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Mohammadyari P, Gadda G, Taibi A. Modelling physiology of haemodynamic adaptation in short-term microgravity exposure and orthostatic stress on Earth. Sci Rep 2021; 11:4672. [PMID: 33633331 PMCID: PMC7907254 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-84197-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular haemodynamics alters during posture changes and exposure to microgravity. Vascular auto-remodelling observed in subjects living in space environment causes them orthostatic intolerance when they return on Earth. In this study we modelled the human haemodynamics with focus on head and neck exposed to different hydrostatic pressures in supine, upright (head-up tilt), head-down tilt position, and microgravity environment by using a well-developed 1D-0D haemodynamic model. The model consists of two parts that simulates the arterial (1D) and brain-venous (0D) vascular tree. The cardiovascular system is built as a network of hydraulic resistances and capacitances to properly model physiological parameters like total peripheral resistance, and to calculate vascular pressure and the related flow rate at any branch of the tree. The model calculated 30.0 mmHg (30%), 7.1 mmHg (78%), 1.7 mmHg (38%) reduction in mean blood pressure, intracranial pressure and central venous pressure after posture change from supine to upright, respectively. The modelled brain drainage outflow percentage from internal jugular veins is 67% and 26% for supine and upright posture, while for head-down tilt and microgravity is 65% and 72%, respectively. The model confirmed the role of peripheral veins in regional blood redistribution during posture change from supine to upright and microgravity environment as hypothesized in literature. The model is able to reproduce the known haemodynamic effects of hydraulic pressure change and weightlessness. It also provides a virtual laboratory to examine the consequence of a wide range of orthostatic stresses on human haemodynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parvin Mohammadyari
- Department of Physics and Earth Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44122, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Giacomo Gadda
- National Institute for Nuclear Physics (INFN), Section of Ferrara, 44122, Ferrara, Italy.
| | - Angelo Taibi
- Department of Physics and Earth Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44122, Ferrara, Italy
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Gallo C, Ridolfi L, Scarsoglio S. Cardiovascular deconditioning during long-term spaceflight through multiscale modeling. NPJ Microgravity 2020; 6:27. [PMID: 33083524 PMCID: PMC7529778 DOI: 10.1038/s41526-020-00117-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Human spaceflight has been fascinating man for centuries, representing the intangible need to explore the unknown, challenge new frontiers, advance technology, and push scientific boundaries further. A key area of importance is cardiovascular deconditioning, that is, the collection of hemodynamic changes-from blood volume shift and reduction to altered cardiac function-induced by sustained presence in microgravity. A thorough grasp of the 0G adjustment point per se is important from a physiological viewpoint and fundamental for astronauts' safety and physical capability on long spaceflights. However, hemodynamic details of cardiovascular deconditioning are incomplete, inconsistent, and poorly measured to date; thus a computational approach can be quite valuable. We present a validated 1D-0D multiscale model to study the cardiovascular response to long-term 0G spaceflight in comparison to the 1G supine reference condition. Cardiac work, oxygen consumption, and contractility indexes, as well as central mean and pulse pressures were reduced, augmenting the cardiac deconditioning scenario. Exercise tolerance of a spaceflight traveler was found to be comparable to an untrained person with a sedentary lifestyle. At the capillary-venous level significant waveform alterations were observed which can modify the regular perfusion and average nutrient supply at the cellular level. The present study suggests special attention should be paid to future long spaceflights which demand prompt physical capacity at the time of restoration of partial gravity (e.g., Moon/Mars landing). Since spaceflight deconditioning has features similar to accelerated aging understanding deconditioning mechanisms in microgravity are also relevant to the understanding of aging physiology on the Earth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Gallo
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Luca Ridolfi
- Department of Environmental, Land and Infrastructure Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Stefania Scarsoglio
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Torino, Italy
