushu University, Kasuga-koen 6-1, Kasuga, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Hayashi
- Graduate School of Decision Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Ookayama 2-12-1-W9-1, Meguro, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
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Ocular circulatory responses to exhaustive exercise in humans. Eur J Appl Physiol 2012; 112:3313-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s00421-012-2313-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2011] [Accepted: 01/05/2012] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Hayashi N, Yamaoka-Endo M, Someya N, Fukuba Y. Blood flow in non-muscle tissues and organs during exercise: Nature of splanchnic and ocular circulation. JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL FITNESS AND SPORTS MEDICINE 2012. [DOI: 10.7600/jpfsm.1.281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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