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Bimpong-Buta NY, Jirak P, Wernly B, Lichtenauer M, Knost T, Abusamrah T, Kelm M, Jung C. Blood parameter analysis after short term exposure to weightlessness in parabolic flight. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc 2019; 70:477-486. [PMID: 30347611 DOI: 10.3233/ch-189314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parabolic flights offer a unique platform for human experiments in short-term weightlessness. It is generally known that human organ systems react to changes of gravity. Yet, little is known about alterations of blood parameters under these conditions with special emphasis on blood rheology. OBJECTIVE We investigated the alterations of distinct blood parameters after exposure to weightlessness. METHODS 14 healthy volunteers underwent short-term phases of weightlessness induced by parabolic flight. At different time points (baseline, t2:1 hour after landing, and t3:24 hours after baseline), venous blood was drawn and analyzed. RESULTS Analysis of red blood count revealed significant decreases of hemoglobin and hematocrit post flight. While total white blood counts were unaltered, differential subset analysis revealed significant decreases of eosinophil granulocytes and monocytes. Cortisole levels were unchanged and lacked physiologic circadian decrease. Parameters of renal function were found significantly improved (GFR (ml/min/1,73m2): Baseline: 105 [89;109], t2:117 [98;125], t3:110 [102;119]; p = 0.0013. In the sense of mild myocytolysis, levels of myoglobin were significantly elevated post-flight with fast recovery to baseline levels. CONCLUSIONS In the current analysis, significant alterations of blood parameters after exposure to weightlessness could be detected. These results contribute to the understanding of physiologic adaptations of the human body to weightlessness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nana-Yaw Bimpong-Buta
- Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty, University Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Peter Jirak
- Department of Cardiology, Clinic of Internal Medicine II, Paracelsus Medical University of Salzburg, Austria
| | - Bernhard Wernly
- Department of Cardiology, Clinic of Internal Medicine II, Paracelsus Medical University of Salzburg, Austria
| | - Michael Lichtenauer
- Department of Cardiology, Clinic of Internal Medicine II, Paracelsus Medical University of Salzburg, Austria
| | - Thorben Knost
- Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty, University Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Thaer Abusamrah
- Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty, University Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Malte Kelm
- Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty, University Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Christian Jung
- Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty, University Duesseldorf, Germany
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Goswami N, Blaber AP, Hinghofer-Szalkay H, Convertino VA. Lower Body Negative Pressure: Physiological Effects, Applications, and Implementation. Physiol Rev 2019; 99:807-851. [PMID: 30540225 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00006.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This review presents lower body negative pressure (LBNP) as a unique tool to investigate the physiology of integrated systemic compensatory responses to altered hemodynamic patterns during conditions of central hypovolemia in humans. An early review published in Physiological Reviews over 40 yr ago (Wolthuis et al. Physiol Rev 54: 566-595, 1974) focused on the use of LBNP as a tool to study effects of central hypovolemia, while more than a decade ago a review appeared that focused on LBNP as a model of hemorrhagic shock (Cooke et al. J Appl Physiol (1985) 96: 1249-1261, 2004). Since then there has been a great deal of new research that has applied LBNP to investigate complex physiological responses to a variety of challenges including orthostasis, hemorrhage, and other important stressors seen in humans such as microgravity encountered during spaceflight. The LBNP stimulus has provided novel insights into the physiology underlying areas such as intolerance to reduced central blood volume, sex differences concerning blood pressure regulation, autonomic dysfunctions, adaptations to exercise training, and effects of space flight. Furthermore, approaching cardiovascular assessment using prediction models for orthostatic capacity in healthy populations, derived from LBNP tolerance protocols, has provided important insights into the mechanisms of orthostatic hypotension and central hypovolemia, especially in some patient populations as well as in healthy subjects. This review also presents a concise discussion of mathematical modeling regarding compensatory responses induced by LBNP. Given the diverse applications of LBNP, it is to be expected that new and innovative applications of LBNP will be developed to explore the complex physiological mechanisms that underline health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nandu Goswami
- Physiology Section, Otto Loewi Research Center for Vascular Biology, Immunology and Inflammation, Medical University of Graz , Graz , Austria ; Department of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University , Burnaby, British Columbia , Canada ; Battlefield Health & Trauma Center for Human Integrative Physiology, Combat Casualty Care Research Program, US Army Institute of Surgical Research, JBSA Fort Sam Houston, Texas
| | - Andrew Philip Blaber
- Physiology Section, Otto Loewi Research Center for Vascular Biology, Immunology and Inflammation, Medical University of Graz , Graz , Austria ; Department of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University , Burnaby, British Columbia , Canada ; Battlefield Health & Trauma Center for Human Integrative Physiology, Combat Casualty Care Research Program, US Army Institute of Surgical Research, JBSA Fort Sam Houston, Texas
| | - Helmut Hinghofer-Szalkay
- Physiology Section, Otto Loewi Research Center for Vascular Biology, Immunology and Inflammation, Medical University of Graz , Graz , Austria ; Department of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University , Burnaby, British Columbia , Canada ; Battlefield Health & Trauma Center for Human Integrative Physiology, Combat Casualty Care Research Program, US Army Institute of Surgical Research, JBSA Fort Sam Houston, Texas
| | - Victor A Convertino
- Physiology Section, Otto Loewi Research Center for Vascular Biology, Immunology and Inflammation, Medical University of Graz , Graz , Austria ; Department of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University , Burnaby, British Columbia , Canada ; Battlefield Health & Trauma Center for Human Integrative Physiology, Combat Casualty Care Research Program, US Army Institute of Surgical Research, JBSA Fort Sam Houston, Texas
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Gerber B, Singh JL, Zhang Y, Liou W. A computer simulation of short-term adaptations of cardiovascular hemodynamics in microgravity. Comput Biol Med 2018; 102:86-94. [PMID: 30253272 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2018.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Astronauts in the microgravity environment experience significant changes in their cardiovascular hemodynamics. In this study, a system-level numerical model has been utilized to simulate the short-term adaptations of hemodynamic parameters due to the gravitational removal in space. The effect of lower body negative pressure (LBNP) as a countermeasure has also been simulated. The numerical model was built upon a lumped-parameter Windkessel model by incorporating gravity-induced hydrostatic pressure and transcapillary fluid exchange modules. The short-term (in the time scale of seconds and minutes) adaptations of the cardiac functions, blood pressure, and fluid volumes have been analyzed and compared with physiological data. The simulation results suggest microgravity induces a decrease in aortic pressure, heart rate, lower body capillary pressure and volume, and an increase in stroke volume, upper body capillary pressure and volume. The activation of LBNP causes an immediate increase in lower body blood volume and a gradual decrease in upper body blood volume. As a result, the fluid shift due to microgravity could be reversed by the LBNP application. LBNP also counters the impacts of microgravity on the cardiac functions, including heart rate and stroke volume. The simulation results have been validated using available physiological data obtained from spaceflight and parabolic flight experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Gerber
- Department Electrical and Computer Engineering, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA
| | - John-Luke Singh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA.
| | - William Liou
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI, USA
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Abete P, Adlbrecht C, Assimakopoulos SF, Côté N, Dullaart RP, Evsyukova HV, Fang TC, Goswami N, Hinghofer-Szalkay H, Ho YL, Hoebaus C, Hülsmann M, Indridason OS, Kholová I, Lin YH, Maniscalco M, Mathieu P, Mizukami H, Ndrepepa G, Roessler A, Sánchez-Ramón S, Santamaria F, Schernthaner GH, Scopa CD, Sharp KM, Skuladottir GV, Steichen O, Stenvinkel P, Tejera-Alhambra M, Testa G, Visseren FL, Westerink J, Witasp A, Yagihashi S, Ylä-Herttuala S. Research update for articles published in EJCI in 2011. Eur J Clin Invest 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/eci.12131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pasquale Abete
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Traslazionali; Università degli Studi di Napoli “Federico II”; Naples Italy
| | - Christopher Adlbrecht
- Division of Cardiology; Department of Internal Medicine II; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | | | - Nancy Côté
- Department of Surgery; Laboratoire d'Études Moléculaires des Valvulopathies (LEMV); Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec/Research Center; Laval University; Québec Canada
| | - Robin P.F. Dullaart
- Department of Endocrinology; University of Groningen and University Medical Centre Groningen; Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Helen V. Evsyukova
- Department of Hospital Therapy; Medical Faculty; St Petersburg State University; St. Petersburg Russia
| | - Te-Chao Fang
- Division of Nephrology; Department of Internal Medicine; Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital; Hualien Taiwan
| | - Nandu Goswami
- Institute of Physiology; Medical University of Graz; Austria
| | | | - Yi-Lwun Ho
- Department of Internal Medicine; National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine; Taipei Taiwan
| | - Clemens Hoebaus
- Department of Medicine II; Angiology, Medical University and General Hospital of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - Martin Hülsmann
- Division of Cardiology; Department of Internal Medicine II; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - Olafur S. Indridason
- Internal Medicine Services; Landspitali - The National University Hospital of Iceland; Reykjavik Iceland
| | - Ivana Kholová
- Pathology; Fimlab Laboratories; Tampere University Hospital; Tampere Finland
| | - Yen-Hung Lin
- Department of Internal Medicine; National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine; Taipei Taiwan
| | - Mauro Maniscalco
- Section of Respiratory Diseases; Hospital “S. Maria della Pietà”; Casoria Naples Italy
| | - Patrick Mathieu
- Department of Surgery; Laboratoire d'Études Moléculaires des Valvulopathies (LEMV); Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec/Research Center; Laval University; Québec Canada
| | - Hiroki Mizukami
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine; Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine; Hirosaki Japan
| | - Gjin Ndrepepa
- Herz- und Kreislauferkrankungen; Deutsches Herzzentrum München; Technische Universität; Munich Germany
| | | | | | - Francesca Santamaria
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences; Federico II University; Naples Italy
| | | | | | | | - Gudrun V. Skuladottir
- Department of Physiology; Faculty of Medicine; School of Health Sciences; University of Iceland; Reykjavik Iceland
| | - Olivier Steichen
- Internal Medicine Department; Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris; Tenon Hospital; Paris France
- Faculty of Medicine; Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6; Paris France
| | - Peter Stenvinkel
- Divisions of Renal Medicine and Baxter Novum; Department of Clinical Science; Intervention and Technology; Karolinska Institutet; Stockholm Sweden
| | - Marta Tejera-Alhambra
- Laboratory of Neuroimmunology; Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón; Madrid Spain
| | - Gianluca Testa
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Scienze della Salute; Università del Molise; Campobasso Italy
| | - Frank L.J. Visseren
- Department of Vascular Medicine; University Medical Center Utrecht; Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Jan Westerink
- Department of Vascular Medicine; University Medical Center Utrecht; Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Anna Witasp
- Divisions of Renal Medicine and Baxter Novum; Department of Clinical Science; Intervention and Technology; Karolinska Institutet; Stockholm Sweden
| | - Soroku Yagihashi
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine; Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine; Hirosaki Japan
| | - Seppo Ylä-Herttuala
- A.I.Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences; University of Eastern Finland; Kuopio Finland
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Goswami N, Batzel JJ, Clément G, Stein TP, Hargens AR, Sharp MK, Blaber AP, Roma PG, Hinghofer-Szalkay HG. Maximizing information from space data resources: a case for expanding integration across research disciplines. Eur J Appl Physiol 2012; 113:1645-54. [PMID: 23073848 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-012-2507-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2012] [Accepted: 09/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Regulatory systems are affected in space by exposure to weightlessness, high-energy radiation or other spaceflight-induced changes. The impact of spaceflight occurs across multiple scales and systems. Exploring such interactions and interdependencies via an integrative approach provides new opportunities for elucidating these complex responses. This paper argues the case for increased emphasis on integration, systematically archiving, and the coordination of past, present and future space and ground-based analogue experiments. We also discuss possible mechanisms for such integration across disciplines and missions. This article then introduces several discipline-specific reviews that show how such integration can be implemented. Areas explored include: adaptation of the central nervous system to space; cerebral autoregulation and weightlessness; modelling of the cardiovascular system in space exploration; human metabolic response to spaceflight; and exercise, artificial gravity, and physiologic countermeasures for spaceflight. In summary, spaceflight physiology research needs a conceptual framework that extends problem solving beyond disciplinary barriers. Administrative commitment and a high degree of cooperation among investigators are needed to further such a process. Well-designed interdisciplinary research can expand opportunities for broad interpretation of results across multiple physiological systems, which may have applications on Earth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nandu Goswami
- Institute of Physiology, Medical University of Graz, Harrachgasse 21, Graz 8010, Austria.
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